• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.23
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• pp.295-319
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• 2011

This study examines how Latinidad can be reclaimed as a site for exploring affinities of Latinos in Latin music industry, especially from the 90s. By looking at sites where Latinidad is constituted, such as the case of Jennifer $L{\acute{o}}pez$ becoming Selena, it intends to suggest that the concept can be deployed as a political bridge to connect latinos. And by examining Cuban-American artists' self identification in Latin Grammy Awards, it reveals that the latin music business definitions of Latinidad is coded differently for them as 'Caribbean' to erase a natural resonance of Cuba. In addition, by dealing with Shakira's somewhat contradictory representation of Colombianidad, the study argues that Latinidad serves as a social construct and newly emerges as a convenient interstitial place between the Latin American and the US Latino. Shakira's case serves to show how the transnational trends of latin music contribute to create a simultaneous sense of Latinidad and Colombianidad. Focusing on the commercial significance of understanding of what latino is or should be, this paper aims to interrogate current understandings of Latinidad in the realm of latin music and popular culture.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.21
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• pp.289-306
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• 2010

In Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy, the narrator grows up with the burden of colonial legacies embedded with Englands' imperial disciplinary projects, its language, educational institutions, discourses. Colonial education interpellates the narrator into a colonial subject through its multiple ideological discourses and systems. Teaching the literature of England is the most insidious form of the Empire's disciplinary colonial projects, more powerful than military enforcement: Its mode of operation is creating phantasy and instigating and planting desire for such phantasy. As Homi Bhabha aptly theorizes as colonial mimicry and ambivalence, the narrator as colonial subject grows up split and confused as an ambivalent subject, simultaneously mimicking and desiring for the phantasized England as real, while resisting and criticizing such up-bringing and mimetic desire. This paper explores Kincaid's rhetorical strategy of employing Wordsworth's poem, "I Wandered as a Lonely Cloud," especially her use of the flower "daffodil." Employing the concept of "daffodil gap" suggested by postcolonial critics, this paper closely examines two episodes involving the flower daffodil in the novel, one in a colonial classroom and the other in a garden in a new world and suggests that Kincaid accomplishes intertextual critique of colonial education and imperial projects.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.271-275
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• 2015

A variety of evaluation application and initiatives on the adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) have been introduced in recent years. Most of which however, focused mainly on evaluating design to construction phase-processes, or BIM utilization performances. Through studying existing publications, it is found that continuous utilization of BIM data throughout the building's life cycle is comparatively less explored or documented. Therefore, this study looks at improving this incomplete life cycle condition with the concept that accumulated BIM data should be carried forward and statistically quantified for cross comparison, in order to facilitate practitioners to better improve the projects the future. Based on this conceptual theory of moving towards a closedloop BIM building life cycle, this study explores, through existing literature, the use of cloud based computing as the means to quantify and adaptively utilize BIM data. Categorization of BIM data relations in adaptive utilization of BIM data is then suggested as a initial step for enhancing cross comparison of BIM data in a cloud environment.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.796-805
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• 2002

This study examined the knowledge structure constructed by children before formal instruction, and successive changes in the structural complexity of knowledge during and after the learning of 'Structure and Function of Plant' unit. It also investigated how those changes were affected by children's learning modes. The researchers made the 5th graders draw the first draft of their concept map to see the pre-existing knowledge structure concerned with the unit and four more concept maps after completing every fourth lesson. And to see how long their knowledge structures were preserved, the researchers made children draw additional concept maps in 3 days, 3 months, and 7 months after completing the unit. Children drew their current concept maps on the basis of the previous one while learning the unit and without the previous one after completing the unit. Each concept map drawn by children showed the degree of their current understanding on the structures and functions of plants. The results revealed that only two levels of hierarchy and five relationships among the components of the first concept map(relationship, hierarchy, cross link and example) were proven to be valid in terms of conceptual relevance. Growth in the structural complexity of knowledge took place progressively throughout the unit and the effects of learning mode on the growth were favorably reflected in concept map scores of meaningful learners over time(relationship, cross link, example: p<.01, hierarchy: p<.05). Although there were some differences on the concept map scores between two types of learners, they commonly showed that knowledge restructuring had occurred apparently in the early periods from the 1st to the 6th lesson and had not occurred at all in the last period of the unit. The frequency of tuning was higher in rote learners than in meaningful learners throughout the unit, but the frequency of accretion was reverse. Concept map scores of rote learners constructed in the course of learning of the unit decreased little by little gradually in all the categories after completing the unit. However, the average total map score of meaningful learners increased a little more in 7 months than in 3 months after completing the unit. Therefore it can be inferred that meaningful learners construct more stable and well-differentiated knowledge structures than the rote learners.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.123-127
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose spatial prediction model for landslide hazard mapping that can account for the fuzziness of boundaries in thematic maps showing the different environmental impacts, depending on the scales and the resolutions of them. The fuzziness or uncertainty of boundary is represented in favourability function based on fuzzy object concept and the effects of them are quantitatively evaluated with the help of cross validation procedures. To illustrate the proposed schemes, a case study from Boeun, Korea was carried out. As a result, the proposed schemes are helpful to account for intrinsic uncertainties in categorical maps and can be effectively adopted in spatial prediction models for other purposes.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.440-443
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• 2004

As a main management unit of MSC, PMU controls the MSC payload operation by issuing commands to other subunit and PMU internal modules. One of these main control functions is to drive the APS(Antenna Pointing System) when APS motion is required. For this purpose, SBC(Single Board Computer) for calculating motor commands and APDE for driving APM(Antenna Pointing Mechanism) by PWM signal operate inside PUM. In this paper, details on APDE design shall be described such as electronic board architecture, primary and redundant design concept, Cross-Strap, FPGA contents and latch-up immune concept, etc., which shall show good practices of electronic board design for space program.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2013

Objectives: This paper aims to give a review on the concept, the type, and the purpose of intersectoral collaboration, to provide a framework of intersectoral collaboration, and to review the effectiveness of intersectoral collaboration. Methods: Peer-reviewed journals were searched in Pubmed using the terms of 'intersectoral collaboration,' 'multi-sector policy,' 'intersectoral partnership,' and 'cross-sector collaboration.' In total, 240 papers were identified. After reviewing the abstracts of these papers, 59 papers were chosen to be reviewed in full-text. Contents were extracted from these papers that were pertinent to the research questions. Results: Intersectoral collaboration has been advocated since Alma Ata Declaration. However, it has been largely ignored in practice. Various factors including context, support, task, team, interactional process, individual, and overarching factors can affect the success and the failure of intersectoral collaboration. Conclusions: Some strategies to facilitate intersectoral collaboration activities and future research agenda were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1295-1300
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• 2006

Purpose. The purposes of this methodologic paper are to (1) describe theoretical background in conducting research across different cultures; (2) address measurement issues related to instrument administration; and (3) provide strategies to deal with measurement issues. Methods. A thorough review of the literature was conducted. A theoretical background is provided, and examples of administering instrument in studies are described. Results. When applying an instrument to different cultures, both equivalence and bias need to be established. Three levels of equivalence, i.e., construct equivalence, measurement unit equivalence, and full score comparability, need to be explained to maintain the same concept being measured. In this paper, sources of bias in construct, method, and item are discussed. Issues related to instrument administration in a cross-cultural study are described. Conclusion. Researchers need to acknowledge various group differences in concept and/or language that include a specific set of symbols and norms. There is a need to question the philosophical and conceptual appropriateness of an assessment measure that has been conceptualized and operationalized in a different culture. Additionally, testing different response formats such as narrowing response range can be considered to reduce bias.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.245-250
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• 2005

Currently, many countries in the world operate double deck trains as one of the efficient, reliable and comfortable mass transportation systems. However, double deck trains have relatively big cross sectional areas that cause interface problems between the vehicles and infrastructures, and do not have enough spaces for installing electric equipments. Therefore, prior to the operation of double deck trains on the existing lines in Korea, careful investigations should be performed. In this study, we have designed the concept model of a double deck EMU train system and analyzed related problems.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.167-181
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• 2006

This paper reviews regional innovation policy in Japan. 'Technopolis' policy, the first technology-based regional development policy in the world, was implemented in Japan. Nonetheless, technology-based regional endogenous development did not occur. Then, regional technology transfer was pursued. In order to make use of universities and public research institutes in a region for development, university-industry collaboration and cross-over, such as university spin-offs, were promoted. Within this background, new technology-based regional development policies have been introduced based on a cluster approach. These policies are the knowledge cluster Initiative and the industrial cluster program. However, existing companies have difficulty in carrying out innovation. This paper argues that a cluster to create new start-ups that carry out innovation is also needed and explains a new concept of venturing cluster. Based on this new cluster concept, this paper analyzes the situation of Sapporo in Japan, where many university spin-offs are being created in the biotechnology field.