• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.33-43
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to develop a space program of the new community center in multi-family housing. The community center defined in this study is a communal facility which integrate cultural and welfare facilities and activity programs into a complex. Through the analysis of the community programs and spaces for multi-family housing community, a new community center program is proposed. And basic area guidelines are proposed through the making of the space modelling of the important area of the center. According to the guidelines, more spaces compared to the present standards and conditions are needed for a new community center. However, the adjustment of area regulation is essential, considering the fast changing trend of resident's social needs. A new regulation system that controls the total area of function spaces of a community center, rather than controlling each function and area, is required. This kind of system makes it possible to decide programs freely within the limit of total floor area regulation by neighborhood's characteristics and residents'preference.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2022

Earthenware horn cups with horse head decorations were excavated from Tomb No. 7 of Bokcheon-dong, Dongraegu, Busan Metropolitan City. Made of earth in the shape of a horn, these cups are considered to have been used to drink alcohol or beverage. Large numbers of earthenware horn cups of various shapes were excavated from tombs located in the old territories of Silla and Gaya. A pair of earthenware horn cups were excavated from Tomb No. 7, and the two cups are almost identical in overall shapes and manufacturing techniques despite different sizes. Conservation treatment was carried out for the bigger one of the two horn cups this time. There are two cracks toward the horse head decorations around the mouth with missing parts observed. The chest of the horse touches the ground with one side decorating the horse head and the other side facing the conical mouth of the horn cup. It is in the U shape, striking a balance based on two legs attached behind. The surface of the horn cup was made with a potter's wheel, and the connection to the horse head has traces of cutting and trimming. The horse head is expressed realistically with its features including the ears, eyes, nose, and mouth well apprehended and its color is grey This study intended to investigate manufacturing techniques of the artifact by examining its internal structure through the condition survey in a non-destructive way. CT imaging was used to figure out its manufacturing techniques and to diagnose its condition, and accordingly the scientific conservation treatment was conducted to stabilize the artifact. The precise diagnosis on conservation condition found that there are two chips in the spout with their cracks extended. One of the chips is connected with separation added to the crack. The material which has been used for connection in the past was collected for the infrared spectroscopic analysis, which was identified to be nitrocellulose resin for the connection. Therefore, this conservation treatment focused on removing the old material and preventing the spread of cracks. Before conservation treatment, the condition survey and scientific examination for the artifact were carried out to secure data about the earthenware horn cup with horse head decorations(Treasure). Based on them, effective plans for its conservation treatment was sought for and then existing adhesive was safely removed, and restoration material was selected to take into account its reversibility. In addition, the conservation treatment according to optimal methodologies was conducted through the consultation meeting with experts.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.723-737
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• 2021

This study analyzed the composition and structure of materials with Buddhist paper scriptures excavated from architectural sites in 'Sum Tolgoi' of the 17^th century and carried out conservation treatment base on the result of the analysis. The scriptures were covered in dust and foreign sub stances, and were so crumpled that it was impossible to identify the form. The damage, loss, and discoloration have been identified. Buddhist scriptures written in Tibetan used indigo and ink sticks on paper as a result of UV-Vis analysis, and ink sticks as black character materials from scriptures written ancient Mongolian. SEM-EDS and Micro-XRF analyses revealed that the outlines were drawn with red lines using a mix of Minium (Pb₃O₄) and Cinnabar (HgS), or Cinnabar (HgS) alone, and the contents of the scriptures were written with silver paint. Silver chloride (AgCl) and Calcium (Ca) were identified in the silver paint component of the characters, while Calcium and Orpiment (As₂S₃) were identified in the yellow lines. Concerning the paper ground, Buddhist scriptures written in ancient Mongolian were characterized by herbal plant fiber and bast fiber, and those written in Tibetan, by bast fiber. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the paper for the scriptures was produced between the 15^th and 17^th centuries. Conservation treatment of the scriptures was carried out based on the experiment on the production of pre-coated paper and how to coat that to prevent the second damage due to the deformation and fragility of the excavated paper. The scriptures were preserved and mounted, and a neutral box was made to identify the contents of the scriptures recorded on both sides after the treatment. This conservation treatment is the result of a study that applied new conservation treatment materials and methods according to the principle of conservation treatment reversibility.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.329-341
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• 2012

Magai Wareiishi Jizo (Buddhist statue carved on rock surface) is close to shoreline and a part of rock block is periodically immersed by seawater. Rock material of the Wareiishi-jizo statue is composed mainly of medium or coarse-grained biotite granite and very durable. However, physical properties of the rock have been changed according to the complex interactions of the salt solution and surrounding environment. Exfoliation of the rock surface is a serious condition by salt crystallization. Exfoliation (14.6%) is concentrated on the upper part of the rock block with mainly boundary of seawater as the center. On the other hand, lower part of the rock block show black layers by contaminants deposition. In addition, brown discoloration and biological contaminants is overlapped. Rock surface show high discoloration rate of 50.5% (black discoloration, 29.2% > yellow discoloration, 14.1% > brown discoloration, 4.4% > green discoloration, 2.9%). Upper part of the rock block had a lot of change in the physical properties than lower part that is immersed by seawater. In particular, surface properties of the rock block was very weak state at the boundary surface of seawater permeation.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.282-288
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• 2021

This basic research was conducted to support the development of woodcraft bio-adhesives using peach gum, which is the resin produced by peach trees. The synthesis conditions of these adhesives were optimized by performing 144 experiments. The application potential of peach gum adhesives was explored by comparing their properties with those of three natural adhesives and four synthetic adhesives. The best adhesive strength was obtained by dissolving the resin in 80 mL of distilled water containing 1.5 g NaOH, 1.65 g H₂O₂ ( pH 8.0-9.0), 0.5 g NaClO, and 0.5 g H₂BO₂. The adhesive strength, which showed minimal changes and excellent reversibility, was 125.39 kgf/cm². Ultraviolet radiation-mediated deterioration in strength in the absence of total aerobic bacteria was negligible (△E^*ab = 2.75). These data confirm the potential value of peach gum-based bio-adhesives for woodcraft as well as their utility as alternatives for natural and synthetic adhesives used for the manufacture and restoration of handicrafts and preservation of cultural assets.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.191-208
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• 2021

In this study, the status of damage by subterranean termites and their management according to the region and type of domestic wooden cultural properties were identified. This was based on the survey reports of agencies conducting regular nationwide and regional monitoring of subterranean termites. In addition, using geographical information system (GIS) based on the survey contents, a map was constructed of termite infestation and its progress on 2,805 wooden cultural properties that were surveyed nationwide. Based on the map produced, a total of 486 cases of termite infestation were confirmed in wooden cultural properties during 2018-2019, of which 143 cases (approximately 29.4%) were confirmed to be owing to the invasion of termites in the ground and infestation of wood materials. A web platform and an application using a mapping application program interface were created to increase accessibility to the investigated damage status data. The methods employed by each institution for investigating and monitoring the invasion of termites in the ground included the use of detection dogs, visual observation, installation of wood specimens made of pine, and microwave equipment. However, it was confirmed that monitoring and survey methods were not applied to determine the territorial range of the subterranean termite colonies. Accordingly, the use of dyeing and mark-release-recapture methods were deemed necessary to understand the current status, such as calculating the scope of the target wooden cultural property, when monitoring subterranean termite colonies.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.494-504
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• 2020

Ten historic sites (denoted as A- J in this study) of a tomb were found during the construction of the east-west expressway in District 2 of Hyangnam, Hwaseong, which is implemented by the Gyeonggi-do headquarters of the Korea Land & Housing Corporation. Thetombswere first detected at siteH, and further investigations revealed various tombs from the Three Kingdoms period; artifacts such as gilt-bronze shoes and caps were excavated from wooden coffins in the tombs. The pottery examined in this study was the only pottery artifact excavated from the site. Its raw clay was soft and loose, reddish brown, and had quartz and feldspar particles of < 1 mm, which appeared to have been added as reinforcing agents. The firing temperature of the pottery was estimated to be under 800-870 ℃ as the mica remains and tridimite, which is the phase transition mineral of quartz, was not produced; a slight endothermic peak was also detected because of the hydration of sericite at 800 ℃. The condition of the artifact was severely weakened because of various factors, such as soil pressure from the stratum formed over the site and repeated freezing and thawing. The artifact could not be collected alone, and thus, surrounding soil that had attached to the artifact was also collected; the artifact was transported to the laboratory and conservation treatment was conducted in a safe and systematic manner.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.427-434
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• 2022

This study aims to develop design elements for cultural convergence between rehabilitation for individuals with developmental disabilities and lifelong education for individuals with disabilities, which is a key area in the practical support system for independent life support for individuals with developmental disabilities. As for the research method, a procedure for conducting FGI by forming two teams for professors majoring in special education and rehabilitation science was formed. The research was presented in three upper categories (universal cultural convergence elements, field-centered cultural convergence elements, and policy-centered cultural convergence elements) that should be designed for cultural convergence between rehabilitation for individuals with developmental disabilities and lifelong education for individuals with disabilities. In addition, subcategories were specifically composed for each upper category. First, as a universal cultural element, "open creative convergence" was presented in principle, which can be explained as a principle of exploring and practicing the validity of convergence between related fields for rehabilitation for individuals with developmental disabilities and lifelong education for individuals with disabilities. Second, field-centered cultural factors included development of joint practice model between fields of rehabilitation science and special education, subject matter education knowledge and skills, teaching and learning methods, learning career roadmaps, employment and job career development roadmaps, and the formation of an independent life development history certification system. Third, as policy-centered cultural elements, the formation of a curriculum integration composition system between local related institutions, the establishment of a qualification development path for coordinator-professional teacher-type personnel, and the organizational systematization between school-center types were presented. The study concluded that independent life support for individuals with developmental disabilities should not only be guaranteed for the entire life of adulthood, but also a lifelong education for individuals with disabilities based rehabilitation support system for individuals with developmental disabilities should be established through cultural convergence.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.619-641
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• 2014

Animation is an important tool to establish the identity of mutually related countries, as cultural contents with the economic value. That is, it is necessary that the Korean animation should extend the previous boundary of exchange, for the status of representative cultural industry in the 21st century global market. Especially, to overcome the regionally prejudiced and unbalanced cultural exchange, the possibility of extension with Czech animation, which has not had an active exchange with Korea, will be considered and the efficient method will be proposed. The Czech Republic is geopolitically located in the center of Europe and its infrastructure like industrial construction, investment environment, human resources is outstanding among Visegrad Group. The Czech Republic has a remarkable cultural border-crossing phenomenon, and as a complex country of cultural and religious characteristics of eastern and western European, it is a powerful nation leading Central Europe. Therefore, the animation exchange of Czech and Korea is valuable in culture and economy of both nations. Through such an animation exchange of both nations, not only Korean animation secures the diversity of exchange but also insignificant cultural exchange after formal establishment of diplomatic relations in 1990, will be revitalized and international firm relationship of both nations will be established. Therefore, as an activation plan or cultural exchange of Korea and the Czech Republic, concrete plan like Stop Motion Animation Workshop is proposed.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.481-491
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• 2019

The wall paintings of the Afrasiab Palace in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, located at the center of the Silk Road where the culture of the East and the West crossed from ancient times to the Middle Ages, have been unearthed in 1960s and attracted attention from academia. In particular, two characters wearing a Korean ancient hat (Jougwan), who were considered to be ancient Korean, were found in the western wall. The wall depicted the Coronation of King Barfuman of Sogdiana Kingdom in 7th century. It is being used as an important feed for studying the international situation and cultural characteristics at that time. This mural, which is now in the Historical Museum of Afrasiab, contain four different paintings at each side, and has its own cultural characteristics and elements. Nevertheless, there has been no development of storytelling and cultural contents using it. The purpose of this study is to find out how to develop and utilize cultural contents and characters based on the paintings of west wall of Afrasiab palace. To this end, we visited the museum and investigated the mural as well as surveyed many academic materials.