• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.155-173
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to offer the implication for elementary school mathematics teaching by analyzing teachers' reflection on the cognitive demands of mathematical tasks they give in class. During the setup phase and the implementation phase in math class, the researchers analyzed the change of cognitive demands on mathematical tasks and the factors which had influence on such changes. After teachers' reflection on teaching, the researchers analyzed the change of cognitive demands on mathematical tasks and the factors which had influence on such changes in math classes. As a result, before teachers' reflection on the cognitive demands of mathematical tasks, the higher-level demands of mathematical tasks had a tendency to decline. However, after teachers' reflection on the cognitive demands of mathematical tasks, higher-level demands of mathematical tasks were maintained.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.531-542
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• 2018

Building energy demands have highly risen in modern society; thus, It is necessary to reduce building energy demands especially commercial buildings adopting a curtain wall architecture. Curtain wall architectures have a high ratio of windows which is a vulnerable in heat insulations as cladding. In order to complement insulation performance of windows in these buildings, there are various methods adopted often such as installing blinds, wing wall and films. There are two suggestions of this paper. 1) WWR (Window-to-Wall Ratio) makes a impaction of energy demands in buildings. 2) Another one is an efficiency of blind systems which are installed in buildings in order to reduce cooling demands. It is also critical to make fundamental model for low-energy building construction by processing a lot of simulation As a result by this study, 1) an external blind system is more useful for reducing cooling energy demands rather than an internal blind system. 2) Buildings which have a large window require more amount of cooling demands. In case of WWR 45%, it needs more cooling energy rather than WWR 15% model's 3) Adopting blind system would reduce energy demands. WWR 45% model with external blind systems reduces about 4% of cooling energy demands compared to same model without any blind systems.4) it is necessary to study an efficiency of blind systems combined with renewable energy and it will be possible to reduce more energy demand in building significantly.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2018

The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of academic demands and resources into academic burnout and engagement among Korean highschool students, applying Job Demands-Resources Model(JD-R) into academic settings. A structural equational modeling was performed on data that collected from 934 seniors in 8 different highschool on the regular curriculum and investigated the relationships among academic demands, resources, burnout, and engagement. The results suggested that academic demands composed of effort, over-commitment, and teacher pressure had a positive effect both on academic burnout and engagement. On the other hand, academic resources consisted of rewards, peer support, teacher autonomy support, and parental academic support had a negative effect on academic burnout and a positive effect on academic engagement. The current study has its significance on applying JD-R model to academic setting and the further study as well as the limitations were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

This paper reviewed the relationship between job demands/resources and safety compliance, and the mediating effect of job burnout. Based on the responses from 247 employees, the results of multiple regression analysis appeared as follow; 1) two demands factors(role ambiguity and role overload) effect positively on safety compliance. 2) job resources factors(autonomy and social support) effect negatively on safety compliance. 3) job burnout effects negatively on safety compliance. 4) job burnout mediates between 4 job demands/resources(role ambiguity and role overload, autonomy, social support) and safety compliance.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.153-168
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• 1998

In this study we consider a CONWIP system in which the processing times at each station follow an exponential distribution and the demands for the finished Products arrive according to a compound Poisson process. The demands that are not satisfied instantaneously are assumed to be backordered. For this system we develop an approximation method to obtain the performance measures such as steady state probabilities of the number of parts at each station, the proportion of backordered demands, the average number of backordered demands and the mean waiting time of a backordered demand. For the analysis of the proposed CONWIP system, we model the CONWIP system as a closed queueing network with a synchronization station and analyze the closed queueing network using a product form approximation method. A matrix geometric method is used to solve the subnetwork in the application of the product-form approximation method. To test the accuracy of the approximation method, the results obtained from the approximation method were compared with those obtained by simulation. Comparisons with simulation have shown that the approximate method provides fairly good results.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2007

Apart from the customer demands themselves, the weightings of the customer demands are one of the main input data of a QFD (Quality Function Deployment) and furthermore of the actual construction process of products. Up to now, most interviews with stakeholders have been carried out with questionnaires and then absolute weightings have been used. Now it has been analysed if the use of other interview and evaluation techniques, e.g. relative weightings and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), can improve the precision of the demands and wishes of the stakeholders. Now the task was to analyse if the use of relative weightings as input of a QFD is possible at all, how they have to be adapted and if an increase in precision compared to the use of absolute weightings is reached. When using AHP during the product development it has become clear that only up to seven demands can be rated at the same time by customers. That means that a kind of hierarchy has to be developed to correctly transfer the demands and their weightings into the QFD.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of job characteristics on smoking, and the mediating effects of job stress between job characteristics and smoking among elderly workers. Methods: This study employed data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and a total of 778 older workers were used for analysis. Current smoking status, job stress, job characteristics including physical job demands, job demands related to contents, working days, regularity of working hour, satisfaction with income, and sociodemographic factors were analyzed. Descriptive analysis, t-tests, chi-square test, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Results showed that physical job demands and regularity of working hours were significant predictors of smoking of elderly workers. The higher level of physical job demands and regular working-hour increased the risk of smoking. Also, physical job demands, job demands related job contents, and income satisfaction directly impacted on job stress. However, job stress did not mediate the relationship between job characteristics and smoking. Conclusions: The findings suggest that smoking interventions for older workers should take into account job characteristics. Implications for practice and future study directions are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze affective characteristics and the demands of elementary science gifted students on gifted educations in urban and rural areas. The subjects were 196 science gifted students. The survey questionnaires were consisted of self-esteem, interests in science, scientific attitudes, and demands regarding gifted classes. The results of this study were as follows. First, self-esteem and interests in science, particularly interests toward science, toward science learning, toward science related careers, in urban gifted students were higher than those in rural areas. Whereas interests toward science activities and science anxiety of science gifted students in rural areas were significantly higher than those in urban area. Furthermore, scientific attitudes of science gifted students in urban area were higher than rural those in open-mindedness, critical-mindedness, voluntariness, creativity, whereas science gifted students in rural areas were higher than urban those in cooperation. Second, for the analysis on demands regarding class contents and methods, 'teaching content that challenges and exciting stimuli' of science gifted students in rural areas were significantly higher than those in urban area. Third, for the analysis on demands regarding educational environments, 'satisfaction with class materials provided by gifted classes' of gifted students in urban area were higher than those in rural area.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.63-79
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• 2006

In this study we consider a CONWIP system in which the processing times at each station follow a Coxian distribution and the demands for the finished products arrive according to a compound Poisson process. The demands that are not satisfied immediately are either backordered or lost according to the number of demands that exist at their arrival Instants. For this system we develop an approximation method to calculate performance measures such as steady state probabilities of the number of parts at each station, proportion of lost demands and the mean number of backordered demands. For the analysis of the proposed CONWIP system, we model the CONWIP system as a closed queueing network with a synchronization station and analyze the closed queueing network using a product-form approximation method. A recursive technique is used to solve the subnetwork in the application of the product-form approximation method. To test the accuracy of the approximation method, the results obtained from the approximation method are compared with those obtained by simulation. Comparisons with simulation show that the approximation method provides fairly good results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.697-711
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• 2015

It is well known the importance of considering hysteretic energy demands for the seismic assessment and design of structures. In such a way that it is necessary to establish new parameters of the earthquake ground motion potential able to predict energy demands in structures. In this paper, several alternative vector-valued ground motion intensity measures (IMs) are used to estimate hysteretic energy demands in steel framed buildings under long duration narrow-band ground motions. The vectors are based on the spectral acceleration at first mode of the structure Sa($T_1$) as first component. As the second component, IMs related to peak, integral and spectral shape parameters are selected. The aim of the study is to provide new parameters or vector-valued ground motion intensities with the capacity of predicting energy demands in structures. It is concluded that spectral-shape-based vector-valued IMs have the best relation with hysteretic energy demands in steel frames subjected to narrow-band earthquake ground motions.