• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.591-598
• /
• 2010

A questionnaire may consist of duplicated or similar items. This study finds the duplicated or similar items by using the MDS and the cluster analysis of response patterns. By identifying the characteristics of the cluster, those items are combined into a representative item. The similarity of items is measured by the mutual information.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.11 no.4 s.29
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2005

Rural amenity resources are damaged without organized management infra. National rural resources institute perform the project of developing rural amenity infra techniques from 2005 to 2009 targeting 1,230 eup-myun rural community. There are many resource surveying project in national level. For avoiding duplicated investment, clear definition of rural amenity and essential surveying items are needed. In this study, concept of rural amenity and relation with resource are considered and 10 rural amenity resource tables and items considering management, accessibility, and amenity period are developed. Finally, developed tables and items are compared with items in previous developed surveying system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.413-421
• /
• 2013

Purpose: System availability and life cycle cost are often used to evaluate the system performance and is influenced by the operation and maintenance characteristic. In this paper, we propose the method to improve life cycle cost and satisfy the target availability through redundancy allocation. Methods: We consider the redundancy is available at all items in multi level system. Thus, we assume that sub-assembly, module, components can be duplicated. Simulation and genetic algorithm are employed to optimize redundancy allocation. Results: Target availability is higher, the life cycle cost is increased. In addition, the items for redundancy are selected at higher level in multi level system if target availability is higher. Conclusion: We could know that target availability affects the duplication number of items and the selection of redundancy items. For further study, we will consider new optimization algorithms to compare with the proposed GA algorithm and improve optimization performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.55 no.4 s.94
• /
• pp.38-48
• /
• 2005

This study is consider·ed about the relation or costume among Parhae, ancient Japan and Tang and the culture of this time commonly was influenced by Tang;s culture. The recorded items, which were exchanged from Parhae to Tang and ancient Japan, are the pelt of marten, seal, bear and tiger skin or Ammowhaha(암모화) Gu(구) and so on. Other items from Tang and ancient Japan to Parhae are various clothes and material like silk and so on. This Parhae's clothes made with leather obtained through hunting were the main product of Parhae and had been greatly famous in Tang and ancient Japan. At that time, Tang and ancient Japan had been only dependent on the agricultural life but had not been accustomed to the hunting life, and thereupon, the people in Tang and Nara Era had difficulties to get leather clothes. Accordingly, the leather products stood for the rich, and the people who purchased the leather products from Parhae were recognized as the rich. On the other hand, The prince and the royal family in Parhae were dispatched to Tang as Sooktwui(숙위). They paid a tribute to Tang and In return for it, Tang gave to Sookwui as well as to Parhae's envoys various items and clothes such as Po(포), belt(대), gold and silver Eodae(어대) and textile like a type of silk. These clothes were considered as the formal uniform like Kwanbok(관복) of Parhae. Specially, the time when Sookwui was sent to Tang rot-responded with the time when Tang gave formal uniform to Parhae's envoys. Therefore, we can confirm that the sending of Sookwui influenced to form uniform system of Parhae. In this exchange relation, there were several duplicated items showed, for example Po(포)-belt(대), Eui set(의일습), Eoeui(어의), Jobok(조복), Go(고). These items in Parhae were appeared in process of exchanging from Tang to Japan and from Tang to Parhae. At that time, the exchanges between Tang and Parhae were frequently active much more than those between Tang and Japan, and the acceptance of the culture from Tang was easier in Parhae than Japan in consideration of the geographical location. Therefore, those clothes could be understood as the items already used in Parhae and affected from Tang. These items in Parhae were appeared in process of exchanging from Tang to Japan and from Japan to Parhae. As a result, it is expected that the costumes, which Parhae took from Japan, are the same as those of Tang.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2024

PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to improve the understanding of the Korean Standard Functional, Disability, and Health Classification (KCF) and its ease of use in the clinical domain of the musculoskeletal system by comparing, analyzing, and linking the KCF codes with items from patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), which are currently mainly used to evaluate patients with neck, shoulder, waist, and knee pain. METHODS: The items of the most widely used PROMs, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the codes of the KCF were linked by two experts according to the linking rules. RESULTS: The concordance between the items of each of the PROMs and the KCF code linked by the two experts was NDI,86.4%86.4%, DASH 83.3%, ODI 92.0%, and WOMAC 80.7%. The NDI, DASH, and WOMAC indexes were found to comprise items corresponding to physical function, activity, and participation areas, and were linked to 22, 43, and 31 KCF codes, respectively. In addition to these two areas, the ODI included items related to environmental factors and was linked to 25 codes (duplicated codes are treated as one). CONCLUSION: This research can be used by adding the KCF code to the questions of the currently used evaluation tool. This coding can be easily applied and will contribute to the easy understanding of the KCF.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2016

The long term plan for apartment housing has a important role to make a decision making whether a repair work should be done or not. But, items for repair works are so various that field workers could not understand the context or plan the repair cost and time. These difficulties are drawn from the number of repair items, duplicated application and meaning, new material application and technology time-gap. Therefore, it needs to change or coordinate the repair items to improve the repair condition, reflecting the current material level or repair technologies. In this paper, it aimed at coordination of the repair items through the repair recording sheet which was surveyed in 22 metropolitan areas of Seoul, conducted between 2011 and 2014. The surveyed data are classified into six categories such as building exterior, building interior and so on, according to long term repair plan and the number of data are 1,918. It analyzed the appearing word for repair-concerned and compared the existing items of the long term plan. Items of building exterior are proposed as roof, exterior wall and painting. Building interior has a little meaning to propose the repair items. The water supply facilities are proper to keep the existing repair items. Items of the outdoor facilities could not need a sign board, drainage root and PVC sheath. Through this study, we can coordinate the repair items in apartment and provide the repair item and cost level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.15
• /
• pp.5999-6003
• /
• 2014

Pesticides used in Korea are grouped by four classes of hazard (extremely, highly, moderately and slightly hazardous) based on acute oral and dermal toxicity in the rat. However, there is little information of carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential carcinogenicity for active ingredients of pesticides used in Korea. A total of 1,283 pesticide items were registered under the Pesticide Control Act of which 987 were commercially available. Of these 987 items, 360 active ingredients not duplicated were evaluated for carcinogenicity using the carcinogen list established by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Some 25 out of 360 ingredients were classified as likely to be carcinogenic (probable) to humans and 52 had suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential (suspected) based on the US EPA classification. Some 31% of 987 items contained probable or suspected human carcinogenic ingredients. Carcinogenic pesticides accounted for 24% (5,856/24,795 tons) of the total volume of consumption in Korea. Interestingly, pesticides with lower acute toxicity were found to have higher carcinogenic potential. Based on these findings, the study suggests that it is important to provide information on long-term toxicity to farmers, in addition to acute toxicity data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.92-102
• /
• 2011

Visibility of the flow of goods is an important service element when considering how to improve the quality of a logistics service. Registered mail service of Korea Post, one of logistics service providers, currently supply information on the handling of postal items, such as receipts and delivery and arrival times to customers. However, internally problems related to excessive spending on operating expenses and less reliable tracking and tracing information exist due to errors in the information acquisition and link handling processes, leading to unnecessarily duplicated tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose process optimization method for improving the quality of tracking and tracing information for registered mail items. We analyzed the process and information control system of the current registered mail service and identified the basic causes of the existence of less reliable tracking and tracing information. And we present optimized mail handling and information management process for removing internal problems. Test results using tracking and tracing information examples show a significant performance of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2010

This paper proposes the recommendation system which is advanced using RFM method and Association Rules in e-Commerce. Using a implicit method which is not used user's profile for rating, it is necessary for user to keep the RFM score and Association Rules about users and items based on the whole purchased data in order to recommend the items. This proposing system is possible to advance recommendation system using RFM method and Association Rules for cross-selling, and also this system can avoid the duplicated recommendation by the cross comparison with having recommended items before. And also, it's efficient for them to build the strategy for marketing and crm(customer relationship management). It can be improved and evaluated according to the criteria of logicality through the experiment with dataset collected in a cosmetic cyber shopping mall. Finally, it is able to realize the personalized recommendation system for one to one web marketing in e-Commerce.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2008

This paper proposes the recommendation system which is a new method using RFM method in mobile internet environment. Using a implict method which is not used user's profile for rating, is not used complicated query processing of the request and the response for rating, it is necessary for user to keep the RFM score about users and items based on the whole purchased data in order to recommend the items. As there are some problems which didn't exactly recommend the items with high purchasablity for new customer and new item that do not have the purchase history data. in existing recommendation systems, this proposing system is possible to solve existing problems, and also this system can avoid the duplicated recommendation by the cross comparison with the purchase history data. It can be improved and evaluated according to the criteria of logicality through the experiment with dataset, collected in a cosmetic cyber shopping mall. Finally, it is able to realize the personalized recommendation system with high purchasablity for one to one web marketing through the mobile internet.