• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1664-1672
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to measure genetic diversity and to determine the relationships among fourteen goose breeds. Methods: Microsatellite markers were isolated from the genomic DNA of geese based on previous literature. The DNA segments, including short tandem repeats, were tested for their diversity among fourteen populations of geese. The diversity was tested on both breeds and loci level and by mean of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and structure program, phylogenetic tree and population structure were tested. Results: A total of 108 distinct alleles (1%) were observed across the fourteen breeds, with 36 out of the 108 alleles (33.2%) being unique to only one breed. Genetic parameters were measured per the 14 breeds and the 9 loci. Medium to high heterozygosity was reported with high effective numbers of alleles (Ne). Polymorphic information contents (PIC) of the screened loci was found to be highly polymorphic for eleven breeds; while 3 breeds were reported moderately polymorphic. Breeding coefficient ($F_{IS}$) ranged from -0.033 to 0.358, and the pair wise genetic differentiation ($F_{ST}$) ranged from 0.01 to 0.36 across the fourteen breeds; for the 9 loci observed and expected heterozygosity, and Ne were same as the breeds parameters, PIC of the screened loci reported 6 loci highly polymorphic and 3 loci to be medium polymorphic, and $F_{IS}$ ranged from -0.113 to 0.368. In addition, genetic distance estimate revealed a close genetic distance between Canada goose and Hortobagy goose breeds by 0.04, and the highest distance was between Taihu goose and Graylag goose (anser anser) breed by 0.54. Conclusion: Cluster analyses were made, and they revealed that goose breeds had hybridized frequently, resulting in a loss of genetic distinctiveness for some breeds.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권2_2호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to provide the dynamic convergence index that reflected the inherent characteristics of the convergence phenomenon and utilized the nationally-funded R&D projects data, thereby suggesting useful information about the direction of the national convergence R&D strategy. The dynamic convergence index that we suggested was made of two indicators: persistency and diversity. From a time-series perspective, the persistency index, which measures the degree of continuous convergence of multidisciplinary nationally-funded R&D projects, and the diversity index, which measures the degree of binding with heterogeneous research areas. We conducted the empirical experiment with 151,248 convergence R&D projects during the 2015~2021 time period. The results showed that convergence R&D projects in both public health and life sciences appeared the highest degree of persistency. It was presumed that the degree of persistency has increased again due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the degree of diversity has risen with combining with disciplinary such as materials, chemical engineering, and brain science areas to solve social problems including mental health, depression, and aging. This study not only provides implications for improving the concept and definition of dynamic convergence in terms of persistency and diversity for national convergence R&D strategy but also presented dynamic convergence index and analysis methods that can be practically applied for directing public R&D programs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1121-1128
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity and population structure of Mongolian horse populations according to the province of residence (Khentii, KTP; Uvs, USP; Omnogovi and Dundgovi, GOP; Khovsgol, KGP) using 14 microsatellite (MS) markers. Methods: A total of 269 whole blood samples were obtained from the four populations (KTP, USP, GOP, KGP) geographically distinct provinces. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted using 14 MS markers (AHT4, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG6, HTG7, and VHL20), as recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics. Capillary electrophoresis was conducted using the amplified PCR products, alleles were determined. Alleles were used for statistical analysis of genetic variability, Nei's DA genetic distance, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), factorial corresponding analysis (FCA), and population structure. Results: On average, the number of alleles, expected heterozygosity (H_Exp), observed heterozygosity (H_Obs), and polymorphic information content among all populations were 11.43, 0.772, 0.757, and 0.737, respectively. In the PCoA and FCA, GOP, and KGP were genetically distinct from other populations, and the KTP and USP showed a close relationship. The two clusters identified using Nei's DA genetic distance analysis and population structure highlighted the presence of structurally clear genetic separation. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that genetic diversity between KTP and USP was low, and that between GOP and KGP was high. It is thought that these results will help in the effective preservation and improvement of Mongolian horses through genetic diversity analysis and phylogenetic relationships.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1508-1516
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• 2023

Objective: To carry out a comprehensive production planning of the existing Rongchang pig population from both environmental and genetic aspects, and to establish a closed population with stable genetic diversity and strict pathogen control, it is necessary to fully understand the genetic background of the population. Methods: We genotyped 54 specific pathogen free (SPF) Rongchang pigs using the Zhongxin-1 Porcine Breeding Array PLUS, calculated their genetic diversity parameters and constructed their families. In addition, we also counted the runs of homozygosity (ROH) of each individual and calculated the value of inbreeding coefficient based on ROH for each individual. Results: Firstly, the results of genetic diversity analysis showed that the effective population size (N_e) of this population was 3.2, proportion of polymorphic markers (P_N) was 0.515, desired heterozygosity (H_e) and observed heterozygosity (H_o) were 0.315 and 0.335. H_o was higher than H_e, indicating that the heterozygosity of all the selected loci was high. Secondly, combining the results of genomic relatedness analysis and cluster analysis, it was found that the existing Rongchang pig population could be divided into four families. Finally, we also counted the ROH of each individual and calculated the inbreeding coefficient value accordingly, whose mean value was 0.09. Conclusion: Due to the limitation of population size and other factors, the genetic diversity of this Rongchang pig population is low. The results of this study can provide basic data to support the development of Rongchang pig breeding program, the establishment of SPF Rongchang pig closed herd and its experimental utilization.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2023

팬데믹 이후 '평등'이 사회적 화두로 다시금 제기되면서 교육평등에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 교육평등 실행 방안의 탐색을 위해 PISA2012 자료를 활용하여 다양성 수용수업이 저소득층 학생들의 수학성취도에 주는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 다양성 수용 수업은 저소득층 학생들의 수학성취도와 정적 상관관계를 가지며 다양성 수용 수업이 교사-학생 관계를 매개로 하여 저소득층 학생의 수학성취도에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 논문의 분석 결과는 학생의 다양성을 수용하고 교사가 학생과 지속적 돌봄의 관계를 형성하며 학생의 잠재력을 개발하는 교수법이 저소득층 학생의 교육적 취약성을 보완하여 수학성취도를 높일 수 있음을 실증적으로 보여주었다는 점에서 중요성을 찾을 수 있다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 하여 다양성 수용 수업의 효과에 대한 실증적 검증을 다양한 취약 집단 학생의 수학성취도 분석으로 확장함으로써 다양성 수용 수업이 교육 평등 실행 방안으로서 갖는 효과성을 실증적으로 검증하기 위한 후속연구의 필요성을 제안하며 교육평등 실행을 위한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.449-465
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze menu patterns and food group diversity in daycare centers managed by the Center for Children's Foodservice Management in South Korea. Methods: Data from 18 Center for Children's Foodservice Management centers across various provinces (excluding Jeju Island) were analyzed. We examined 8,796 meals served in February, May, August, and December 2021, focusing on seasonal lunch and snack menus for children aged 3-5. Foods were categorized into 19 groups for lunch and 21 for snacks. The frequency of food groups and dietary patterns were assessed using the Dietary Diversity Score. Analyses were conducted using Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 28. Results: Most lunch menus (89%) included five menu items, with a ratio of grain, meat, and vegetables at 88%. Snack menus typically had one item (57%), with significantly more items in the afternoon compared to the morning (P < 0.001). Regarding snack patterns, 75.2% of morning snacks and 61.1% of afternoon snacks contained only one solid food and drink (P < 0.001). Fruit and milk (22.4%) was the most prevalent pattern in morning snacks, while grain and milk (31%) dominated afternoon snacks (P < 0.001). Only 48% of daycare center menus (all snacks and lunch) included all five food groups (grain, meat, vegetables, fruit, and milk). Notably, only 83% included milk and 57% included fruit. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to improve food variety and diversity in the Center for Children's Foodservice Management-managed daycare center menus. Developing more detailed guidelines for menu structure and food composition is crucial to ensure children receive balanced and diverse nutrition.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.591-599
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• 2024

Objective: Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle. Methods: Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed. Results: The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 토판염전 결정지에 서식하는 세균군집의 계통학적 다양성을 분석하고 culturomics법에 기반하여 고도 호염균의 다양성을 확보하고자 하였다. 토판염전 내 세균밀도를 조사한 결과, 직접검경법에 의한 생균수는 평판배양법에 비해 $10^3{\sim}10^4$ 배 이상 높은 계수치를 나타내어 배양이 곤란한 세균(viable but non-culturable bacteria, VBNC)이 다수 존재해 있음으로 판단되었다. 토판염전 결정지 내 세균군집 다양성 해석을 위해 배양비의존적 방법인 pyrosequencing 분자기법을 이용하였다. 세균군집의 경우 1,778 OTUs, 다양성 지수 6.16로 나타났으며, 18문46강85목140과 243속으로 확인되었다. Archaea군집은 643 OTUs, 다양성 지수 4.95로 3문6강7목7과 38속이 분포해 있음이 확인되었다. 고도 호염균 생육에 적합한 배양배지 및 배양조건을 고려한 총 59가지의 다양한 배양 방법을 이용하여 137균주를 순수 분리하였다. 분리된 고도호염균의 16S rRNA 유전자 분석결과, 총4문11속의 다양한 계통군으로 확인되었으며 호염성 archaea 계통군 Haloterrigena 속과 haloferax 속이 culturomics법을 통해 성공적으로 분리되었다. 고도 호염균 다양성 확보를 위해 culturomics법이 매우 효과적임을 밝혔다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2016

Various microflora, including lactic acid bacteria, are important and necessary components of various cheeses and have significant roles in cheese manufacturing and ripening. In general, the starter culture and secondary microflora could affect the physicochemical properties of various cheeses and could contribute to modifications during manufacturing and ripening. Therefore, during cheese manufacturing and ripening, microbial diversity may depend on continuous interactions among microflora and various environmental conditions. The microbial diversity of cheese is very complex and difficult to control using the classical microbiological techniques. However, recent culture-independent methods have been rapidly developed for microflora in cheese, which could be directly detected using DNA (and/or RNA) in combination with culture-dependent methods. Therefore, this review summarizes state-of-the-art molecular methods to analyze microbial communities in order to understand the properties that affect quality and ripening as well as the complex microbial diversity of various raw-milk, long-ripened cheeses.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2023

본 연구는 「제4차 건강가정기본계획」의 '가족다양성 인정'이라는 주요 정책 목표 하에 운영되고 있는 가족다양성 관련 사업에 대한 가족센터 실무자의 운영 경험을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 가족서비스 실무경험이 풍부한 시·군·구 가족센터의 센터장 혹은 중간관리자 12명을 대상으로 초점집단면접을 실시하였다. 초점집단면접 자료 분석은 중심주제분석(thematic analysis)을 사용하였다. 분석 결과를 통해 가족센터 실무자들은 가족 정책 환경 변화에 따라 가족다양성 개념을 이해하고 가족센터 운영에 여러 형태로 적용하고 있음을 발견하였다. 그러나 가족다양성 적용을 고려한 사업 운영 과정에서 다양한 가족 사업을 위한 자원 부족, 개별 가족서비스 목표와 가족다양성 관련 사업 목표 간의 갈등, 다양한 가족 대상자 발굴의 어려움 등을 경험하고 있었다. 향후 가족다양성 관련 서비스 확대를 위해 가족다양성에 대한 종사자 교육, 지역 특성을 반영한 가족 사업 운영, 다양한 가족 이해 및 인식개선 프로그램 확대와 다양한 가족이 함께 어우러질 수 있는 사업 주제 발굴 등과 같은 운영 방식의 변화, 가족센터 홍보 강화 및 대상자 확대, 가족다양성 사업 운영을 위한 예산 확대 필요성을 강조하였다. 본 연구 결과는 가족다양성 적용과 확장을 위한 가족서비스 개편 근거 및 가족서비스 실무자가 가족다양성 관점을 적용한 가족 사업과 서비스를 기획하고 실행할 수 있는 업무 역량 강화를 위한 교육 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.