• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.1488-1494
• /
• 2020

Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 1 (RhoGDI1) plays important roles in numerous cellular processes, including cell motility, adhesion, and proliferation, by regulating the activity of Rho GTPases. Its expression is altered in various human cancers and is associated with malignant progression. Here, we show that RhoGDI1 interacts with Cullin 3 (CUL3), a scaffold protein for E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. Ectopic expression of CUL3 increases the ubiquitination of RhoGDI1. Furthermore, potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 5 (KCTD5) also binds to RhoGDI1 and increases its interaction with CUL3. Ectopic expression of KCTD5 increases the ubiquitination of RhoGDI1, whereas its knockdown by RNA interference has the opposite effect. Depletion of KCTD5 or expression of dominant-negative CUL3 (DN-CUL3) enhances the stability of RhoGDI1. Our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism for controlling RhoGDI1 degradation that involves a CUL3/KCTD5 ubiquitin ligase complex.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2015

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been widely used in aquaculture field as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent because of its broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria. Residual oxytetracycline (OTC) was studied after spray treatment of cultured abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Muscle concentration of OTC was determined after spray treatment ( 4,000, 7,000, 10,000 ppm) in the abalone. Muscle samples were taken at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 day post-dose. OTC analyses were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In 4000, 7000 and 1000 ppm treatment for small size abalones, OTC levels at 1 day post-dose, have been dramatically decreased by 8.34, 3.35 and 4.47 ug/g, respectively. For medium size abalones, concentration were measured as 7.58, 15.62 and 7.8 ug/g, respectively. Those of large size abalones also were observed as 11.31, 12.38 and 15.28 ug/g, respectively, at 1 day post-dose. No significant differences in residual OTC depletion in muscles were observed between the size of abalones. More than 0.2 mg/kg of OTC was detected in muscle tissues and the residues were found over 60 days after treatment. It is expected that these results would contribute to improve recommended withdrawl periods of OTC for a safer seafood supply.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.88-99
• /
• 2001

Objectives : This study was performed to determine if Orostachys japonicus A. Berger aquacupuncture (OjB) provides the protective effect against the loss of celi viability and DNA damage induced by oxidant in renal proximal tubular cells. Methods : The cell viability was evaluated by a MTT reduction assay and DNA damage was estimated by measuring double stranded DNA breaks in opossum kidney (OK) cells, an established proximal tubular cell line. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. Results : $H_2O_2$ increased the loss of cell viability in a time-dependent manner, which were prevented by 0.1% OjB. The protective effect of OjB was dose-dependent over concentration range of 0.05-0.5%. $H_2O_2$ caused ATP depletion and DNA damage, which were prevented by OjB and the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. The loss of cell viability by $H_2O_2$ was not affected by the antioxidant DPPD, but lipid peroxidation by the oxidant was completely inhibited by DPPD. Conclusions : These data suggest that $H_2O_2$-induced death results from a lipid peroxidation-independent mechanism and the protective effect of OjB is not associated with its antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.751-758
• /
• 2003

In our previous studies, we reported that Selaginella Tamariscina(ST) induced apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells selectively. The cell viability after treatment with extract of ST was quantified by MTT assay and trypan bleu exclusion method. The results showed that application with ST in HL-60 induced 40% cell death at the concentration of 400 ㎍/ml. The cancericidic effect of Selaginella Tamariscina was mediated by apoptosis. Thus, HL-60 cells exposed to Selaginella Tamariscina displayed the DNA fragmentation ladder and nucleus chromatin condensation characteristic for apoptosis. The enzyme activity of caspase-3 and actived caspase-3 protein were markedly increased in HL-60 cells treated with the extract of Selaginella Tamariscina. In addition, the extract of Selaginella Tamariscina induced cleavage of PARP, a known substrate for caspase-3. The expression of Bcl-2, anti-apoptotic protein, was decreased by treatment of the aqueous extract of Selaginella Tamariscina in a dose-dependent manner. And the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein was increased. In conclusion, our results suggest that the extract of Selaginella Tamariscina may induce the apoptotic death of HL-60 cells via activation of caspase-3, cleavage of PARP protein, depletion of cellular ATP levels and Bcl-2 degradation.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.545-551
• /
• 2009

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) affect the activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1), which plays an important role in regulating a range of cellular processes. However, the roles of these signaling factors on hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced cell death are unclear. This study examined the effects of $H_2O_2$ on the activation of MAPK and AP-1 by exposing the cells to $H_2O_2$ generated by either glucose oxidase or a bolus addition. Exposing BJAB or Jurkat cells to $H_2O_2$ affected the activities of MAPK differently according to the method of $H_2O_2$ exposure. $H_2O_2$ increased the AP-1-DNA binding activity in these cells, where continuously generated $H_2O_2$ led to an increase in mainly the c-Fos, FosB and c-Jun proteins. The c-Jun-$NH_2$-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated activation of c-Jun was shown to be related to the $H_2O_2$-induced cell death. However, the suppression of $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress by either JNK inhibitor or c-Jun specific antisense transfection was temporary in the cells exposed to glucose oxidase but not to a bolus $H_2O_2$. This was associated with the disruption of death signaling according to the severe and prolonged depletion of reduced glutathione. Overall, these results suggest that $H_2O_2$ may decide differently the mode of cell death by affecting the intracellular redox state of thiol-containing antioxidants, and this depends more closely on the duration exposed to $H_2O_2$ than the concentration of this agent.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the antimetastatic and immunomodulating effects of extracts of Ulmus davidiana extracts(U. D. Ex.). Methods: Antimetastatic experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo by using colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma, L5178Y-R lymphoma cell and Hela cell. To observe the immunomodulating effects of U. D. Ex., we measured IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-$\alpha$ from peritoneal macrophages. And we evaluated the activation of NK cell by using anti-asialo-GM1 serum. Results: We found that the administration of U. D. Ex. significantly inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis, cell growth are closer to 100% in case of Colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma, L5178Y-R lymphoma cell and Hela cell at low concentration. In case of macrophage, cell proliferation is closer to 100% less than $250{\mu}g/ml$ of U. D. Ex.. The level of cytokine such as IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 which stimulates U. D. Ex. was increased in dose-dependent manner compared to the control group. In case of TNF-$\alpha$, the level was increased at concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/ml$. The depletion of NK cells by anti-asialo GM1 serum partly abolished the inhibitory effect of U. D. Ex. on tumor metastasis. Conclusion: Ulmus davidiana appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by activation the immune system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2011

Neuronal cell death is a common characteristic feature of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, there have been no effective drugs to successfully prevent neuronal death in those diseases. In the present study, docosyl cafferate (DC), a derivative of caffeic acid, was isolated from Rhus verniciflua and its protective effects on tBHP-induced neuronal cell death were examined in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Pretreatment of DC significantly attenuated tBHP-induced neuronal cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. DC also significantly suppressed tBHP-induced caspase-3 activation. In addition, DC restored tBHP-induced depletion of intracellular Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. Furthermore, DC significantly suppressed tBHP-induced degradation of IKB, which retains $NF-{\kappa}B$ in the cytoplasm, resulting in the suppression of nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and its subsequent activation. Taken together, the results clearly demonstrate that DC exerts its neuroprotective activity against tBHP-induced oxidative stress through the suppression of nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.20-24
• /
• 2012

Construction while being an economic activity that provides facilities and infrastructure, it is beneficial to man in some aspects and detrimental in others. There have been environmental concerns related to construction activities globally which mainly focus on atmospheric emissions, depletion of natural resources and energy issues. This study was carried out to assess the impacts of construction activities on the environment in Iganga Municipality and to propose measures for their mitigation. The methodology included: review of relevant literature, observations of the general environmental effects of construction activities, focus groups and a survey conducted among construction industry role players to determine their perceptions and opinions regarding environmental impact of construction activities. The collected data was presented in tabular form and analysed by description of responses to questions. The study revealed that forests were the most greatly degraded due to high demand of timber for construction followed by wetlands degradation. The findings of this study will be useful to architects, designers and builders in order to carefully design buildings and other infrastructure that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Construction materials and their mode of acquisition are harmful threats to the environment. There is need to reduce the consumption of these materials through recycling and reusing wastes to reduce on waste generation, use of virgin materials and the subsequent waste of energy used in new material production.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.79-92
• /
• 2009

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore the neuroprotective effect and the possible mechanism of the PD-1 extracts on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophridine (MPTP)-lesioned C57BL/6 mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: The mice were supplemented (or not) with 50 or 100 mg/kg/day of PD-1 for 2 weeks, after which MPTP was injected intraperitoneally. We observed that daily administration of PD-1 prevented MPTP-induced depletion of striatal DA, and maintained striatal and nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels. Results: Our results demonstrated that mice treated with PD-1 prior to MPTP administration showed more abundant TH-immunopositive (TH-ir) fibers and neurons than mice given only MPTP, indicating that PD-1 protects dopaminergic striatal fibers and nigral neurons from MPTP insults. Possible neuroprotective effect of PD-1 was further studied by the detection of antiapoptotic protein (bcl-2) and proapoptotic protein (Bax). In this assay, MPTP elevated the Bax protein and decreased the bcl-2 protein, while these expressions were prevented by PD-1 pre-treatment. Conclusions: The present results suggest that PD-1 is able to protect dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced neuronal injury with anti-apoptotic activity being one of the possible mechanisms.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.77-107
• /
• 2018

Objectives : In present study, therefore, possible beneficial pharmacological activities of standard potato protein extracts (SPE) were observed on the mild diabetic obese mice. Methods : After end of 12 weeks of continuous oral administrations of three different dosages of SPE 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg, or metformin 250 mg/kg, analyzed the hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective and anti-obesity effects, separately. In addition, liver antioxidant defense systems were additionally measured with lipid metabolism-related genes expressions and hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities for action mechanism. Results : All of diabetes and related complications including obesity were significantly inhibited by treatment of SPE 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg, dose-dependently, and they also dramatically normalized the hepatic lipid peroxidation and depletion of liver endogenous antioxidant defense system, the changes of the hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities, also changes of the lipid metabolism-related genes expressions including hepatic $AMPK{\alpha}1$ and $AMPK{\alpha}2$ mRNA expressions, dose-dependently. Especially, SPE 200 mg/kg constantly showed favorable inhibitory activities against type II diabetes and related complications as comparable to those of metformin 250 mg/kg in HFD mice, respectively. Conclusions : The present work demonstrated that SPE 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg showed favorable anti-diabetic and related complications including obesity refinement activities in HFD mice, through AMPK upregulation mediated hepatic glucose enzyme activity and lipid metabolism-related genes expression, antioxidant defense system and pancreatic lipid digestion enzyme modulatory activities.