• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-107
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• 1989

This study was designed to evaluate current level of school health practice in Chonbuk province and to analyze the relationship between school health practice and variables. All the subjects in this study were 140 schools themselves in Chonbuk province. Survey data was collected through the interviewed checklists from the widly accepted school health responsibilities of administration and practice and the direct observation by the interviewer. It was conducted from 1st of Nov. to 17 th of Dec, 1988. The major findings of this study are as follows: A. Level of school health practice was relatively low in score (Mean=64.5). $\cdot$ Healthful School Living -76.14 $\cdot$ School Health Service -71.29 $\cdot$ School Health Instruction -47.98 B. Strengths and Weakness field in School Health Practice. 1. Healthful School Living: Strengths: Waste disposal, Seating, Playground. Weakness: School site, Safety control. 2. School Health Service : Strenths : Health Appraisal, Follow up and Counseling. Weakness: Dental Health, Prevention and Control of Communicable Disease, Facilities and Equipment of Health Clinic. 3. School Health Instruction : Strength : None, Weakness : Program Organization, Curriculum Planning and Evaluation, Curriculum Content, Instructional Aids. C. Significance between degree of School Health Practice and Variables. 1. Healthful School Living : (1) Toilet : Area (p<0.001), No.of Class (p<0.001), School Nurse (p<0.05) (2) Water Supply : School Nurse (p<0.05) (3) Safety Control : School Nurse (p<0.05) 2. School Health Service : (1) Health Appraisal : School Nurse (p<0.05) (2) Follow up and Counseling : School Nurse (p<0.001) (3) Dental Health : Area (p<0.05), Level of School (p<0.05) (4) Prevention and Control of Communicable Disease : Level of School (p<0.001), School Nurse (p<0.05) (5) Emergency Care : Area (p<0.001), No. of Class (p<0.001), School Nurse(p<0.001) (6) Facilities and Equipment of Clinic : Level of School (p<0.001), No.of Class (p<0.001), School Nurse (p<0.001) 3. School Health Instruction: (1) Program Organization : No. of Class (p<0.05), School Nurse (p<0.001) (2) Curriculum Planning land Evaluation : School Nurse (p<0.001) (3) Instructional Aids : Level of School (p<0.001), School Nurse (p<0.05) Recommendation for the Improvement of School Health Practice are as follows : A. There should be further study to strengthen the school health practice, especially in the field of school health instruction. B. It is strictly required to employ and utilize school nurse at each school level not only for the school health service but also for the school health in struction. C. There should be much considerations about adequate size and easily accessible distance in school site.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.335-349
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• 2004

Recently, there is change the environment of education due to development of Science Technology Specially, As education information on web increased by internet, using education web data by mean of medium that aids learning by computer. Also It studied method that used the Computer as learning medium through the CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction), ICAI(Intelligent CAI), and ITS(Intelligent Tutoring System). But legacy system are not support efficient method that learns to vary learner suitable learning method by individual level. Specially It is not suitable the education course to direct current course of education, and not consider different of student capability, aptitude, need, interesting, not maximized the individual growable power and effect of education. To solve the this problem, our paper suggest the web-based self-directed MITS(Multimedia ITS) that supply the needed the information on web, make the environment that can self-directed learning. To maximized effect of individual learning, our paper structured coursed, characterized, related learning contents in region of numeral at mathematics of primary school. And then integrated contents and class, design and implement the web-based MITS that consist of 4 module to escape from limitation of learner grade, learning time, learning place.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.409-428
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• 1994

Endodontic surgery is performed when conventional endodontic therapy fails or is contraindicated. In such cases, retrograde filling materials including amalgam, composite resin, and various cements have been used. Biocompatibilty and margin sealing ability of retrograde filling materials are important for the long term success of endodontic surgery. In vitro cell culture is frequently used as the method of measuring the biocompatibilty of dental materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of six kinds of retrograde filling materials including newly developed light curing glass ionomer cements. Each material was mixed according to. the manufacture's instruction and evaluated as : freshly mixed, 24-hour after mixing, and 168-hour after mixing respectively. The elution solution was extracted after 24-hour contact with materials using media. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by direct contact, or elution contact. Test results of radiochromium($^{51}Cr$) release, cell viability using tetrazolium dye (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl dimethyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) test and lactate dehydrogenase(LD) of damaged L929 cells were analyzed. In the $^{51}Cr$ release of direct contact, all experimental retrograde filling materials except amalgam and glass ionomer cement showed increased cytotoxicity compared to control. In the $^{51}Cr$ release of elution solution, the released $^{51}Cr$ was so minimal that it was impossible. to evlauate the cytotoxicity exactly. The elution solutions of glass ionomer cement and IRM showed marked cytotoxicity in MTT test. LD enzyme activity was highest in tests of direct contact with composite, light curing composite, and light curing glass ionomer cement and IRM. Amalgam revealed least cytotoxicity while IRM showed cytotoxicity using all three methods. Composite, light curing composite and light curing glass iomomer cement were cytotoxic in the tests of $^{51}Cr$ release and LD activity. Glass ionomer cement showed cytotoxic effect only in the MTT method. From these results it is suggested that the standardization and optimization of cytotoxicity testing, especially using elution solutions, should be strongly advised.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.296-307
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• 2014

As an educational trial for pursuit of educational excellence in the disadvantaged gifted, this study was to explore learning styles and task preferences by student's grade and gender. Furthermore, this study sought to present the practical basis to develop programs for disadvantaged gifted students. Total 153 disadvantage gifted students responded items of the Learning Styles Inventory-III and the Task Preferences Scale, which responses were analyzed by student's grade and gender in using MANOVA. As the results, the 1st grade disadvantaged gifted students preferred Direct instruction, Technology, and Learning games to the higher grade level students. There were significant differences in task preferences by students' grade level. The 4th grade disadvantaged gifted students preferred Creative tasks and Difficult tasks more than other grade level students.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1083-1086
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• 2005

Modern superscalar processors exploit Instruction Level Parallelism to achieve high performance by speculative techniques such as branch prediction. The indirect branch target prediction is very difficult compared to the prediction of direct branch target and branch direction, since it has dynamically polymorphic target. We present a accurate and hardware-efficient indirect branch target predictor. It can reduce the tags which has to be stored in the Indirect Branch Target Cache without a sacrifice of the prediction accuracy. We implement the proposed scheme on SimpleScalar and show the efficiency running SPEC95 benchmarks.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.217-232
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• 2012

While many studies on early algebra have been conducted, there have been only a few studies on the operation sense as the fundamental element of algebraic thinking, especially the fraction operation sense. This study explored the dimensions of fraction operation sense and then investigated students' fraction operation sense. A total of 183 of sixth graders were surveyed and 5 students who showed high operation sense were clinically interviewed in order to analyze their algebraic thinking in detail. The results showed that students had a tendency to use direct calculation or employ inappropriate operation sense rather than to use the structure of operation or the relation between operations on the basis of algebraic thinking. This study implies that explicit instruction on early algebra is necessary from the elementary school years.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.283-304
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• 2019

This paper investigates what informal knowledge and strategies fifth-grade students brought to a classroom and how much they had potential to solve fraction division story problems. The findings show that most of the participants were engaged to understand the meaning of fraction division prior to their formal instruction at school. In order to solve the story problems, the informal knowledge related to fractions as well as division was actively utilized in student's strategies and justification. Students also used various informal strategies from mental calculation, direct modeling, to relational thinking. Formal instructions about fraction division at schools can be facilitated for sense-making of this complex fraction division conception by unpacking informal knowledge and thinking they might bring to the classrooms.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.227-234
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a think-aloud program for acquiring abstraction concept. Think-aloud is a technique, which is good for teaching higher-order thinking skills to learner. We intend to propose a program for teaching abstraction concept to learners directly, as software education is being reinforced in the current education policy. For the study, we develop a program depending on ADDIE model. According to these steps, we analyzed related works such as computational thinking, think-aloud technique, and direct instructional model. After that, we split and structuralized the learning tasks for achieving a goal. And then, we constructed steps for the instruction and detailed contents of the program. We did a survey for verification to nine experts and we corrected the program according to it.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.143-170
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• 2014

As it was argued that students' cognitive engagement can be, at least in part, modified by individual or learning environmental factors, prior studies have attempted to identify the factors explaining the variability of students' cognitive engagement. This literature review has shown that students' cognitive engagement can be altered by various elements in the learning environment design such as factors related students' perceptions of teaching quality, characteristics of tasks and learning activities, teachers' behaviors during instruction, classroom goal structures, the integration of student oriented learning, action learning, problem-based learning, and constructivist learning, and academic disciplines. Based on the review, this study suggests that more studies are required to focus on understandings how the integration of instructional design principles into courses and the levels of student cognitive engagement in these courses are related. Also, an investigation of direct and indirect effect of learning environments taking into account students' personal factors would provide a more accurate picture of the relationship between learning environmental factors and students' cognitive engagement.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.339-348
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the Kolb's learning style and preference for instructional methods of undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected from 174 students at a university in D city using a structured questionnaire from October 19 to October 21 2015. Learning style ratio of nursing students was accommodator 34.5%, converger 33.9%, assimilator 16.1%, diverger 15.5% and preference scores for instructional methods were discussion 7.27, direct instruction 7.26, peer teaching 7.22, independent study 6.54, project 6.25, instruction through technology 5.77, game 5.45, simulation 4.23. A significant difference was found in experience of flipped learning between four learning styles groups of nursing students. However, there was no significant difference in the preference of instructional methods between the four learning styles groups. Most of the students were in the middle range of the learning styles. The assessment of nursing students' learning styles is expected to help educator to plan teaching strategies.