Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지

Impacts of Impoundments by Low-head and Large Dams on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Korean Streams and Rivers

소형 보와 대형 댐에 의해 형성된 저수역이 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집에 미치는 영향

  • Kil, Hye-Kyung (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Gun (College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Jung, Sang-Woo (College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Jin, Young-Hun (Korean Entomological Institute, Korea University) ;
  • Hwang, Jeong-Mi (College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Bae, Kyung-Seok (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Bae, Yeon-Jae (College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University)
  • 길혜경 (서울시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김동건 (고려대학교 생명과학대학) ;
  • 정상우 (고려대학교 생명과학대학) ;
  • 진영헌 (고려대학교 한국곤충연구소) ;
  • 황정미 (고려대학교 생명과학대학) ;
  • 배경석 (서울시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 배연재 (고려대학교 생명과학대학)
  • Received : 2010.03.06
  • Accepted : 2010.04.17
  • Published : 2010.06.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dams on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Korean streams and rivers. Four low-head dams and three large dams were studied throughout South Korea. Sampling was taken at immediately upper (impoundment), lower (riffle area), and control (riffle area) sites from the dams during 2004-2007. The upper sites, of which substrate heterogeneity and velocity were relatively low, showed a lower degree of species richness, density, and diversity indices, which is very different from the lower and control sites. Heavily polluted streams showed a lesser degree of community differences between the upper and lower sites. In the large dams, the upper and lower sites showed very low values of species diversity indices and very high values of dominance indices compared to the control sites. In the low-head dams, however, the difference of degree of the values was relatively smaller. Compositions of the functional feeding groups and the habitat orientation groups were relatively simpler at the upper sites than at the lower sites and the degree of difference was greater in the large dams. Species richness and community indices of benthic macroinvertebrates were more significantly affected by habitat characteristics than water quality at the upper sites; however, those were more significantly related with water quality at the lower sites. In conclusion, large and low-head dams could simplify stream habitats particularly at the upper sites (impoundment), and they negatively affected on the benthic macroinvertebrate communities inhabited the habitats. The impact was larger in the large dams than in the low-head dams.

본 연구는 우리나라의 하천과 강에 설치된 댐(보)이 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 전국의 대표적인 하천과 강에 설치된 4개의 소형 보와 3개의 대형 댐을 대상으로 댐의 상류(저수역: impoundment), 하류(유수역) 및 대조지점(유수역)에서 2004~2007년에 걸쳐 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집을 조사하였다. 바닥물질이 단순하고 유속이 상대적으로 낮은 상류지점은 종풍부도, 개체수밀도 및 다양도지수가 상대적으로 낮았으며, 하류지점과는 큰 차이를 보였다. 수질오염이 심한 도시하천에서는 보의 상류와 하류지점 간의 군집의 차이가 거의 없었다. 대형 댐의 상류와 하류지점은 대조지점에 비해 다양도지수가 훨씬 낮았고, 우점도지수는 훨씬 높았다. 반면, 소형 보의 하류지점은 대조지점과 유사하였다. 서식 및 섭식 기능군은 상류지점이 하류지점에 비해 더욱 단순하였으며, 대형 댐의 상류지점은 소형 보의 상류지점에 비해 더욱 단순하였다. 저서성 대형무척추동물의 종풍부도와 군집지수는 상류지점에서는 수질오염보다는 서식처 특성에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 하류지점에서는 수질오염과 더 높은 상관성을 보였다. 결론적으로, 하천과 강에 설치된 보와 댐은 상류지점(저수역)의 서식처를 단순화시켜 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집에 부정적인 영향을 미치며, 규모가 큰 댐이 소형보에 비해 더 큰 악영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사하였다.

Keywords

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