• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

곰취밭에 발생하는 잡초발생 양상과 잡초로 인한 피해정도를 파악하여 곰취밭 잡초방제의 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 2013년 5월부터 10월까지 5회 조사하였다. 곰취밭에 발생하는 잡초는 37과 104종으로 일년생잡초가 55종, 월년생잡초 25종 그리고 다년생잡초가 24종이었다. 이 중에서 외래잡초는 26종이 발생하였다. 우점도가 높은 잡초로는 명아주, 쇠별꽃, 돌피, 망초, 쑥 등이었으며, Ordination PCA 분석한 결과, 고마리-미국가막사리 군락, 명아주 군락 그리고 냉이 군락으로 분석되었다. 잡초에 의한 곰취의 피해 정도를 곰취 뿌리 무게로 비교한 결과, 잡초관리구에 비교하여 잡초방임구가 56% 작아져서 이듬해 곰취 생육에 영향을 줄 것으로 판단된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.190-198
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• 2010

본 연구는 우리나라의 하천과 강에 설치된 댐(보)이 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 전국의 대표적인 하천과 강에 설치된 4개의 소형 보와 3개의 대형 댐을 대상으로 댐의 상류(저수역: impoundment), 하류(유수역) 및 대조지점(유수역)에서 2004~2007년에 걸쳐 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집을 조사하였다. 바닥물질이 단순하고 유속이 상대적으로 낮은 상류지점은 종풍부도, 개체수밀도 및 다양도지수가 상대적으로 낮았으며, 하류지점과는 큰 차이를 보였다. 수질오염이 심한 도시하천에서는 보의 상류와 하류지점 간의 군집의 차이가 거의 없었다. 대형 댐의 상류와 하류지점은 대조지점에 비해 다양도지수가 훨씬 낮았고, 우점도지수는 훨씬 높았다. 반면, 소형 보의 하류지점은 대조지점과 유사하였다. 서식 및 섭식 기능군은 상류지점이 하류지점에 비해 더욱 단순하였으며, 대형 댐의 상류지점은 소형 보의 상류지점에 비해 더욱 단순하였다. 저서성 대형무척추동물의 종풍부도와 군집지수는 상류지점에서는 수질오염보다는 서식처 특성에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 하류지점에서는 수질오염과 더 높은 상관성을 보였다. 결론적으로, 하천과 강에 설치된 보와 댐은 상류지점(저수역)의 서식처를 단순화시켜 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집에 부정적인 영향을 미치며, 규모가 큰 댐이 소형보에 비해 더 큰 악영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

본 연구는 과거자료와의 비교를 통해 광릉숲 내에 위치한 봉선사천의 과거와 현재의 어류상 변화를 파악하고, 하천 건강성을 평가하고자 하였다. 현지조사는 2015년 4월부터 9월까지 총 3회 조사를 실시하였다. 어류상 조사결과 총 8과 22종 2,960개체가 출현하였다. 피라미(Zacco platypus)가 우점하고, 참갈겨니(Zacco koreanus)가 아우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 한국고유종은 총 7종으로 고유종 빈도는 36.4%로 분석되었다. 과거 문헌자료와의 어류상 비교 결과 2007년 이후 종 수의 변화는 없었으며, 2008년 복원사업의 일환으로 봉선사천에 방류한 참갈겨니는 2008년 이후 상대풍부도가 지속적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 조사 지역의 군집분석 결과 평균 우점도지수는 0.79 (${\pm}0.15$), 다양도지수는 1.21 (${\pm}0.60$), 균등도지수는 0.58 (${\pm}0.15$), 풍부도지수는 1.49 (${\pm}0.83$)로 분석되어 우점도지수는 높고, 다양도지수, 균등도지수, 풍부도지수는 낮은 비교적 불안정한 군집구조를 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 정량적 서식처 평가 지수(QHEI) 분석 결과 QHEI는 평균 122.9 (${\pm}44.8$)로 양호한 서식처 환경을 가지고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 내성도 길드 분석 결과 전반적으로 오염에 내성이 강한 내성종보다는 오염에 민감하게 반응하는 민감종과 중간종의 개체수 비율이 높게 나타났다. 조사 지점 간 유사도 분석결과 12.25%를 기준으로 A, B 2개의 Group으로 구분되었다. Group-A는 봉선사천 본류인 St. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7과 왕숙천 St. 8이 포함되었으며, Group-B는 봉선사천 최상류인 St. 1과 봉선사천으로 유입되는 지류인 St. 4가 포함되어 구분되었다. 어류평가지수(FAI)를 분석한 결과 봉선사천은 대부분 A~B등급으로 하천건강성이 양호한 것으로 나타났으며, 도심하천인 왕숙천은 C등급로 조사 지점 중 가장 낮은 등급으로 분석되었다. FAI와 다양한 항목 간의 상관성 분석 결과 우점도, 다양도, 균등도, 민감종, 중간종에서 통계적으로 높은 상관성을 갖는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2017

사찰인근 소나무림은 문화경관림으로서 가치가 높으나 식생천이와 기후변화로 쇠퇴할 가능성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 사찰인근 소나무림을 대상으로 식생구조와 소나무 활력도, 입지환경 특성을 조사해 소나무 생육과 입지환경간의 상관관계를 밝히고자 했다. 소나무림이 양호하게 남아 있는 전남지역의 천은사, 원효사, 증심사, 태안사 4개소를 연구대상지로 선정했다. 이 대상지의 교목층에는 모두 소나무가 우점하고 하층에는 낙엽활엽수종이 주로 출현했다. 소나무의 수령이 많은 천은사 지역보다 증심사 원효사의 소나무 생육상태가 전반적으로 좋지 않았다. 토양의 총질소량은 증심사가 다른 지역보다 높은 편이었는데 하층식생 발달로 총질소량이 늘어난 것으로 보인다. 이로 인해 낙엽활엽수종과의 질소양분 경합에서 밀려 소나무의 생육이 악화된 것으로 추정된다. 해발고와 가지길이는 부(-)의 상관관계를, 경사도와 소나무 평균상대우점치도 부(-)의 상관관계를 보였다. 즉, 해발고 경사도가 상승할수록 토양환경을 포함한 생육환경이 열악해지면서 소나무의 생장량 우점도가 저조해지는 것으로 보인다. 경사도는 소나무 가지길이와 정의(+) 상관관계를 보였다. 소나무림이 주로 분포하는 입지환경 범위 내라면, 급경사지일수록 낙엽활엽수종과의 경쟁을 회피해 소나무 생육이 양호해지는 것으로 판단된다. 반면, 토양의 전기전도도가 증가할수록 소나무 생육이 더 악화되는 것으로 분석됐다. 토양양분 증가는 낙엽활엽수종의 식생 발달을 촉진해 소나무의 생육환경을 악화시켜 소나무림의 건전성 유지에 부정적 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.93-109
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to investigate the direction and strategy of education for sex role concepts of children on the basis of factor analysis of the present situation in sex role concepts and their formation. Although some maintain that sex role concept of our society has been changing slowly, the traditional sex role concept still dominates and is potentially immanent. the analysis of present condition of our society indicates that the formal as well as informal education are facing with various crucial problems in providing the direction of behavior demanded for carrying out the role. The close analysis of the three theories, psychoanalytic theory , social learning theory, cognitive development theory, lends a support to the laim of the study that cognitive development theory provide an integrated frame of reference for us to see the sex role education analytically Furthermore, the factors which are found to have influences on the formation of sex role have been analyzed in three areas: Family, School and society. 1)The factors in family such as parental behavior of upbringing and their concepts of sex role have a direct relationship with the nature of sex tole concept of children. Therefore, the first step to make children to habe a new type of sex-role conception appropriate for modern societies is to change that of parental conception and attitudes. 2)the quantitative as well as the qualitative aspects of school education showed no exceptional trend from the dominant conception of the society, although school are expected to lead the society as formal education institution rather than just reflect the society. The educational activities and contents such as the conceived goal of education for eoch sex, textbook constitation, teaching behavior and sex-role concepts of teacher are found to be still dominated by the traditional sex-role assumption. 3) The social factors that have direct relationship with children's sex-role formation are social and cultural, which include social milieu, condition of employment, family structure and mass-media. Since family and school do not educate the young in a social vacuum. their educational function of sex-role formation are doomed to be limited and determined by these social factors. Unfortunately, the analysis of present conditions showed the dominance of traditional types of sex-role concepts in all these social factors. The education of sex-role concept for children should be treated as one of the most crucial value problems related with many other important problems, such as direction and patterns of behaviors of each sex, the degree of self-development and capabilities, and consequently human right, equality, humanization and the quality of happiness. Neverthless, the analysis of researches on sex-role education which have been surveyed in this study lead to a conclusion that concerted effort to change the education, formal as well as informal should be provided in every aspect of social life. If the sex role education of the past has aimed at the "feminization"of girls which indoctrinate girls into a limited and fixed role of house wives, the new education in the future should be directed foward "humanization" of both sexes which opens the diversity of roles for both boys and girl on equal levels and provide future possibilities in accordance to their individual capabilities and interests.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.287-302
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• 2023

Corrosion of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete structures due to chloride attack in environments containing chloride ions is one of the most important factors in the destruction of concrete structures. According to the abundant reports that the corrosion rate around the repair area has increased due to the macro-cell current known as the incipient anode, it is necessary to understand the effective parameters. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of the kinetic parameters of corrosion including the cathodic Tafel slope, exchange current density, and equilibrium potential in repair materials on the total corrosion rate and maximum corrosion rate in the patch repair system. With the numerical simulation of the patch repair system and concerning the effect of parameters such as electromotive force (substrate concrete activity level), length of repair area, and resistivity of substrate and repair concrete, and with constant other parameters, the sensitivity of the macro-cell current caused by changes in the kinetic parameters of corrosion of the repairing materials has been investigated. The results show that the maximum effect on the macro-cell current values occurred with the change of cathodic Tafel slope, and the effect change of exchange current density and the equilibrium potential is almost the same. In the low repair extant and low resistivity of the repairing materials, with the increase in the electromotive force (degree of substrate concrete activity) of the patch repair system, the sensitivity of the total corrosion current reduces with the reduction in the cathode Tafel slope. The overall corrosion current will be very sensitive to changes in the kinetic parameters of corrosion. The change in the cathodic Tafel slope from 0.16 to 0.12 V/dec and in 300 mV the electromotive force will translate into an increase of 200% of the total corrosion current. While the percentage of this change in currency density and equilibrium potential is 53 and 43 percent, respectively. Moreover, by increasing the electro-motive force, the sensitivity of the total corrosion current decreases or becomes constant. The maximum corrosion does not change significantly based on the modification of the corrosion kinetic parameters and the modification will not affect the maximum corrosion in the repair system. Given that the macro-cell current in addition to the repair geometry is influenced by the sections of reactions of cathodic, anodic, and ohmic drop in repair and base concrete materials, in different parameters depending on the dominance of each section, the sensitivity of the total current and maximum corrosion in each scenario will be different.

• 지역연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.123-147
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• 1990

This paper examines the changing geography of producer service industries in the 1980s. The foci of this study are to analyze the regional distribution of each producer services, and to reveal the spatial linkage of producer services. Further this paper asserts the potential role of producer services for reducing the potential endogenous development in the periphery. During the 1981-86 period, producer service industries grew more rapidly than other service sectors and manufacturing sector. The main reason of the raid growth of producer services is attributable to an increase in demand for intermediate services from manufacturing firms. In order to compete an increasingly complex business environment, firms have expanded the amount of effort devoted to activities such as planning, coordination and control, and consequently have increased their use of producer services. The most distinctive feature of the location of producer services is spatial concentration into Seoul and surrounding region. Especially the degree of the concentration o business services into the Capital Region has been accelerating during the 1990s. The pattern of employment growth and regional distribution of producer services show a clear core / periphery disparity. Much of the regional inequality in producer services is largely due to variation in demand associated with the pattern of corporation headquarters with the pattern of corporation headquarters and branch plants location with large manufacturing firms. The analysis of spatial division of labor reflects that producer services are related to the location of headquarters in manufacturing industry. Headquarters in manufacturing firms and business service firms tend to cluster each other. Most of the headquarters spatially separated from branch offices are clustered heavily in Seoul. Especially headquarters of business services and insurance services are overwhelmingly concentrated into Seoul. The firms whose headquarters are located in Seoul have a linkage pattern on a nationwide scale. It is viewed have little potential for generating local multiplier effects and regional development. In the light of the result of this study, producer services are not likely to disperse soon to peripheral regions. Consequently the absence of policies directed at enhancing producer sevice in the periphery, concentration tendency would continue to reinforce the core's dominance at the expense of peripheral regions. From a regional perspective, the quality of a region's producer service sector is a key determinant of economic growth, since manu industrial location decisions are influenced by the differential availability of producer services among regions. Poor performance of producer services in peripheral regions seemed to be linked to the region's manufacturing base. Low-wage, standardized branch plants are not likely to induce the growth in knowledge intensive services associated with high-technology corporate headquarters. Producer services may help to create and attract new business including manufacturing firms, and also to enhance the productivity and competitiveness of local firms. Therefore the provision of service producing activities would be lead not only to generate and retain endogenous development but also to attract external firms, especially small and medium sized firms which have a lower propensity of internalized services. Hence, it may be more efficient to create and expanse new locally owned producer services rather than to attract branch plants of mult-locational firms in order to make indigenous economic development.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.70-82
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• 2007

Aiming at nature's early restoring needs to select plant species harmonizing with surrounding environment that fits to restoring goal of ultimately aiming at woody plants dominant vegetation that protect and stabilize surface parts of bared slopes. And it is important to make it assimilated with surrounding natural vegetation by differentiating planning of seed mixtures. Natural Ecological Restoring Construction Methods (JSB Method) was developed to increase the effect of landscape change according to seasons not to simple hydro-seeding by reducing rate of foreign grasses while raising rate of wild flower using. It was considered that using wild flowers that bloom on each season solved the problems of slope landscapes that looks artificial and uninteresting. After researching environmental condition of the slopes, JSB Method has shown that, as of wet-type method, soil is relatively soft and the difference of thickness of plant base soil media affects on the difference of soil hardness. In case of soil hardness of 8.8~17mm, there's dangerousness of slope's collapsing, but it has shown that growth of plant was favorable. For the acidity of soil, most of them are in the type of neutralized soil of more than pH 6. And after analyzing the degree of woody plants dominance, it had shown that lower part was occupied with wild flowers and other herbaceous species like China pin, golden phesant mum, pitcher plant, and middle and upper part was occupied with woody plants like silk-tree, sumac forming multi-layer structure. It can be concluded that the restoration objects of the woody plant vegetation on the roadside slopes can be accomplished successfully by Natural Ecological Restoring Construction Method (JSB method).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

임도 절토사면에서의 자연식생의 침입과정과 천이과정을 구명하고, 침입속도가 빠르며 경관상으로 우수한 향토 식물종을 선발하기 위하여 '93, '95, '97, '98년도에 개설된 임도에 각각 15개, 총 60개의 $1m{\times}1m$ 표본구를 설치하고 침입식생의 생태적 특성을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 절토사면의 식생 피복률은 입지인자 중 토양경도, 사면경사도와 고도의 상관을 나타냈고, 피복률이 높을수록 침입식물의 종수는 많은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 절토사면에서 목본류는 산딸기, 붉나무, 싸리, 호랑버들, 물오리나무, 소나무가 주요 우점수종으로 나타났고, 그중 산딸기는 열매로, 붉나무는 단풍으로 경관적 가치가 높았으며, 초본류는 고들빼기, 큰기름새, 큰까치수영이 모든 개설연도에서 우점도가 높았다. 고들빼기는 우점도가 높았을 뿐만 아니라 개화시기도 길었고 (5~10 월), 봄에는 세잎양지꽃, 고깔제비꽃, 여름에는 큰까치수영, 닭의 장풀, 돌콩, 미꾸리낚시, 달맞이꽃, 가을에는 넓은잎외잎쑥, 물봉선이 개화하면서 우점하였다. 3. 임도 개설 후, 시간이 지남에 따라 목본류의 종다양성지수는 증가하였고, 초본류는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 4. 휴면형에 속하는 Th 생활형의 우점도는 임도 개설 초기에 높게 나타났으나, 그후 낮아지는 경향이 있었다. MM+M+N은 개설시간이 지남에 따라 증가하였고. Ch+H+G+Th+HH는 감소하였다. 5. 천이도는 '93, '95, '97, '98년도에 개설한 임도가 각각 359, 111, 97, 87로 임도 개설 연수가 지남에 따라 증가하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2016

This research was performed for the purpose of providing useful and base data and preservation strategy of growth characteristics of Rhododendron micranthum. From the result of research, wild growth area of Rhododendron micranthum was discovered near steep forest road on 695~901m in altitude above sea level of Baekdu-daegan National Arboretum. Vegetation colony structure of Site I was resulted in Pinus densiflora(tree stratum M.I.P.=45.3%) is dominants, Betula schmidtii(arborescent M.I.P.=9.8%) is second dominant, and Site III resulted in Pinus densiflora(tree stratum M.I.P.=30.5%) is dominants, Betula schmidtii(arborescent M.I.P.=10.3%) is second dominant. Site II resulted in Betula schmidtii(arborescent M.I.P.=30.4%) is dominants and Pinus densiflora tree(tree stratum M.I.P.=8.3%) is second dominants. For herbs, it was researched that the rate of one year herb of chrysanthemum family(10), rice family(3), sedge(2) was higher than near forest area. Among Species diversity index, that of Shannon was in range of 0.7348~1.1090. After comparing this with similar area, this value was relatively low. Dominance analysis result was analyzed that various groups are evenly distributed. Monthly highest average temperature is $23.9^{\circ}$ in Site A and Site B, and monthly lowest average temperature is $-4.5^{\circ}C$ in Site I and $-4.7^{\circ}C$ in Site II. Monthly maximum average humidity is 85.6% in Site I and 83.2% in Site II. Monthly minimum average humidity is 60.9% in Site I and 60.8% in Site II and it showed that these 2 area are located far away but have similar temperature and humidity characteristic and climate environment is similar. It was analyzed that humidity is high with the result of annual average humidity is over 60%. In growth characteristic, it showed that doubt damage of Stephanitis pyrioides, exposure of roots, peeled bark was discovered and supplement on this is urgent.