• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins have been recognized as health-enhancing substances due to their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hypoglycemic effects. The objective was to identify anthocyanins-rich rice grains for the development of functional foods and/or functional food colorants METHODS AND RESULTS: Rice grains of one black and three red-hulled rice varieties were extracted with acidified 80% aqueous methanol. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts was screened on TLC plates and in an in vitro assay using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) as a free radical source. Red-hulled rice varieties exhibited higher antioxidant activity (88%, 1 mg/mL) than black rice (67%, 1 mg/mL). Among the red-hulled varieties tested, rice variety SSALBYEO54 (901452) was the most active (72%, 0.5 mg/mL). Rice extracted anthocyanin compounds were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-FLD and LC-MS/MS. Red-hulled varieties comprised cyanidin-3-glucoside in addition to ferulic acid esters, apigenin and kaempferol glycosides. CONCLUSION(s): Anthocyanins identified in the black rice variety were cyanidin-7-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-Oglucoside, cyanidin-3'-O-glucoside, cyanidin-5-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3, 7-O-diglucoside, cyanidin-3, 5-O-diglucoside and peonidin-4'-O-glucoside. The results of this study show that the black rice (IT212512) and red-hulled rice variety SSALBYEO54 (901452) contain notable antioxidant activity for potential use in nutraceutical or functional food formulations.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2015

Some virulence proteins of Helicobacter pylori, such as vacuolating cytotoxic protein A (VacA) and cytotoxin-associated gene protein A (CagA) have been reported to be causative agents of various gastric diseases including chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer or gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression level of these virulence proteins can be regulated when H. pylori is exposed to the antibacterial agent, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) as previously reported. In this study, we analyzed the quantitative change of various virulence proteins including CagA and VacA by C3G treatment. We used 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to analyze the quantitative change of representative ten proteome components of H. pylori 60190 ($VacA^+/CagA^+$; standard strain of Eastern type). After 2-DE analysis, spot intensities were analyzed using ImageMaster$^{TM}$ 2-DE Platinum software then each spot was identified using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) or peptide sequencing using Finnigan LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Next, we selected major virulence proteins of H. pylori among quantitatively meaningful ten spots and confirmed the 2-DE results by Western blot analysis. These results suggest that cyanidin 3-O-glucoside can modulate a variety of H. pylori pathogenic determinants.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

유색미는 회색 빛 외에 붉은색 흑은 보라색 계통의 색소를 겨 부분에 함유하고 있다. 특히, 흑미는 예로부터 건강식품으로 여겨져 왔다. 흑미(흑진주벼)는 최근에 anthocyanin포함하는 생리활성 물질원으로서 관심이 증대되고 있다. Anthocyanin은 수용성의 색소로서 flavonoid계통의 대표 색소로 알려져 왔다. 흑미에 함유되어있는 Anthocyanin으로는 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside와 peonidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, pelagonidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside등이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는, 흑미로부터 amberlite XAD7 chromatography방법을 사용해서 anthocyanin을 추출 후 HPLC와 UV-Vis spectrophotometer를 이용하여 정량분석 및 정성분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 흑미의 anthocyanin 추출물 중 95%가 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, 5%가 peonidin 3-O-glucoside임을 확인하였다. 그리고 in vitro상의 여러 가지 실험방법을 통하여 anthocyani의 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 100g/ml 농도의 anthocyanin추출물은 90%이상 linoleic acid emulsion의 과산화를 억제하였고, 55.20%의 DPPH 자유 라디칼 제거효과, 54.96%의 superoxide 자유 라디칼 제거효과, 72.67%의 과산화수소 제거효과를 보였다. 그리고 또한 높은 환원 능력을 확인할 수 있었다. 표준 항 산화 물질로는 BHA, BHT, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$을 사용하였다. 이 결과로 보아 anthocyanin추출물은 새로운 항산화 물질로서 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.114-115
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• 2000

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.30-33
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• 2015

Anthocyanins are water soluble plant pigments which are responsible for the blue, red, pink, violet colors in several plant organs such as flowers, fruits, leaves and roots. In recent years, anthocyanin-rich foods have been favored as dietary supplements and health care products due to diverse biological activities of anthocyanins including antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and preventing cardiovascular disease. High-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) coupled with reversed-phase medium pressure liquid chromatography (RP MPLC) method was applied for the rapid and efficient isolation of cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin 3-glucoside (P3G) from black rice (Oryza sativa L., Poaceae). The crude black rice extract (500 mg) was subjected to HPCCC using two-phase solvent system composed of tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/ acetonitrile/0.01% trifluoroacetic acid (TBME/B/A/0.01% TFA, 1 : 3 : 1 : 5, v/v, flow rate - 4.5 mL/min, reversed phase mode) to give enriched anthocyanin extract (37.4 mg), and enriched anthocyanin extract was sequentially chromatographed on RP-MPLC to yield C3G (16.5 mg) and P3G (8.7 mg). The recovery rate and purity of isolated C3G were 76.0% and 98.2%, respectively, and those of P3G were 58.3% and 96.3%, respectively. The present study indicates that HPCCC coupled with RP-MPLC method is more rapid and efficient than multi-step conventional column chromatography for the separation of anthocyanins.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.334-335
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• 2000

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회 요지
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• pp.226-227
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• 2003

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.55-56
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• 1998

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.689-696
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• 2018

Increasing evidence implicates changes in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and oxidative stress as causative factors in amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$)-induced neuronal cell death. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a component of anthocyanin, has been reported to protect against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death by inhibiting $Ca^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ signaling. The present study aimed to determine whether C3G exerts a protective effect against $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons from embryonic day 17 fetal Sprague-Dawley rats using MTT assay for cell survival, and caspase-3 assay and digital imaging methods for $Ca^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, MMP and ROS. Treatment with $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ ($20{\mu}M$) for 48 h induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat pure hippocampal neurons. Treatment with C3G for 48 h significantly increased cell survival. Pretreatment with C3G for 30 min significantly inhibited $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced $[Zn^{2+}]_i$ increases as well as $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increases in the cultured rat hippocampal neurons. C3G also significantly inhibited $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced mitochondrial depolarization. C3G also blocked the $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced formation of ROS. In addition, C3G significantly inhibited the $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced activation of caspase-3. These results suggest that cyanidin-3-glucoside protects against amyloid ${\beta}$-induced neuronal cell death by reducing multiple apoptotic signals.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.778-782
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• 2005

Analysis of black soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.; 59 Korean varieties] revealed that 100-seed weights of green cotyledon seeds (33.5 g, n=31) were higher than those of yellow ones (28.9 g, n=28). Contents of delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G), cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), petunidin-3-glucoside (P3G), and total anthocyanins in seed coats of black soybeans were 0.03-4.15, 0.74-18.36, 0.02-1.60, and 0.87-23.52 mg/g, respectively, among which most prominent anthocyanin was C3G (80.9% of total content), followed by D3G (13.6%) and P3G (5.5%). No significant differences were observed in color parameters $a^*$ and $b^*$ between black soybeans with yellow cotyledon (BYC) and green cotyledon (BGC). Total isoflavone content of BGC was higher than that of BYC, and negative correlation was found between total anthocyanin and isoflavone contents.