• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.41
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• pp.7-42
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• 2011

The social welfare law concerning the children, the elderly and the disabled has been sufficiently in the center of the discussion in the academic as well as practical arena. One can find however rarely academic proposals about the way of understanding, spheres affiliated with this legal system, and systematic characteristics. So these problems stay now vague. This article aims to approach to these points of issue. First, it tries to reveal the physical, psychological and psychic characteristics of these group of people. These situation are not to be effectively protected by norms and measures provided by other instruments of social security, i.e. social insurances and social assistances. Second, based upon these functional limits inherent to these instruments of social security the own system of the social welfare law is explored in this article. The discussing points are as follows; 1. the concept of social welfare law, 2. as core principles; realization of the personality and freedom based upon self-determination right, universalism and equality. 3. rearrangements of the legal provisions to bring harmony with the legal purpose and function of social welfare law. Finally, it is pointed that the evaluation of the relevant legislation is essential, since in this area the difference between the norm purpose and the reality could be immense.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-139
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• 2016

This article tries to compare exchange relations between welfare and dictatorship in the East Germany and the North Korea. Unlike capitalist welfare aiming at correcting market results socialist welfare has been proposed to satisfy people's basic needs, but it had operated as instrument of dictatorship. Relation between welfare and dictatorship could be distinguished as hard exchange and soft one in line with social construction of welfare. Welfare-dictatorship relation in East Germany had developed from its formation(1949-1970s), crisis(1980s) and dissolution(1989-1990). There had established hard exchange relation in which the legitimacy of dominance had debted to welfare as social rights. While crisis of the exchange relation had been modest in a form of insufficient supply of consumption goods, it was one of the elements of collapse of dictatorship, leading to the unification with West Germany. The journey of the exchange relation in North Korea can be characterized by its formation(1948-1980), crisis(1990s-2000s), and transformation(2010s). Unlike East Germany, welfare was socially constructed as gift form the ruler to the ruled, which made the combination of welfare and dictatorship loosely coupled. Although economic crisis was severe compared to East German one the rulers have succeeded maintaining dictatorial dominance by creating dual exchange relation. They separated core group and subordinated one supporting the former at the expense of the latter. They blocked out most of the people from soft exchange relation making bad use of muddling-through life style dependent on market activities. This strategy led to a 'dictatorship neutral welfare extinction'. Taking the high degree of institutionalization of newly establishing welfare-dictatorship relation into account, lives of most people are hardly expected to be improved by gift by their rulers even if North Korean economy will recover in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.417-425
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• 2020

Recently, the development of weapons systems in conjunction with the Fourth Industrial Revolution has increased the number of weapon systems that integrate individual commercial systems by actively incorporating the superior fields of private commercial technologies. In the case of such commercial product-based weapons systems, however, the development of ILS elements across all areas, such as technical manual, military field maintenance support equipment, interactive electronic technical manual (IETM), and Computer Based Training (CBT) development, and weapons system Reliability, Availability, Maintainability(RAM) target values, and logistics support analysis (LSA) was requested to expand the level of development by developers. The commercial product-based System Integration (SI) weapon system will be able to complete the comprehensive military balance for complementing and effective maintenance of the military and developers only when the ILS development, which is limited to the essential elements of the required group, Request For Proposal (RFP) and Post-Logistics Support (PLS) directions were applied in the framework of outsourcing maintenance implementation. As a result, by checking the operation status of current weapons systems, the logistics support of commercial product-based weapon systems selected outsourcing as the basic policy that is decided based on the development requirements, focusing on maintaining operation through a rational decision-making process, and presented a plan for applying the development plan to the RFP for the determined core elements and PLS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.238-252
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• 2020

In this study, we analyzed the types of rebuttals in the argument structure of learning contents in lesson plans constructed by Earth science preservice teachers, and then we explored examples of how they responded to resolving the rebuttal. As a result of analyzing preservice teachers' assignments, discussions, and interviews collected during a total of 20 hours of classes and group discussions for 5 weeks, all 5 types of rebuttals suggested by Verheij (2005) were identified. Through the data analysis, a total of 18 rebuttal cases derived, and these cases were classified into 3 types according to how preservice teachers solve the rebuttals in class. The conclusions and implications based on the results are as follows: First, this study provided empirical data that the thinking process of validating core elements of argumentation and processes of argumentation is actively taking place in preservice teachers' lesson planning using the argument structure, and expanded the scope of application of argumentation in science education research. Second, the argument structure of learning contents should be used to help teachers to come up with strategies to induce students' curiosity and devotion to learn science contents. Third, preservice teachers should have the opportunity to think about the nature of science, including the variability and uncertainty of scientific knowledge when they discover rebuttals and develop solutions to them. Based on these conclusions, implications and suggestions for science education and further research were suggested.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.64
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• pp.323-345
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• 2020

This study investigated the recognition and difficulty of Christian early childhood education curriculum of Christian early childhood education by analyzing cases of Christian early childhood curriculum experienced by 10 Christian early childhood teachers with more than 4 years of experience in the metropolitan area. From April 4 to June 24, 2018, data were collected by transcribing through a total of 22 interviews: individual interviews (20 times) and group interviews (2 times). In order to categorize the interview data, derive the core categories, and increase the accuracy and validity of data interpretation, it was sent to the study participants for member check and verified by two early childhood education experts. As a result, the perception and difficulty of Christian early childhood teachers' perceptions and difficulties in the Christian curriculum were analyzed as 'Applying Church Education to Nuri Course', 'Applying Nuri Course to Church Education', and 'Learners Understanding for Integration of Church Education and Nuri Course' did. It is hoped that the understanding of the Christian early childhood curriculum will be helped through the recognition and difficulty of the Christian early childhood curriculum experienced by Christian early childhood teachers, and will be provided as basic data for finding a desirable Christian early childhood curriculum.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.35
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• pp.427-476
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• 2020

Park Wudang formally registered Daesoon Jinrihoe in 1969. While it shares ideas and history with other Jeungsanist groups, this paper argues that its organizational profile is unique. The two major institutional structures, the bonbu (headquarters) and the bangmyeon (branch) have together created space for the rapid development of this Korean new religion. The bonbu is a centralized hierarchy, while the bangmyeon exhibits the strong loyalty and cohesiveness of the clan. Running throughout both structural forms is the lineage concept, which is conceived here as an articulating paradigm able to operate in different organizational forms. This finely-balanced institutional structure makes a major contribution to Daesoon Jinrihoe's ability to fulfill its religious mission. The first side of this balance is the headquarters, which includes the core organization based in Yeoju as well as some outside temples and training centers. All of these were established under the direction of the Lord of Principle, the Dojeon, Park Wudang. Park Wudang also fixed the Dao Constitution, the Doheon, which serves as a blueprint for governance. From the Central Council to the various institutions for propagation, guidance, and auditing, current management practices conform closely to Park Wudang's organization vision. The second aspect of Daesoon Jinrihoe's organization is the branch structure. The larger branches, such as Yeongwol and Geumreung, are complex organizations in their own rights. The paper concludes by characterizing the two major axes of headquarters and branch as organizational types. Using Robert Quinn and Kim Cameron's institutional typology, the paper concludes that the bonbu is a classic centralized hierarchy with its focus on efficiency. The bangmyeon, in contrast, with its high level of group identity and spirit, comes approximates the clan institutional structure.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.111-123
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• 2022

Artificial intelligence, which is developing as the core of an intelligent information society, is bringing convenience and positive life changes to humans. However, with the development of artificial intelligence, human rights and property are threatened, and ethical problems are increasing, so alternatives are needed accordingly. In this study, the most controversial artificial intelligence ethics problem in the dysfunction of artificial intelligence was aimed at researching and developing artificial intelligence ethical measurement indicators to protect human personality rights and property first under artificial intelligence ethical principles and components. In order to research and develop artificial intelligence ethics measurement indicators, various related literature, focus group interview(FGI), and Delphi surveys were conducted to derive 43 items of ethics measurement indicators. By survey and statistical analysis, 40 items of artificial intelligence ethics measurement indicators were confirmed and proposed through descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis for ethical measurement indicators. The proposed artificial intelligence ethics measurement indicators can be used for artificial intelligence design, development, education, authentication, operation, and standardization, and can contribute to the development of safe and reliable artificial intelligence.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.707-721
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• 2022

In this study, a state-of-the-art review on urban inundation simulation technology was presented summarizing major achievements and limitations, and future research recommendations and challenges. More than 160 papers published in major domestic academic journals since the 2000s were analyzed. After analyzing the core themes and contents of the papers, the status of technological development was reviewed according to simulation methodologies such as physically-based and data-driven approaches. In addition, research trends for application purposes and advances in overseas and related fields were analyzed. Since more than 60% of urban inundation research used Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), developing new modeling techniques for detailed physical processes of dual drainage was encouraged. Data-based approaches have become a new status quo in urban inundation modeling. However, given that hydrological extreme data is rare, balanced research development of data and physically-based approaches was recommended. Urban inundation analysis technology, actively combined with new technologies in other fields such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and metaverse, would require continuous support from society and holistic approaches to solve challenges from climate risk and reduce disaster damage.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.55
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• pp.75-113
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• 2020

This research aims to identify current issues of arts education programs which have designed for North Korean Refugee Youth in South Korea and then navigates further steps to better serve the group. The purpose of study also pertains to the '2010 Seoul Agenda: Goals for the Development of Arts Education' announced at the Second World Conference on Arts Education, particularly, to the third Goal indicating how arts education practices can contribute to resolving social and cultural issues and promoting social cohesion and intercultural dialogues (UNESCO, 2010). This research engages with critical theory approach and adopts qualitative content analysis for collected documents and interview data. Based on the findings of this research, interview participants found its need of current arts education program for North Korean refugee youth become more value-driven and participant-centered. Currently, those programs available seem to incline to helping their adjustment to the South Korean society through arts-related activities, such as enhancing Korean language skills and learning Korean culture. Rather, it has been addressed that providing emotional and psychological supports and opportunities to search their own 'voice(s)' should be core objectives of the arts education programs. Moreover, when it is offered, arts educators and administrators need to make sure that participants can feel safe and secure as being present at the space for programs in order to express and encounter their true inner voice(s).

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.173-185
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present a reflective review of the earth and universe units from the revised elementary curriculum of 2007-2015 and suggest changes in the 2022 revised curriculum. For this purpose, we conducted an FGI with earth science educators and elementary school teachers regarding the content elements and system, the achievement standards and inquiry activity composition, and the vertical and horizontal curriculum connectivity. Free response and weighted hierarchical analysis items were incorporated into the FGI to ensure logical consistency of the inductively derived improvement. This analysis revealed that the composition of units by grade group had been unevenly distributed among each of the "earth systems" until the 2015 revised curriculum was finalized. Furthermore, the basic concept was still insufficient. We suggest that achievement standards centered on the learning content and skills must state specific scientific core competencies, and inquiry activities should include rigorous critical thinking, student written responses, and student inquiry and analysis. In the hierarchical analysis items, FGI emphasized the inclusion of essential content elements rather than reduction of content elements, understanding-oriented concept learning rather than interest-centered phenomenon learning, basic concept division learning before integration between subjects, and expanding vertical-horizontal connectivity rather than repeating and advancing learning. There is a limit to the generalizing the suggestions proposed in this study to the common opinion of elementary earth science experts. However, since the main vision of the 2022 revised curriculum is to gather opinions through educational entities' participation in a variety of educational subjects, it is suggested that our results should be incorporated as one of the opinions proposed for the 2022 curriculum revision.