• 제목/요약/키워드: differential resistance

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국내 재배포장에서 수집한 뿌리혹병균(Plasmodiophora brassicae) 균주들에 대한 배추 품종들의 저항성 반응 (Resistance of Cultivars of Chinese Cabbage to Plasmodiophora brassicae Isolates of Several Races Collected in Korea)

  • 조수정;심선아;장경수;최용호;김진철;최경자
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.610-616
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    • 2011
  • Plasmodiphora brassicae에 의해 발생하는 뿌리혹병은 전세계 십자화과 작물에 많은 피해를 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 여러 지역으로부터 10개의 뿌리혹병균을 채집하여 Williams 판별품종을 이용하여 레이스를 검정하고, 이들 균주에 대한 뿌리혹병 저항성(CR) 배추 품종 25개의 저항성 정도를 조사하였다. 실험한 뿌리혹병균 중 HS와 YC 균주는 레이스 2, HN1과 HN2는 레이스 4, DJ와 SS 균주는 레이스 5 그리고 GS, GN, JS 및 PC 균주는 레이스 9로 동정되었다. 시판 중인 25개 CR 배추 품종의 이들 균주에 대한 저항성을 조사한 결과, 각 균주에 대하여 25개 CR 품종은 거의 동일하게 반응하였으며, 뿌리혹병균의 레이스와 관계없이 두 종류의 반응을 나타냈다. DJ, GS, GN, HS 및 JS 등의 5개 균주에는 저항성 반응을 나타내었으며, SS, HN1, HM2, PC 및 YC 균주에 의해서는 감수성 품종과 동일한 정도의 뿌리혹병 발생을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 우리나라 포장에는 CR 배추를 감염하는 뿌리혹병균이 이미 존재하고 있으며, 실험한 CR 품종들의 저항성 유전자원은 매우 단순하다고 생각되었다. 또 동일한 레이스의 뿌리혹병균도 CR 품종에 다른 반응을 나타내므로 CR 배추 품종의 저항성 유전자는 Williams 판별 기주의 저항성 유전자와 다르다고 추정된다.

Analysis of Korean japonica rice cultivars using molecular markers associated with blast resistance genes

  • Suh, Jung-Pil;Roh, Jae-Hwan;Cho, Young-Chan;Han, Seong-Sook;Jeon, Yong-Hee;Kang, Kyung-Ho;Kim, Yeon-Gyu
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.215-222
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    • 2008
  • Fifty-two Korean japonica rice cultivars were analyzed for leaf blast resistance and genotyped with 4 STS and 26 SSR markers flanking the specific chromosome sites linked with blast resistance genes. In our analysis of resistance genes in 52 japonica cultivars using STS markers tightly linked to Pib, Pita, Pi5(t) and Pi9(t), the blast nursery reaction of the cultivars possessing the each four major genes were not identical to that of the differential lines. Eight of the 26 SSR markers were associated with resistant phenotypes against the isolates of blast nursery as well as the specific Korean blast isolates, 90-008 (KI-1113), 03-177 (KJ-105). These markers were linked to Pit, Pish, Pib, Pi5(t), Piz, Pia, Pik, Pi18, Pita and Pi25(t) resistance gene loci. Three of the eight SSR markers, MRG5836, RM224 and RM7102 only showed significantly associated with the phenotypes of blast nursery test for two consecutive years. These three SSR markers also could distinguish between resistant and susceptible japonica cultivars. These results demonstrate the usefulness of marker-assisted selection and genotypic monitoring for blast resistance of rice in blast breeding programs.

띠형 강보강재에 설치된 수동저항부재의 설치 특성에 따른 상호간섭계수 평가 (Evaluation on Degree of Interference Based on Installation Characteristics of Transverse Members Installed in Steel Strip Reinforcement)

  • 정성규;홍기권;한중근;이광우
    • 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 띠형 강보강재에 '${\sqcap}$' 형태의 수동저항부재를 설치하는 보강재에 대한 인발시험 결과를 바탕으로 수동저항부재의 간격 및 설치위치에 따른 간섭효과를 분석하였다. 수동저항부재에서 발현되는 최대수동저항력은 수동저항부재의 설치 위치에 따라 차이가 발생하였으며, 전면벽체에 근접하여 설치된 수동저항부재에서 더 큰 수동저항력이 발현되는 것을 확인하였다. 최대인발력을 사용하여 간섭계수(DI)를 평가한 결과, 지지부재 직경과 간격의 비(S/B)가 동일한 경우에는 수동저항부재의 설치 위치에 따른 인발력 차이를 반영하지 못하는 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 최대수동저항력을 사용하여 간섭계수(F)를 산정할 경우에는 수동저항부재의 설치 간격뿐만 아니라, 수동저항부재의 설치 위치에 따른 최대수동저항력 차이를 반영하는 것으로 분석되었다.

국내 시판 고추 품종의 역병 저항성 (Resistance to Phytophthora Blight of Commercial Pepper Cultivars in Korea)

  • 김병수;권태룡;황지은;이재무;박동근;안준형;김혜연
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.141-147
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    • 2010
  • 2008년도부터 2010년도에 걸쳐 국내에 판매되고 있는 고추 품종의 역병 저항성을 평가하였으며 특히 2010년도에는 대표적인 고추 재배지역에서 수집한 3개의 역병균주에 전년도의 시험에서 선발된 품종을 접종하여 저항성과 아울러 품종과 균주간의 특이적 반응을 조사하였다. 국내에 판매되는 품종들은 비교적 높은 수준의 저항성에서 이병성 품종에 이러는 연속적 분포를 보였다. 특히 품종명에 역병 저항성을 의미하는 '역강' 혹은 'PR'을 앞에 붙인 품종들 중에 역병 저항성이 매우 낮거나 없는 품종도 다수 발견되어 품종선택에 재배농가의 주의가 요망되었으며, 국가의 품종등록 및 보급체계에서 품종의 저항성인증체계의 도입도 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 2008-2009년도의 시험에서 선발된 품종을 3개 지역균주에 접종한 결과 Pc005(밀양) 균주에는 대목용 품종인 '탄탄'을 제외한 모든 노지재배용 품종들은 모두 이병성을 나타내었다. Pc003(영양) 균주보다 Pc002(괴산) 균주가 병원력이 더 강한 것으로 나타났으며, 품종의 균주에 특이적인 반응도 관찰되어 몇 가지 품종은 영양균주에는 저항성으로 나타났으나 괴산균주에는 이병성으로 나타났다. 병원균의 병원성 변이와 품종과 병원균간 특이적 반응에 대응한 농가지도와 품종 육종방안에 대하여 논의하였다.

Highly dispersive substitution box (S-box) design using chaos

  • Faheem, Zaid Bin;Ali, Asim;Khan, Muhamad Asif;Ul-Haq, Muhammad Ehatisham;Ahmad, Waqar
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.619-632
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    • 2020
  • Highly dispersive S-boxes are desirable in cryptosystems as nonlinear confusion sublayers for resisting modern attacks. For a near optimal cryptosystem resistant to modern cryptanalysis, a highly nonlinear and low differential probability (DP) value is required. We propose a method based on a piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM) with optimization conditions. Thus, the linear propagation of information in a cryptosystem appearing as a high DP during differential cryptanalysis of an S-box is minimized. While mapping from the chaotic trajectory to integer domain, a randomness test is performed that justifies the nonlinear behavior of the highly dispersive and nonlinear chaotic S-box. The proposed scheme is vetted using well-established cryptographic performance criteria. The proposed S-box meets the cryptographic performance criteria and further minimizes the differential propagation justified by the low DP value. The suitability of the proposed S-box is also tested using an image encryption algorithm. Results show that the proposed S-box as a confusion component entails a high level of security and improves resistance against all known attacks.

한중일 어혈증 감별진단을 위한 도구의 비교 (Comparison among diagnostic tools used for differential diagnosis of blood stasis pattern in Korea, China and Japan)

  • 김지원;남동현
    • 대한한의진단학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2018
  • Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the representative differential diagnosis methods of blood stasis pattern used in Korea, China and Japan, and then to characterize each diagnostic method. Methods Through the journal databases, we have selected representative tools that were developed for differential diagnosis of blood stasis pattern in Korea, China and Japan. In order to characterize the selected check-lists or questionnaires, we investigated the number of items, contents, score calculation method, internal consistency, and accuracy of each selected tool. Results A total of four diagnostic tools were finally selected; quantitative diagnosis scale of blood stasis syndrome (QDSBSS), diagnostic criteria for blood stasis (DCBS), blood stasis questionnaire (BSQ), and blood stasis syndrome questionnaire (BSSQ). The key points in the differential diagnosis for blood stasis were different for each of the diagnostic tool. The key point was oral mucosa (including tongue) status in the QDSBSS. Meanwhile it was abdominal pain/resistance in the DCBS, and general pain in the BSQ. Accuracy of the QDSBSS, the BSQ and the BSSQ were powerful but all of them was not generalized. Conclusions Therefore, it is desirable to select and apply a plurality of appropriate tools according to the characteristics of the blood stasis patients.

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Buck-Flyback (fly-buck) Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System for Charge Balancing with Differential Power Processor Circuit

  • Lee, Chun-Gu;Park, Jung-Hyun;Park, Joung-Hu
    • Journal of Power Electronics
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.1011-1019
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, a buck-flyback (fly-buck) stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system for charge balancing with a differential power processor (DPP) circuit is proposed. Conventional feed-back DPP converters draw differential feed-back power from the output of a string converter. Therefore, the power is always through the switches and diodes of the string converter. Because of the returning conduction path, there are always power losses due to the resistance of the switch and the forward voltage of the diode. Meanwhile, the proposed feed-back DPP converter draws power from the magnetically-coupled inductor in a string converter. This shortens the power path of the DPP converter, which reduces the power losses. In addition, the extra winding in the magnetically-coupled inductor works as a charge balancer for battery-stacked stand-alone PV systems. The proposed system, which uses a single magnetically-coupled inductor, can control each of the PV modules independently to track the maximum power point. Thus, it can overcome the power loss due to the power path. It can also achieve charge balancing for each of the battery modules. The proposed topology is analyzed and verified using 120W hardware experiments.

Determination of the NDR and Electron Transport Properties of Self-Assembled Nitro-Benzene Monolayers Using UHV-STM

  • Lee Nam-Suk;Chang Jeong-Soo;Kwon Young-Soo
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제1권3호
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    • pp.366-370
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    • 2006
  • We investigated the negative differential resistance (NDR) property of self-assembled 4,4-di(ethynylphenyl)-2'-nitro-l-(thioacetyl)benzene ('nitro-benzene'), which has been well known as a conducting molecule [1], Self-assembly monolayers (SAMs) were prepared on Au (111), which had been thermally deposited onto pre-treated $(H_2SO_4: H_2O_2=3:1)$ Si, The Au substrate was exposed to a 1mM solution of 1-dodecanethiol in ethanol for 24 hours to form a monolayer. After thorough rinsing of the sample, it was exposed to a $0.1{\mu}M$ solution of nitro-benzene in dimethylformamide (DMF) for 30 min and kept in the dark during immersion to avoid photo-oxidation. Following the assembly, the samples were removed from the solutions, rinsed thoroughly with methanol, acetone, and $CH_2Cl_2$, and finally blown dry with $N_2$. Under these conditions, we measured the electrical properties of SAMs using ultra high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) [2]. As a result, we confirmed the properties of NDR in between the positive and negative region.