• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.65-82
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• 1998

To investigate the difference of sweating reaction by the somato types, we measured total sweat rate, local sweat rate, skin temperature, physiological reaction and psychological reaction at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $29{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under laboratory conditons. Nine healthy adult females were divided into three somato types : slender (3), normal (3) and obese (3). The results were as follows ; Total sweat rate was highest in the obese type, followed by the normal and slender types in order. Local sweat rate was highest in the infrascapular area, and then came breast, the back of the hand, upper ann, anterior leg, and anterior thigh in all somato types. Mean skin temperature was highest in the slender type, and followed the normal and obese types. Rectal temperature, blood pressure and pulse rate were highest in the obese type. Psychological reaction appeared 'hot', 'humid', 'sweaty' as ambient temperature went up. Somato types made little difference in psychological reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.4
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• pp.85-95
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• 1998

In this paper, a new watermarking method for a copy protectionof images is proposed. The proposed method adaptively embeds a watermark in the frequency domain of images using human visual system model. For this purpose, the Just Noticeable Differences(JNDs) of each frequency coeffeicient value of a luminance plane is first found using Watson and Solomon's visual system model. An invisible maximum watermark value with is different in every position according to the characteristics of images is determined usig JND and Minkowski metric. A low frequency domain is divided into two sets based on a PN-sequence to protect thewatermark from the attack. The watermarks are added to one set of coefficients and detecting a watermark, the difference between the mean values of absolute coefficient values of both sets is calculated. The embedded watermark is tested using statistical hypothesis based on test static dertermined by the ean difference. To demonstrate the perfromance of the proposed method, the new watermarking method is applied to a high frequency image and low frequency images. Experimenatal results show the watermark is invisible and robust to JPEGlossy compression and noise.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1977

The author evaluated physical psychological and socio-economical problems of the elderly, using interview and Cornell Medical Index. The subjects were 160 aged Persons (above 65 years old). who were divided into two groups-80 in home, 80 in an asylum for the aged The mean CMI scores are as follows: 1. The total subjects was 45.04 and the asylum group was found higher then the home group. 2. The female group was higher than the male group. 3. The single group was higher than the group who has spouse. 4. There was significant difference according to the economic state. 5. There was significant difference according to the degree of the activities on daily living.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2010

This study examined the relative effect of participative and assigned goal-setting on team performance quantity and trend. Participants were 30 college students. They were divided into 15 pairs considering individual typing speed. Members in each pair were randomly assigned to the two experimental conditions. Participants were asked to type materials for 19 days. The dependent variable was the number of words typed. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in performance quantity between the two conditions. However, the average percentage of goal accomplishment under participative goal-setting condition was higher than that under assigned goal-setting condition. Also, the results showed that the difference in trend between two conditions was statistically significant.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 2001

Purpose This study was designed co determine the possibility of HLA typing in the objeccification of constitution. Methods We selected 100 patients who showed Taeyang characteristics, and divided them into Soum-inclined group and Soyang-inclined group. HLA-A, B, DRBI typing was perfomed by ARMS-PCR and PCR-SSOP method. Results Taeyang characteristic group as a whole showed significant difference in A1, A11, B37, B70/71, DRBI*15,DRB1*14 alleles in comparison with normal control group. Soum-inclined group showed significant difference in All, B70/71, Soyang-inclined group in DRBl*15, hard drinker group in DRBl*15, DRBl*13, drink-rejecting group in All, B37, DRBl*7, DRB1*14 in comparison with normal control group. Conclusion : There were significant relations between constitutional information and HLA types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.314-325
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to classify the types of consumers' emotion experienced in-store by shopping motivation and to examined the effects of store environmental factors on emotion and on shopping behavior. The questionnaires were administered to 330 women shopped in department store. Data from 299 women were analyzed by using frequency t-test and regression analysis by SPSS for windows PC program The results of this study were as follows : 1. The consumers' emotion experienced in -store were composed of five factors. But it could be divided by positive negative factors. 2. There was not significant difference in positive emotion between he Product Pu-rchasing Motive Group and the Window Shopping Motive Group. But there was significant difference n negative emotion between two groups. 3. It was found that the effect of environmental factors of apparel store on emotion was significant in both groups. Especially salespeoples' pressure significantly influenced negative emotion in both groups. 4. The emotion experienced in -store significantly influenced clothing shopping behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2009

This paper presents the safety performance of domestic small-sized construction companies including the characteristic and current status of safety management actions of the firms. Safety performance both at the head office and job sites of each construction companies, which are divided two groups by construction capacity ranking, are investigated. The investigation results on the small-sized construction companies in this study was compared with those of on the large and medium-sized construction companies studied in existing papers. General recognition that there is a wide difference of safety performance among domestic construction companies by construction capacity ranking was companies by this study. Especially, Data analysis shows that the safety performance of the small-sized companies has the larger difference than large and midium-sized companies.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.29-34
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• 2007

Discomfort glare from windows is an important issue in window and daylighting design. This study aims to investigate the effect of luminance difference between the lower and the upper part of a large glare source. Experiments were conducted using a luminous body divided into two parts, the upper part and the lower part. The degree of discomfort glare from the luminous body was examined. The result shows that the part with lower luminance is perceived as a glare source when the part has higher luminance then the background luminance. The degree of discomfort glare was estimated for the experimental conditions, and compared to the observations. The estimation was made using two methods: one summed the glare sensation for each section, and the other used the average luminance of the whole luminous body. The result of the comparison shows that the method using the average luminance has approximate values to the observations. Consequently, the use of the average luminance was proposed for evaluation of discomfort glare from non-uniform large glare sources.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2003

Objectives : To compare the reduction of thigh circumference between electro acupuncture treatment group and no treatment controlled group. Method : Trial was carried out 24 volunteers for 2 weeks. Volunteers were divided into 2 groups ; electro acupuncture and very low calorie diet group(n=8) or only very low calorie diet group(n=9). The main outcome of measure was the reduction of thigh circumference(cm) per weight loss(kg). Result: The main outcome measure showed no significant difference(p=0.14). There was no significant difference in weight loss(p=0.67) either.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.148-152
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in self-reflection and insight according to the performance level of college athletes. A total of 395 (210 male, 185 female) college athletes from 6 universities were sampled. The level of performance was divided into upper, middle, and lower groups based on the results of matches played in the past 1 year. To measure self-reflection and insight, THE SELF-REFLECTION AND INSIGHT SCALE developed by Grant et al. [4] was used. As a result, there was a statistically significant difference according to the level of performance, and as a result of post-hoc(scheffe) analysis, the upper group of performance was higher than that of the middle group and the lower group.