• 멤브레인
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.148-156
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• 1998

이온교환막을 이용하는 확산투석은 농도차가 구동력인 막공정으로서 철강 산업, 금속 제련 산업, 전기 도금 산업 등으로부터 발생되어지는 폐산으로부터 염산 및 기타 산들을 회수하는데 사용된다. 이론적으로는 초기산 농도가 증가함에 따라 구동력인 농도차가 커지므로 선형적으로 산의 투과속도가 증가하게 된다. 그러나 염산의 경우 약 3 N 이상의 고농도 범위에서는 투과속도 증가율이 농도차가 커짐에 따라 감소하였다. 본 연구에서는 막흡수 실험과 확산투석조 실험을 통해 염산을 회수하기 위한 확산투석에 산의 농도가 미치는 영향과 농도 범위에 따른 음이온 교환막 내부에서의 산의 이동 기작을 고찰하였다. 실험 결과 저농도(<2 N)산의 경우에는 산의 분자확산, 그리고 고농도 (>2 N)산의 경우에는 수소이온 투과현상 (proton leakage)이 막에서의 지배적인 이동 기작임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 고농도 범위에서는 삼투압에 의한 물분자의 이동과 막의 탈수현상이 수소이온의 이동을 방해하므로 막에서의 산 플럭스 증가율이 감소하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2003

The stress and the heat-flux auto-correlation functions in the Green-Kubo formulas for shear viscosity and thermal conductivity have non-decaying long-time tails. This problem can be overcome by improving the statistical accuracy by N (number of particles) times, considering the stress and the heat-flux of the system as properties of each particle. The mean square stress and the heat-flux displacements in the Einstein formulas for shear viscosity and thermal conductivity are non linear functions of time since the quantities in the mean square stress and the heat-flux displacements are not continuous under periodic boundary conditions. An alternative to these quantities is to integrate the stress and the heat-flux with respect to time, but the resulting mean square stress and heat-flux displacements are still not linear versus time. This problem can be also overcome by improving the statistical accuracy. The results for transport coefficients of liquid argon obtained are discussed.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

This article covers the fundamentals of stress-induced diffusion, focusing on the theoretical model for hydrogen transport through self-stressed electrode. First, the relationship between hydrogen diffusion and macroscopic deformation of the electrode specimen was briefly introduced, and then it was classified into the diffusion-elastic and elasto-diffusive phenomena. Next, the transport equation for the flux of hydrogen caused simultaneously by both the concentration gradient and the stress gradient was theoretically derived. Finally, stress-induced diffusion was discussed on the basis of the numerical solutions to the derived transport equation under the permeable and impermeable boundary conditions.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.376-383
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• 2008

High-flux dialysis treatment removes various toxins via diffusion as well as convection, which is induced by ultrafiltration and backfiltration. In this study, in vitro (Using the distilled water and the bovine's blood) comparison test was performed to determine whether utilization of a high flux dialyzer paired with different pumps would increase the efficiency of convection. At the same blood flow rates, a pulsatile pump and a roller pump were employed to propel the distilled water and bovine whole blood to a high flux dialyzer. Pressures at the dialyzer inlet and outlet in the blood circuit and in the dialysate circuit were measured, respectively. From these data, we calculated the transmembrane pressure and predicted the ultrafiltration and backfiltration rates developed by both pumps. Using the bovine's blood experiment, ultrafiltration and backfiltration rates were 1.6 times higher with the pulsatile pump than with the roller pump. We conclude that utilization of a pulsatile pump in high flux hemodialysis treatments increases ultrafiltration volume, compared with a roller pump under conditions of the same blood flow rate.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2007년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.171-176
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• 2007

A comparative study on the treatment of the turbulent heat flux with the elliptic mlending second moment closure for a natural convection is performed. Four cases of different treating the turbulent heat flux are considered. Those are the generalized gradient diffusion hypothesis (GGDH) the algebraic flux model (AFM) and the differential heat flux model (DFM). These models are implemented in the computer code specially designed for evaluation of turbulent models. Calculations are performed for a turbulent natural convection in the 1:5 rectangular cavity and the calculated results are compared with the experimental data. The results show that three models produce nearly the same accuracy of solutions.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.80-93
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 확산을 이론적으로 정리하고, 확산에 관한 탐구실험을 개발하여 예비교사의 확산에 대한 이해를 조사하였다. 이 탐구실험을 수행한 3개 대학의 41명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였고, 이 중 20명이 면담에 참여했다. 탐구실험을 수행하는 과정에서 3개 모둠에서 6명의 실험과정을 녹음, 녹화하였다. 예비교사의 개념에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 면담과 녹음자료의 전사본, 보고서와 설문지, 확산에 대한 시험 답안지를 분석하였으며, 공동연구자와 결과에 대해 논의하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 분출과 확산 그리고 확산 중 등압확산과 등유량확산에 대해서 논의하였다. 둘째, 예비교사들은 분출과 확산 등을 Graham의 확산속도법칙에 의해 기계적으로 이해하고 있었으며 대부분의 학생들이 확산에 대한 오개념을 가지고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 탐구실험과정에서 예비교사들은 등압 및 등유량의 두 가지 확산실험에 대해 직접 관찰하였으나, 대부분의 경우 두 실험의 개념적 차이를 구별하는데 실패하였다. 탐구실험 후, 확산에 대한 개념의 수정이 이루어진 예비교사는 약 40%였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1156-1165
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• 2002

The characteristics of combustion and radiation heat transfer of an oxygen-enhanced diffusion flame was experimentally analyzed. An infrared radiation heat flux gauge was used to measure the thermal radiation of various types of flames with fuel, air and pure oxygen. And the Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) technique was applied to characterize the soot concentrations which mainly contribute to the continuum radiation from flame. The results show that an oxygen-enhanced inverse diffusion flame is very effective in increasing the thermal radiation compared to normal oxygen diffusion flame. This seems to be caused by overlapped heat release rate of double flame sheets formed in inverse flame and generation of higher intermediate soot in fuel rich zone of oxygen-fuel interface, which is desirable to increase continuum radiation. And the oxygen/methane reaction at slight fuel rich condition (ø=2) in oxygen-enhanced inverse flame was found to be more effective to generate the soot with moderate oxygen availability.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제21회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.101-112
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• 2000

An Experimental study of oxygen enriched double inversed diffusion flame was conducted to understand the flame characteristics and radiation heat transfer. The infrared radiation meter was used to measure of various combination of fuel, air and pure oxygen. The results show that oxygen enriched double inversed diffusion flame is very effective to increase of thermal radiation and proper addition of pure oxygen in air flow can intensity thermal radiation of flame. And it can be found that oxygen enriched double inversed diffusion flame could give benefits of cost effective and very high energy saving.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2009

In the present work transformation of dimensionless heat diffusion equation for the solution of moving boundary problems have been formulated. The formulation is based on 1-D, 2-D and 3-D, unsteady heat diffusion equations. These equations are rst turned int dimensionless form by using dimensionless quantities and their transformation was formulated in liquid and solid phases. The salient feature of this work is that during the transformation of dimensionless heat diffusion equation there arises a convective term $\tilde{v}$ which is responsible for the motion of interface in liquid as well as solid phase. In the transformed heat equation, a correction factor $\beta$ also arises naturally which gives the correct transformed flux at interface.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제45회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.335-338
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• 2012

The present study focuses mainly on modeling the ordinary diffusion flux of species. According to CHEMKIN, both the mixture-averaged approach, Fick's formula, and the full multicomponent approach are implemented in the framework of opensource OpenFOAM. Also the Stefan-Maxwell approach is coded and validated together against measurements of laminar hydrogen jet flame. In the case of viscosity and conductivity of mixture, the mixture-averaged approach is applied and thermal diffusion is not considered in this work. Results show that there are no distinct deviations in three different approaches of diffusion of species in the present hydrogen flame condition.