• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-62
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• 2009

Glenditsia spina (GS) can resolve carbuncle, relive swelling, dispel wind and destroy parasites. For these reasons, GS has been widely used as dermatologic agent clinically. In this study, the specific pathways of anti-proliferative effect of GS on human derived melanoma cells were identified. The molecular profile was measured using microarray technique to identify up- or down-regulated genes in SK-MEL-2 cell line. Pathway analysis was done by listing percentage of pathway involvement, and the represented pathways were obtained from KEGG. The transcription factor binding sequences were obtained by Transfac database. By the promoter analysis, up-regulated genes by GS were mainly associated with MAPK, Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Wnt, Focal adhesion and Long term potentiation pathway. Down-regulated genes by GS were mainly associated with MAPK and Antigen processing and presentation pathway. And some of the transcription factors like Sp1 and NF-Y in up-regulated genes and Oct-1 in down-regulated genes by GS also identified.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.134-141
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• 2016

Dampening in printing is not only used with plain water but also used with various substances like dampening additive, in order to improve the wetting property by lowering the surface tension and to control material for modifing the ink transfer characteristic with proper emulsification. We have studied the printing quality according to these, looking into interrelationship among the dampening solution's pH, electrical conductivity and IPA content, prescribing the proper usage and minimum usage of fountain solution and dampening additive. In this study, it shows good result when mixing at the 7 wt% dampening with additive solution, which is result from the color density of printed sheets in accordance with the change of dampening solution condition. And the printed density value calculated 1 hour after printing, it shows relatively safe value at the etch liquid 4 wt% and IPA addition 2 wt%. The dry down at this test showed similar results regardless of various dampening conditions on coated paper, but in case of uncoated paper, the dry down showed a quite gap of different due to the fast penetration to the paper.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1226-1231
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• 2014

The rare actinomycete Pseudonocardia autotrophica was previously shown to produce a solubility-improved toxicity-reduced novel polyene compound named $\underline{N}ystatin$-like $\underline{P}seudonocardia$ $\underline{P}olyene$ (NPP). The low productivity of NPP in P. autotrophica implies that its biosynthetic pathway is tightly regulated. In this study, $wblA_{pau}$ was isolated and identified as a novel negative regulatory gene for NPP production in P. autotrophica, which showed approximately 49% amino acid identity with a global antibiotic down-regulatory gene, wblA, identified from various Streptomycetes species. Although no significant difference in NPP production was observed between P. autotrophica harboring empty vector and the S. coelicolor wblA under its native promoter, approximately 12% less NPP was produced in P. autotrophica expressing the wblA gene under the strong constitutive $ermE^*$ promoter. Furthermore, disruption of the $wblA_{pau}$ gene from P. autotrophica resulted in an approximately 80% increase in NPP productivity. These results strongly suggest that identification and inactivation of the global antibiotic down-regulatory gene wblA ortholog are a critical strategy for improving secondary metabolite overproduction in not only Streptomyces but also non-Streptomyces rare actinomycete species.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.28-37
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• 2011

Though Korea has introduced CBP(Cost Based pool) power trading system since 2001, long-term Generation system planning has been executed by government for Cost minimization every 2 years. Until currently the model which is used for Generation system planning and best-mix only considers cost minimization and total yearly or quarterly electricity demand every year. In a view point of one day power supply operation, technical characteristics, like the ramp up/down rate of total generation system, minimum up/down time and GFRQ(Governor Free Response Quantity), are very important. this paper analyzes Optimal Fuel-Mix for 2022 Korea generation system satisfying these constraints of each fuel type and considering pump storage plants, construction cost and $CO_2$ emission charge Using MILP(Mixed Integer Linear Programming) method. Also the sensitivity analysis which follows in future power industry environmental change accomplished.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 1996

The present study was attempted to investigate and to evaluate various hydrocolloids as a stabilizer in improving texture of the frozen yogurt. Four kinds of hydrocolloids used in this study were CMC (carboxymethyll cellulose), PGA(propylene glycol alginate), LMP(low methoxyl pectin), and the combination of LBG(locust bean gum) and GG(guar gum). The viscosity of frozen yogurt mixes did not show any significant differences among four samples at 5$^{\circ}C$. However, as the temperature increased up to 50$^{\circ}C$, theviscosity of frozen yogurt mixes containing CMC, LMP, PGA decreased drastically except frozen yogurt containing the combination of LBG+GG. The overrun of frozen yogurt containing each hydrocolloid gradually increased and reached to about 53, 50, 54, and 35%, respectively, after 40 min of operating ice cream freezer. As the result of sensory evaluation in the texture of frozen yogurt and melt-down quality, the sample containing LMP was described as the most coarce & icy, crumbly, and sand-like characters. On the other hand, PGA sample was evaluated as not being icy, crumbly, but being chewy and soft in texture. However, any significant differences among four samples were not shown in melt-down quality.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2009

Polygoni multiflori Ramulus (PM), the stem of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of lots of diseases. In macrophages, nitric oxide is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions in inflammation. In the present study, it was investigated that the inhibitory effects on NO and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the mechanism of down-regulation of immune response by 85% methanol extracts of PM in mouse (C57BL/6) peritoneal macrophages. Extracts of PM (0.1, 1 mg/ml) suppressed NO production and showed inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and it attenuated iNOS and COX-2 expression via down-regulation of NF-${\kappa}$B activation. The present results indicate that the 85% methanol extracts of PM has an inhibitory effect on the production of NO through down-regulation of iNOS expression in LPS stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages and therefore may be beneficial in diseases which related to macrophage-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2008

In this paper we proposed a new source-drain structure for N-type MOSFET which can suppress the output resistance reduction of a device in saturation region due to soft break down leakage at high drain voltage when the gate is biased around relatively low voltage. When a device is generally used as a switch at high gate bias the current level is very important for the operation. but in electronic circuit like an amplifier we should mainly consider the output resistance for the stable voltage gain and the operation at low gate bias. Hence with T-SUPREM simulator we designed devices that operate at low gate bias and high gate bias respectively without a extra photo mask layer and ion-implantation steps. As a result the soft break down leakage due to impact ionization is reduced remarkably and the output resistance increases about 3 times in the device that operates at the low gate bias. Also it is expected that electronic circuit designers can easily design a circuit using the offered N-type MOSFET device with the better output resistance.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.793-803
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• 2021

The small PWR has been paid more and more attention due to its diversity of application and flexibility in the site selection. However, the large core power density, the small containment space and the rapid accident progress characteristics make it difficult to control the containment pressure like the traditional PWR during the LOCA. The pressure suppression system has been used by the BWR since the early design, which is a suitable technique that can be applied to the small PWR. Since the configuration and operating conditions are different from the BWR, the pressure suppression system should be redesigned for the small PWR. Conducting the experiments on the scale down test facility is a good choice to reproduce the prototypical phenomena in the test facility, which is both economical and reasonable. A systematic scaling method referring to the H2TS method was proposed to determine the geometrical and thermohydraulic parameters of the pressure suppression containment response test facility for the small PWR conceptual design. The containment and the pressure suppression system related thermohydraulic phenomena were analyzed with top-down and bottom-up scaling methods. A set of the scaling criteria were obtained, through which the main parameters of the test facility can be determined.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2022

Objectives: In recent decades, the trend for treating diabetes mellitus (DM) has shifted toward alternative medicines that are obtained from plant sources. Existing literature suggests that phenolic compounds derived from plants possess promising health-promoting properties. This study aimed to discuss the role of plant-derived phenolic compounds in the effective treatment and management of diabetes. Methods: Information about plant secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds, and their role in the treatment and management of diabetes was collected from different databases, such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords like secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds, simple phenol, flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes, and diabetes were searched. Research and review articles with relevant information were included in the study. Results: Anti-diabetic studies of the four major classes of phenolic compounds were included in this review. The plant-derived phenolic compounds were reported to have potent anti-diabetic activities. However, each class of phenolic compounds was found to behave differently according to various mechanisms. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that phenolic compounds derived from natural sources display promising anti-diabetic activities. Based on the available information, it can be concluded that phenolic compounds obtained from various natural sources play key roles in the treatment and management of diabetes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.73-83
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• 2009

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) is currently used connection-oriented protocol as a typical transport layer protocol in the Internet. However, it has deficiency not be able to communicate with other TCP entities when any link included in the path is down because of single-homing on single path. SCTP(Stream Control Transmission Protocol) suggested as the new transport layer protocol supports multi-homing feature, which provides several paths between source and destination. It can communicate with other SCTP entities using alternate path even when any link on the primary path is down. This paper aims to measure and analyze the multi-homing effect of SCTP over TCP in case of link-down using NS-2 simulator. We classify SCTP into $SCTP_{single-homing}$ and $SCTP_{multi-homing}$ because SCTP with single-homing can also be used like TCP. We measured throughput and bandwidth utilization varying link-down duration, bandwidth, and RTT(round trip time), Simulation results show that throughput of $SCTP_{multi-homing}$ is more than that of TCP by 18 % on average. It is also shown that $SCTP_{multi-homing}$ on varying RTT and bandwidth increases the throughput of TCP by 'l7% and 9% on average, respectively in the link-down environment. In above cases, more or less difference between $SCTP_{single-homing}$ and TCP on throughput and bandwidth utilization was found To summarize, multi-homing effect of SCTP over TCP on throughput is about 18 % on average in the link-down environment This experimental result can be used as the benchmark in order to estimate the multi-homing effect of SCTP over TCP when the link-down happens in the real Internet.