• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1964

As to the up-lnd bamboos, I have reported, in my previous works, that Korea has two species in the genus of Pseudosasa, four in Pleioblastus, and other four in Sasa. In the present work, I dealt with Sasamorpha Purpurascens Nakai var. Borealis Nakai which proved the strongest vitality of all up-land bamboo yet found in various up-lands of Korea, and which might be most important from the utility view-point. This report is chiefly on its procreation. Sasamorpha Purpurascens Nakai var. Borealis Nakai can be found almost everywhere throughout the country, and its leaves and stems are much used in farms in various forms of manufacture. It is also welcomed as the feed for livestocks and as cover plants for aforestation, especially as the excellent means of errosion control on devastated hill sides. It is also widely accepted that it will provide, in the immediate future, abundant sources for the up-land bamboo pulp. As the first phase of my research plan on the subject, I undertook to determine the possible best way of its procreation, for which were included the experiments of inducing the growth of subterranean stems, the entire stand cutting, transplanting, reclaimed planting after burning etc. in order to observe the plant elongation, growing conditon, climatical effect etc. What has been fuond out so far given here as follows: 1) Of the various sections of the country, Mt. Odae area gives out the most excellent Sasamorpha Purpurascens Nakai var. Borealis Nakai(the leaf weight of which is 450 gr.) and Taekwanryong area comes the next class. This species can be transplanted anywhere in the South Korea. 2) The elongation of S.P. Nakai var. Borelais begins at around the middle of May and almost completely stops by the 20th of August. 3) The best studied transplanting season is supposed to be Feb. -April, for those transplanted during that period proved 100% of success. The next best transplanting season may be October. Rain fall does not have so much effect on transplanting as the growing season does. 4) In inducing the subterranean stems, the growing season can be ignored. The root expnsion is most animated during the months of April-June, the most active season for water absorption. Those stems induced during the winter proves more rapid growth. 5) The entire stand cutting shows greater growth than the reclaimed planting after burning and that, the growth is most vigorous during May-July, whereas during the hottest months of Aug-Sept. the growth shows only 5 cm. The new shoots grow slower both in the field of entire stand cutting and in the field of reclaimed planting after burning than in the otherwise fields.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제9권
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• pp.147-155
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• 1991

Effects of harvest date, number of the leaves remained on stump after flower cutting, duration of cold treatment on the growth and flowering of L. elegans 'Connecticut King' bulb were tested. Shoot emerging rate increased over 90% by delayed cold treatment, late harvesting time and more leaves remained. Flowering rate increased over 90% when conducted cold treatment of 90 days to the premature bulb at flowering date, the bulb matured for 50 days with 10 leaves and the bulb matured for over 30 days with 20 leaves, and when conducted cold treatment of 50 days to the bulb matured for over 30 days with all leaves. Delayed cold treatment duration shortened days needed to shoot emergence and flowering. Especially days to flower of the premature bulb at flowering date were the shortest of all treatments, and can be flowered within 100 days after planting. In generally, plant height, number of flowers per plant and stem diameter generally increased by longer bulb maturing period after flower cuting, and the premature bulb harvested at flowering date showed poor growing and flowering responses. But, if used the larger size bulb, it is believed that the prematured bulb can be forced to flower normally in current year without bulb maturing period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 1990

This study was carried out to determine the effect of mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl(Tachigarace) on the growth and reducing low temperature injury in rice seedlings. The amount of mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) applied to reduce low temperature injury was 0, 9, 18 and 36mgr per pot (5${\times}$15${\times}$10cm) by soil incorperation befor sowing. Aging seedling was investigated on the growth responses by the application of 0.36gr mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) per tray (30${\times}$60${\times}$3cm) after cutting of leaf at 35 day-old seedling. Rice seedlings treated with mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) were better in the growth of top and roots, dry weight, erecting and rooting abilities than untreated seedlings. The effective amount of mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) to increase erecting and rooting abilities was 18 mgr per pot. Under low temperature treatment, 12$^{\circ}C$, the leaf discoloration and dead leaf percent of rice seedlings were markedly decreased in the seedlings treated with mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) as compared with untreated seedlings. The more amount of mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) upto 36mgr per pot, the more effective on the low temperature injury in the seedling. The effect of mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) to reduce low temperature damage in rice seedlings was mainly due to decreasing less physiological activities on the expanding leaf area and rooting, transpiration, stomatal diffusion and chlorophyll content of the leaves and oxygen consumption of the roots. Plant height, top dry weight and leaf area of aging seedlings were increased with mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) treatment and leaf cutting as compared with untreated seedling and intact leaf, respectively. The ratio of missing hill of aging seedling was increased with increasing the period of growing seedling and was decreased due to leaf cutting, whereas the effect of mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) application was not observed. Rooting ability of aging seedlings was decreased with lengthening of the period of raised seedling and was increased with mixture of hymexazole and metalaxyl (Tachigarace) treatment and leaf cutting.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• 제6권
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• pp.1-8
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• 1966

Various relationships with the leaf yield per 1,000m in the length of mulberry branch were investigated. The results obtained are as followings. 1. Relationship with the mulberry varieties. There were little differences of the leaf yield among the mulberry varieties, being 106∼109kg in an average and the distributions of the leaf yield were of 60∼160kg class for Morus bombycis Koidz, 50-17kg class for Morus Lhou(Ser.) Koidz and 50∼180kg class for Morus alba L. Otherwise, 79 per cent of all varieties was between 80∼140kg class to which 85 per cent of only Morus Lhou(Ser.) Koidz belonged. There was one or two peaks for each strains, for example, the peak at 80∼90kg class and at 120∼140kg class in Morus bombycis Koidz showed the best yield, the peak at 90∼100kg class in Morus alba L. and 100∼110kg class in Morus Lhou(Ser.) Koidz. 2. Relationship with the pruning. The multi-stemed pruning showed 149kg mulberry leaf yield which was more 75 per cent increase than the low-stemed pruning, 85kg. 3. Relationship with the degree of cutting off. The leaf yield varied according to the degree of cutting off the branch, such as, 166kg in 1/3 cutting off the branch and 180kg in $\frac{1}{2}$ which were more 19 per cent and 34 per cent increase of 140kg in non-cutting off the branch, respectively. The main cause of the leaf increase was thought because of the increase of young branch. 4. Relationship with the branch diameter. In the relation to the leaf yield per 1,000m in branch length, there was no significance comparing 66kg for thin branch with 80kg for medium one ana the thick branch had 150kg leaf yield and increased 88 per cent when compared with the medium one. In the relation to the leaf yield per l0cm in diameter, 811g leaves for thin branch and 875g for medium one were produced, but there was no significance between them. Thick branch had 1,461g, and increased 67 per cent when compared with medium one and the average yield was 1,201g for total branch.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.906-911
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• 2014

A new coreopsis cultivar, 'Uridream Pink', was developed by mutation breeding using gamma-ray irradiation. Rooted cuttings of 'Uridream 01', developed at Uriseed Company, were exposed to various gray ranges of gamma-rays from a $^{60}CO$ source for 24 h in 2009 at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. Using gamma-rays with the range of 10-100 Gy, a chimeric mutant with pastel pink flowers was induced at 30 Gy from 'Uridream 01', which blooms red-purple flowers (Red-purple group, 59A). Clones that produced flowers with modified pink color were separated from the chimeric mutant and fixed by more than three rounds of cutting back from 2009 to 2010. The separated mutant clones with modified pink color were found to bloom flowers with marketable color and be free of any abnormal plant characteristics. The typical color of the flowers was pastel pink (Red-purple group, 67B), and the clones were registered as 'Uridream Pink' at the Korea Seed and Variety Service (plant variety protection number: 4410). Although the size of flowers and leaves of 'Uridream Pink' are smaller than those of 'Uridream 01', the number of flowers per plant is greater. 'Uridream Pink' can be used as both a pot and a garden plant because of its long blooming period from late spring to late autumn.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.768-776
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• 2010

This study was conducted to predict number and fresh weight of leaves, and total leaf area of a single-stemmed rose 'Vital' based on the accumulated thermal units, and to develop a model of shoot development for the prediction of the time when the flowering shoot reaches a phenological stage in a plant factory system. The base temperature ($T_b$), optimum temperature ($T_{opt}$), and maximum temperature ($T_{max}$) were estimated by regressing the rate of shoot development against the temperature gradient. The rate of shoot development ($R$, $d^{-1}$) for the phase from cutting to bud break (CT-BB) was best described by a linear model $R_b$ ($d^{-1}$) = -0.0089 + $0.0016{\cdot}temp$. The rate of shoot development for the phase from bud break to harvest (BB-HV) was fitted to the parabolic model $R_h$ ($d^{-1}$) = $-0.0001{\cdot}temp^2$ + $0.0054{\cdot}temp$ - 0.0484. The $T_b$, $T_{opt}$, and $T_{max}$ values were 5.56, 27.0, and $42.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. The $T_b$ value was used in the thermal unit computations for the shoot development. Number of leaves, leaf area (LA), and leaf fresh weight showed sigmoidal curves regardless of the cut time. The shoot development and leaf area model was described as a sigmoidal function using thermal units. Leaf area was described as LA = 578.7 $[1+(thermal units/956.1)^{-8.54}]^{-1}$. Estimated and observed shoot length and leaf fresh weight showed a reasonably good fit with 1.060 ($R^2=0.976^{***}$) and 1.043 ($R^2=0.955^{***}$), respectively. The average thermal units required from cutting to transplant and from transplant to harvest stages were $426{\pm}42^{\circ}C{\cdot}d$ and $783{\pm}24^{\circ}C{\cdot}d$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.206-214
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• 2011

Fifteen clones of poplars, 2 clones of willows, and yellow poplar were used to evaluate the effects of 5 treatments such as SCBLF (slurry composting and biofiltration liquid fertilizer), general slurry liquid fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, groundwater, and control (no treatment) on vitality, growth performance, and biomass production. Five cuttings for each tree species were planted in 3 replications. After planting cuttings, a coppice was induced by cutting off stems at 10cm above the ground. Data were collected for first growing season and trees were harvested at the end of October. Maximum mortality rate i.e. 96% was recorded in the cuttings treated with groundwater and minimum 92% with control (no treatment). In all tree species, sprouting of stump was not differ significantly among the treatments. Total nitrogen concentrations of leaves and stump sprouts were higher in the treatment of SCBLF than the control, 26.6% and 22.9%, respectively. Biomass production was highest in the stumps treated with chemical fertilizer, $1.98Mg\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$, and lowest in control ($1.34Mg\;ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.22-22
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• 2019

Green stem disorder (GSD) of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is characterized by delayed senescence of stems with normal pod ripening and seed maturation (Hobbs, 2006). GSD complicates harvesting of soybeans by significantly increasing the difficulty in cutting the affected plants. There is also the potential for moisture in the stems to be scattered on the seed, reducing the grade and storability of the seed. Not only the cause of GSD is yet unknown, but also GSD cannot be evaluated until maturity, therefore the method to evaluate GSD in early growth stage with high sensitivity is necessary. In previous studies, it has been reported that vegetative storage protein (VSP) accumulates and the syndrome of GSD appears in soybean after depod treatment (Fischer, 1999). Soybean VSP is a storage protein which is abundant in young sink leaves and degraded during seed fill (Wittenbach, 1982). Hence, we have established a system to quantify VSP of high sensitivity by using standard protein made by genetically transformed E. coli and specific antibody against VSP, and studied the relationship between VSP and GSD, by depod experiment and drought/excess wet experiments. The result of depod experiment with the cultivar 'Yukihomare' was the same with the previous studies, VSP accumulated much more than control and the syndrome of GSD appeared in soybean in depod treatment. Drought and excess wet had different impact on GSD. Excess wet caused GSD of the cultivar 'Tachinagaha (GSD susceptible)', while drought caused a little syndrome of GSD in the cultivar 'Touhoku 129 (GSD resistant)'. The accumulation of VSP differed between the two cultivars over time. In conclusion, the accumulation of VSP came along with the emergence of GSD. Different cultivars showed different response to drought and excess wet. In the future, it is expected that the dynamics of VSP will be elucidated in detail, leading to the development of early diagnosis technology for green stem disorder and the elucidation of mechanism of soybean GSD.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.427-435
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• 1984

Alfalfa field was established to investigate seasonal changes of nodule activity and contents of carbohydrates, and nitrogen, and also to examine their relationships in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Periodical sampling of alfalfa in cutting and uncutting plots was collected to measure growth of plants, development and activity of nodule, and content of carbohydrates and nitrogen in the third year following year of establishment. Nodule activity of alfalfa root appeared to early April, increased to a maximum in beginning of June (flowering stage), and then decreased and generally remained low from late-July to mid-August, and again increased from early September, and then decreased and generally remained low for the rest of growing season. After flowering, nodule weight tended to decrease slowly throughout the growing season. Until flowering stage, increase of dry weight was closely related with that of nodule activity. But after flowering the curve pattern of dry weight did not fit to that of nodule activity due to decrease of supply of assimilate to nodule, drought, and high temperature. Total nonstructural carbohydrates in roots were closely correlated with nodule weight and nodule activity. While, nitrogen contents in leaves were closely correlated with nodule weight and nodule activity. Also cutting on July prevented unnessesary losses of respiration during summer to provide rapid recovery of nodule activity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2003

This study was conducted to establish a practical masspropagation system of Phalaenopsis clones from basal shoot segments. The frequency of PLB (protocorm like body) induction was compared with various explants. Basal shoot segments showed the most successful result of 45％, while root tips, stalk node segments, stalk leaves and mature leaves represented low frequency (below 5％). The PLB induction ratio in the culture of basal shoot segments was examined with 11 different Phalaenopsis varieties, and the majority of varieties, including pink flower lines, showed an about 30％ rate of PLB formation. Especially, when whole basal shoot parts without cutting were inoculated onto PLB induction medium, giant PLB was induced from explant. This giant PLB was green color and big in size compared with normal PLB. When dissected giant PLB segments inoculated onto PLB multiplication medium, only normal size of PLBs were induced from them. PLBs induced by basal shoot culture were transferred onto proliferation medium and then shooting medium, from which normal plants were formed. Therefore, this culture method is considered as effective and practical protocol for Phalaenopsis mericlone production. In addition, it is suggested that clones of an infinite number can be produced consecutively by this culture system through repeated cycles of PLB induction and proliferation using the basal shoot segment of flask plant.