• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.403-416
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper was to analyze multicultural elements and propose measures to strengthen them in the 2009and the 2015 school curriculum. Based on Kim Cheong-ha (2015), the multi-cultural guidance elements and Bennett (2003:32-35) the target system and Choi Moo-sung and Kim Soon-ja (2009) were reconstructed and analyzed. Multicultural elements shown in the 2015 revised curriculum were analyzed for cultural diversity, recognition and tolerance, community awareness, and self-identity. The analysis targets analyzed multicultural elements of 'seeking human beings', 'core competences' and 'school organization and operation' during the elementary education curriculum in 2009. As a result of analyzing the multicultural elements of the former primary education process, 'cultural diversity' is 1,Recognition and tolerance'0, community spirit'3, and 'self-reliant'2 total6. In the new elementary school curriculum, 18 were analyzed as 'cultural diversity'1, 'Recognition and tolerance'1, 'community spirit'8, and 'self-identity'8. The first analysis of multi-cultural factors appearing in the new elementary school curriculum should include the addition of multicultural elements 'cultural diversity' and 'cultural diversity area' and 'education and tolerance' to the following: Second, to grow into a balanced multicultural society member, it proposes an enhanced multicultural curriculum in four areas: cultural diversity, recognition and tolerance, ccommunity spirit, and self-identity.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to analyze the genotype of black-spotted pond frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) using seven microsatellite loci to quantify its genetic diversity and population structure throughout the spatial scale of basins of Han, Geum, Yeongsan, and Nakdong Rivers in South Korea. Genetic diversities in these four areas were compared using diversity index and inbreeding coefficient obtained from the number and frequency of alleles as well as heterozygosity. Additionally, the population structure was confirmed with population differentiation, Nei's genetic distance, multivariate analysis, and Bayesian clustering analysis. Interestingly, a negative genetic diversity pattern was observed in the Han River basin, indicating possible recent habitat disturbances or population declines. In contrast, a positive genetic diversity pattern was found for the population in the Nakdong River basin that had remained the most stable. Results of population structure suggested that populations of black-spotted pond frogs distributed in these four river basins were genetically independent. In particular, the population of the Nakdong River basin had the greatest genetic distance, indicating that it might have originated from an independent population. These results support the use of genetics in addition to designations strictly based on geographic stream areas to define the spatial scale of populations for management and conservation practices.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2010

The focus of this study is to analyze between South Korea and China in terms of diversity in Management Information Systems research. As a result, there is herding phenomenon regarding researches in both of the countries compared to other previous studies. There also seemed to be lack of in-depth study of basic theories and connection to related field of study considering the broad topics of management information, unlike other international journals that pursue diversity in control referencing various methodologies, analysis units and many citations. Therefore, both South Korea and China should stabilize theoretical base of MIS through securing independent field of MIS along with founding the fundamentals by searching in diversified fields, methodologies and analysis units with focused topics. The upshot here is that with respect to diversity in MIS from both countries, to alleviate herding phenomenon, enforcing accuracy of data collection and reducing convenience pursuit should be implemented. Also as criteria to select a topic, different kinds of consulting concepts and taking social issues into consideration that helps tool development and analysis power should be done. Through varied methodologies, tool development and analysis power should be assisted and analysis unit should be shifted to organization unit for Korea and team or individual for China only to augment the accessibility. As a limitation for the paper is that the data used in this analysis is secondary data. In addition, although time period used in both countries were the same, object of analysis had homogeneity in Korean case while Chinese one having heterogeneity from 19 different journals. For the future studies, multicultural comparison or time series analysis and their comparison in deeper approach with regard to object of analysis and methodologies can contribute to further MIS diversity.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2009

Analysis of four microsatellite markers from Mud Crab Scylla serrata revealed that there is high level of genetic diversity within this species. Genetic diversity of S. serrata was calculated using allele diversity, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity (Het-exp), polymorphic information content, gene differentiation and Nei's $D_{A}$ distance. Mean polymorphic information content value was 0.797, which reflected high level of polymorphism across the loci of S. serrata. The Palau population has the highest genetic diversity (Het-exp=0.871), while the Kosrae population has the lowest genetic diversity (Hetexp=0.806). However, the geographical genetic distance among S. serrata populations from Yab, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Palau were low (0.2009${\sim}$0.3350). These results suggest that despite their wide distribution, S. serrata are no different in geographical genetic diversity within the five sampled locations.

• 한국전자파학회지:전자파기술
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1995

This paper derives the symbol error rate (SER) for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with L-fold selection combining (SC) space diversity in Rayleigh fading channel. No analysis has been reported yet for theoretical SER performance of QAM with SC space diversity in Rayleigh fading channels. The formula is obtained by averaging the symbol error probability of M-ary QAM in an additive white Gaussian noise channel over the distribution of the maximum signal-to-noise ratio among all of the diversity channels. By giving the order of diversity, L, and the number of signal points, M, we have been able to obtain the SER performance of QAM with general SC space diversity. Analytical results show that the probability of error decreases with the order of diversity. We can also see that the incremental diversity gain per additional diversity decreases as the number of branches becomes larger.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2014

다문화사회에서 다문화교육을 담당하고 있는 교사에게 문화다양성 교육에 대한 인식의 전환이 요구되고 2011개정 교육과정 가정과교육에서 다문화적 가치를 강조하고 있는 시점에서 본 연구는 실제 교육을 담당하고 있는 가정과교사를 160명을 대상으로 설문지법으로 2013년 1월 7일부터 1월 25일까지 문화다양성 교육에 대한 인식을 조사하여 분석해보았다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 가정과교사의 문화다양성 교육은 문화 형평성, 다문화 적용, 다양성 가치, 다양성 적응의 4요인으로 나타났으며, 조사대상자는 다양한 문화에 대한 동등한 활동을 제공하는 문화 형평성을 가장 높게 인식하였고, 다음으로 다양성 적용, 다양성 가치, 다양성 적응 순으로 인식하였다. 다음으로 가정과교사의 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 문화다양성 교육에 대한 인식의 차이를 조사한 결과, 문화다양성 중 다양성 적용에서는 40대 교사가 높게 인식하였다. 근무지역에 따라 전북지역 외의 교사가 전북지역의 교사보다 문화 형평성, 다양성 적용, 다양성 가치를 높게 인식하였으며, 문화 형평성과 다양성 적용에서 15년 이상의 교직 경력을 가진 교사가 높게 인식하였다. 사범대학에서 자격증을 취득한 교사가 비사범대학에서 자격증을 취득한 교사보다 문화 형평성, 다양성 가치, 다양성 적응이 높게 나타났으며, 다문화교육이 필요하다는 교사가 필요하지 않다는 교사보다 문화 형평성, 다양성 적용, 다양성 적응이 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 제언해볼 때, 조사대상 가정과교사들은 학생들의 문화다양성 교육을 이해하고 수용할 자세를 지니고 있었으며, 다문화적 특성을 지니고 있는 교실에서 학생들 사이에 공존하는 문화적 매개자이자 조정자의 역할을 수행할 수 있다고 본다. 또한 가정과교사들은 다문화사회에서 문화 형평성이나 다양성 적용과 같은 문화다양성 교육에 대해 높은 인식을 지니고 있었다. 단지 근무지역에 따라 문화다양성 교육에 대한 인식에 차이를 보였으며, 연령, 교직경력, 다문화교육의 교육적 경험, 자격증 취득 경로 등에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 앞으로 문화다양성 교육에 대한 인식이 높은 가정과교사들이 교육현장에서 보다 효율적인 다문화교육을 실시하기 위해서는 체계적인 교사양성교육과 문화다양성 교육에 대한 교사 재교육적 측면에서의 교사연수가 다양하게 실시되어져야 한다고 본다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

In this paper, the derivation of the protection ratio for the digital microwave system with diversity is newly suggested for a basic guidance of initial planning for frequency coordination, and computational results are presented for an actual radio frequency band. The net filter discrimination has been also examined to see the effect of the adjacent channel protection ratio caused by adjacent channel interference. In addition, the protection ratios for the space or frequency diversity system are analyzed in terms of diversity improvement factors to find out an equivalent allowable noise-to-interference ratio (N/I) from degraded fade margin. According to results for 6.2 GHz system, with the space diversity of 25 m distance between antennas or the frequency diversity of ${\Delta}f/f=0.05$, under 64-QAM and 60 km at BER $10^{-6}$, the protection ratio can be greatly reduced in comparison to the non-diversity system. So, assuming that only the same protection ratio as the non-diversity system is kept, it is shown that the system with diversity may get more interference level of N/I allowing from 9.0 to - 5.9 dB or from 6.0 to - 4.3 dB for the space or frequency diversity. In consequence, it is concluded that the diversity system is more robust or tolerable for interferences or fades, which may play an important role in overcoming N/I to some extent.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.336-346
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• 2013

Amaranth (Amaranthus sp. L.) is an important group of plants that includes grain, vegetable, and ornamental types. Centers of diversity for Amaranths are Central and South America, India, and South East Asia, with secondary centers of diversity in West and East Africa. The present study was performed to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 75 amaranth accessions: 65 from South America and 10 from South Asia as controls using 14 SSR markers. Ninety-nine alleles were detected at an average of seven alleles per SSR locus. Model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of two subpopulations and 3 admixtures, which was consistent with clustering based on the genetic distance. The average major allele frequency and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.42 and 0.39, respectively. According to the model-based structure analysis based on genetic distance, 75 accessions (96%) were classified into two clusters, and only three accessions (4%) were admixtures. Cluster 1 had a higher allele number and PIC values than Cluster 2. Model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of two subpopulations and three admixtures in the 75 accessions. The results of this study provide effective information for future germplasm conservation and improvement programs in Amaranthus.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권11C호
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• pp.1111-1118
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• 2007

본 논문은 다중 사용자 시스템에서 좋은 채널을 가진 사용자를 선택함으로써 얻을 수 있는 다이버시티, 즉 다중 사용자 다이버시티로부터 증대되는 처리율 (throughput)에 대해 새로운 접근 방식을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이와 같은 다중 사용자 다이버시티 이득으로부터 도출되는 처리율의 증가를 근사적 형태의 식으로 유도하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 Puiseux 급수를 이용하였고 이를 통해 단순화된 맺음식 (closed form)의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 결과식은 다중 사용자 다이버시티 이득이 신호 대 잡음비 (SNR)에 독립적이라는 것을 보여주고 있다. 또한 본 논문에서는 위의 결과를 Max C/I과 proportional fair scheduling과 같은 스케줄링 알고리즘에 확대 적용하였다. 그리고 제시한 결과식을 모의실험과 비교하여 검증하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2020

The objective of this paper is to explore how board gender diversity affects corporate sustainability performance. Therefore, this paper examines the direct association between board gender diversity with corporate sustainability performance and the mediation effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) on this association. The study employed a cross-sectional survey method. Data were collected from annual reports, websites, and through the questionnaires that were distributed to Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) of all the listed companies of Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh. The partial least square technique of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach was employed for data analysis. The result did not find support for the direct association between board gender diversity and sustainability performance in Bangladesh context. This implies that contextual factors, such as, male-dominant board, appointment of female directors based on family ties, lack of education and expertise etc. may discount gender diversity direct influence on sustainability performance. However, the study finds strong support for the mediating role of ERM use within the corporate structure. Further analysis of indirect effect suggests that ERM use mediates the relationship of board gender diversity and sustainability performance in full. This implies that in the Bangladesh context effective use of ERM is highly recommended.