• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.183-202
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• 2004

The former study results demonstrate that differences between people of creativity and non-creativity lie in differences of the self-efficacies rather than those of cognitive aspects and a man of higher self-efficacy has a tendency to set up a higher goal of achievement and higher self-efficacy influences his or her achievement results as well (Zimmerman & Bandura 1994). Using the method of mathematical creative responses of open-ended approach (Lee, Hwang & Seo 2003), difference of mathematical self-efficacies has been surveyed in the study. Results of the survey showed that some students of a high mathematical self-efficacy even had bad marks in the originality or creativity but, in some cases, some students of a low mathematical self-efficacy rather had good marks in the fluency. Therefore, the response results mathematical creativity ability may be a special ability and not just a combination of self-efficacy ability. The fluency of the mathematical creative ability may be a combination of mathematical motivation ability that have been surveyed in the study suggest that not only cognitive components but also social and emotional components should be included in a development process of new creative method for teaching and learning mathematics.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2008

The semilocal convergence of the secant method under $H{\ddot{o}}lder$ continuous divided differences in a Banach space setting for solving nonlinear equations has been examined by us in [3]. The local convergence was recently examined in [4]. Motivated by optimization considerations and using the same hypotheses but more precise estimates than in [4] we provide a local convergence analysis with the following advantages: larger radius of convergence and finer error estimates on the distances involved. The results can be used for projection methods, to develop the cheapest possible mesh refinement strategies and to solve equations involving autonomous differential equations [1], [4], [7], [8].

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2016

The purpose of this review was to suggest practical criteria for the clinical translucency evaluation of direct esthetic restorative materials, and to review the translucency with these criteria. For the evaluation of reported translucency values, measuring instrument and method, specimen thickness, background color, and illumination should be scrutinized. Translucency parameter (TP) of 15 to 19 could be regarded as the translucency of 1 mm thick human enamel. Visual perceptibility threshold for translucency difference in contrast ratio (${\Delta}CR$) of 0.07 could be transformed into ${\Delta}TP$ value of 2. Translucency differences between direct and indirect resin composites were perceivable (${\Delta}TP>2$). Universal and corresponding flowable resin composites did not show perceivable translucency differences in most products. Translucency differed significantly by the product within each shade group, and by the shade group within each product. Translucency of human enamel and perceptibility threshold for translucency difference may be used as criteria for the clinical evaluation of translucency of esthetic restorative materials.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-33
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between parents’attitude and their actual performance in home education and adolescent children’s acceptance, and to inquire the difference in relation to social-demographic variables with the subject of family with teenagers. The main results were as follows: 1) There were significant difference between father’s attitude and mothers in home education. And there were significant difference between father’s attitude and mothers according to variables in each area. 2) There were significant differences between father’s performance and mother’s in home education. 3) Adolescent children’s acceptance level was 3.26 (standard 5) and was average. there were significant differences in adolescent children’s acceptance level in accordance with parents’school careers, father’s job, child’s sex and school record. 4) There were relationships between parents’attitude and performance in home education when father’s attitude was confident attitude and situational attitude in education method, and when mother’s attitude was confident attitude. 5) There were relationships only when father’s attitude was confident attitude, and there were no relationships in other case. 6) There were relationships between parents’performance and adolescent children’s acceptance.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.40-43
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• 2004

A rational method is presented for estimating the power increase of a ship at sea. A probabilistic approach is applied to determine the weather condition at sea, A comparison is made between some full-scale data and the result of Swift's method. A comparison is also made to find differences among the results of eight kind methods for the wind added resistance of a VLCC in head wind. The mean difference between the results is 7％, in general, for a given relative wind speed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.9_10 s.157
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• pp.1366-1377
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• 2006

The purposes of this study was to find out 1) the difference in the importance degree of store attribute according to interaction between fashion product types and task situations, 2) the difference in the importance degree of store attribute according to the patronized store types on the basis of fashion product types. The subjects were female adults who lived in Seoul. The sampling method was quota sampling. The data was obtained from 391 questionnaires. The data were analyzed using frequency, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, and two-way ANOVA by means of SPSS. The results were as follows; 1. According to fashion product types and task situations, there were significant differences in factors of product features, services, physical environments of the store, and price. 2. According to interaction between fashion product types and task situations, there were significant differences in factors of product features, services, physical environments of the store, and price. 3. There were significant differences in factors of product features, services, physical environments of the store, and location of store according to patronized store types, when a consumer purchased a suit, casual wear and inner wear.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1717-1724
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• 2019

Background : Several studies have suggested different arguments for the effect of stretching exercises and core muscle exercises on flexibility and balance ability. Objective : To determine the effects of stretching exercises and core muscle exercise on flexibility and balance ability. Design : Quasi experimental research Method : The study applied exercise interventions (three sessions per week for 6 weeks) on 40 subjects. The subjects were divided into stretching and core muscle exerciseing groups to identify the change of flexibility and balance ability. Sit- and- reach test results and hip hyperextension were measured for identifying changes in flexibility, and the Romberg test and Pedalo stabilizer were used for changes in balance ability. Results : Both the stretching exercise and core muscle exercise groups showed a statistically significant increase in flexibility (p<.05). However, the stretching exercise group showed a statistically significant increase in balance ability (p<.05), whereas the core muscle exercise group showed partially statistically significant differences in this par t(p>.05). In the analysis of the differences in the amount of change in flexibility, based on the types of exercise, stretching exercises showed a significant difference (p<.05), whereas a significant difference was not found in the amount of change in balance ability (p>.05). Conclusions : These findings indicate that stretching exercises are the more effective intervention for improving and maintaining flexibility, whereas there is no difference between stretching and core muscle exercises with respect to improving balance ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.46-52
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• 1999

Large valves for steam turbines of fossil power plants are exposed to a severe mechanical and thermal loading resulting from steam with high pressure and high temperature. Valve casings are designed to withstand such a loading. During the operation of a plant, temperatures at inner and outer surface of the casings are measured and steam flow is controlled so that the measured difference is lower than the maximum allowable value determined in the design stage. In this paper, a method is presented to calculate the maximum allowable temperature difference at the inner and outer surface of valve casings for steam turbines of fossil power plants. The finite element method is used to analyze distribution of temperature and stresses of a casing under the operating condition. Low cycle fatigue and creep rupture are taken into consideration to determine the maximum allowable temperature difference. The method can be usefully applied in the design stage of the large valves for the steam turbines, contributing to safe and reliable operation of the fossil power plants.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2019

This study was performed to provide fundamental data on the dietary habits and food purchase types according to the stress patterns. The subject was 312 Chinese students in Gyeonggi region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability analysis, the stress items showed an average of 2.91 and 0.846 for Cronbach alpha coefficient. The results of ANOVA analysis on the difference of dietary habits according to stress are as follows; There were significant differences for the meal frequency per day according to schoolwork, economic, general living, and dietary habits (p<0.05). Also, the general living pattern showed significant differences for the meal outside frequency and Chinese food intake (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA analysis on the difference of food purchase type according to stress are as follows; There was significant differences in degree of use of convenience foods according to interpersonal relationship, cooking method of convenience foods according to economics, the selection criteria of convenience foods according to schoolwork (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient of dietary habits and convenience food intake are 0.223, -0.147 in stress degree and dietary habits. In conclusion, I would like to provide the basic data necessary for the right choice of Chinese students' dietary habits and food purchases.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.492-505
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• 2002

This paper examined gender differences in a rate, type, relevant variables of delinquent behavior, and a gender differences regarding the relative influence of family, personality, academic achievement, sexual abuse and alcohol .drug abuse on delinquent behavior among Korean adolescents. Method: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires. Subjects consisted of 2,100 adolescents (male 1,396, female 704) in Korea, using proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods were Chi-square, t-test and path analysis. Result: Male adolescents had higher rate of delinquent behavior, and more all types of delinquent behavior (antisocial, aggressive, and psychopathic) than female. Male adolescents showed more dysfunctional family dynamic environments, higher antisocial personality and sociability than female adolescents. Female adolescents had higher depressive tendencies than male. The most powerful contributing variables on male delinquent behavior were age, antisocial personality, parent-child relationship, isolation feelings, and sexual abuse in this order named. Drug abuse, isolation feelings, antisocial personality and parent-child relationship tended to be contributing variables for female delinquent behaviors in this order named. Conclusion: This investigation will provides a foundation for theory that addresses the complexities of both gender-specific and gender influences on delinquent behavior and development of preventive strategies for female delinquency.