• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.127-142
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the stress level of teachers and their management measures, the school environments affecting on the characteristics of teachers and how the health status of school teachers have effect on the stress level of school teachers in our nation. Methods: The study conducted to 900 high school teachers in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Kwangju and Daejeon. The investigation was carried out for 5 months from March 10 to July 10, 2007. Results: The stress level of test subjects was $15.55{\pm}3.14$ in 30 point scale (51.8 in 100 point scale). The overall level scored 3.71 in 8 point scale (46.4 in 100 point scale), and the average of stress management methods was 15.51 in 36 point scale (55.8 in 100 point scale). Therefore, stress management methods should be developed to solve stress and to reduce the causes of stress variables of high school teachers to teach students healthily in good health status without stress, which can allow us to have healthy families and society though the ripple effects. In addition, the related governments, organizations, related experts and teachers should take effort by paying more attention to increase the life quality of teachers to enjoy healthy life.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

The Earth's surface temperature still continues to rise, and extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves, drought, and precipitation have been repeated every year. It is reported that international communities attribute the main cause of the Earth's surface temperature rise to the excessive use of the fossil energy. Recently, the damage caused by climate change is getting worse, and the place where we live is suffering the most. Cities have been continuously growing not only meeting the basic functions of human habitation, work and leisure but also being places for various economic and social activities. But Cities, the victims of climate change, have grown only considering human needs and convenience rather than predicting their physical and ecological systems(Albedo effects, urban microclimate, resources and energy of the circulatory system, etc). In other words, the cities offer the cause of the problems of climate change, and even worsen the extreme weather phenomena without coping with them. Therefore, it is urgent priorities to protect the climate, to prevent the causes of the extreme weather phenomena and to enhance the adaptive capacity for the worse weather events. This study is to derive the concept for adapting to these climate changes which can make cities escape from exposure to these climate change impacts and make themselves safer places to live. And it analyzes some European cities and present developing models to implement planning methods. In this study, the concept of the climate adaptive cities will be suggested to prepare the adaptation measures for urban planners, and climate change adaptation models will be presented by analyzing some preliminary cases.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.20-28
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• 2018

Currently, sharp increase of car is on the rise as a serious social problem due to loss of lives from car accident and environmental pollution. There is a study on ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) to seek coping measures. As for the commercialization of ITS, we aim for occupancy of world market through ASV (Advanced Safety Vehicle) related system development and international standardization. However, the domestic environment is very insufficient. Core factor technologies of ITS are Adaptive Cruise Control, Lane Keeping Assist System, Forward Collision Warning System, AEB (Autonomous Emergency Braking) system etc. These technologies are applied to cars to support driving of a driver. AEB system is stop the car automatically based on the result decided by the relative speed and distance with obstacle detected through sensor attached on car rather than depending on the driver. The purpose of AEB system is to measure the distance and speed of car and to prevent accident. Thus, AEB will be a system useful for prevention of accident by decreasing car accident along with the development of automobile technology. This study suggests a scenario to suggest a test evaluation method that accords with domestic environment and active response of international standard regarding the test evaluation method of AEB. Also, by setting the goal with function for distance, it suggests theoretic model according to the result. And the study aims to verify the theoretic evaluation standard per proposed scenario using car which is installed with AEB device through field car driving test on test road. It will be useful to utilize the suggested scenario and theoretical model when conducting AEB test evaluation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.133-152
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• 2015

Cause of the technology leakage and trade secrets can be leaked to the lack of infrastructure, lack of coping skills of SMEs. In addition, small businesses can avoid technology outflow and re-experience the same half of the damage, even when the external leak developed after the fact and does not demonstrate such technology leakage time for the technology and situation which did not take any action, security, infrastructure investments difficult, work-related knowledge, lack of security, trade secret protection dedicated staff, inadequate legal and institutional measures have been identified as such complaints to date. For subcontracting, etc. mid-sized transactions, hinder the growth of SMEs, SME cross-technology leakage to the increase in unfair practices, including useful, and this has been accompanied by growth-based business-to-business it weakened.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group music therapy for at-risk Korean soldiers on the levels of adjustment and stress. The study was conducted at a division of the Korean Army with 7 participants who were classified as "at-risk soldiers" based on the results of a psychiatric evaluation, MMPI-II and a personal interview with a counselor. The participants received 12 hours of group music therapy for three weeks and their scores on stress and adjustment inventories were compared before and after the treatment. The pre and post scores were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test for repeated measures. The results revealed that the overall stress level was significantly decreased while there was no significant improvement in the adjustment levels at p < .05. The research findings and personal remarks from the participants suggest that group music therapy may provide effective support for at-risk Korean soldiers in coping with stress and adjustment to military life.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.210-214
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• 2006

Along with the development of industrious society, the shape of city and the way of life have changed in accordance. The development of the city deepened gravitation of the city population, leading to the lack of housing and land, and apartment complexes became an alternative way of securing a number of families into a small space of land. Apartment can have a lot of families reside In a small space of land, and it can also be satisfactory to individual's privacy and anti-crime measures. On the other hand, there are negative problems with it. Among them, contacts with neighboring people showed that they only greeted each other when they met in the walkway. As shown in this, one of the reasons that there is a lack of friend ship activities is because there is short of space for common use. And in comparison to those of stairway walkway, apartments with one-passage walk way showed a higher level of contacts with neighbors. It is assumed that apartments with one-passage walk way have more chances to meet neighbors than do those of stairway walkway. This study analyzed the phases appearing in neighbor relations through investigation of the literature, and presented a coping measure. One solution is to prepare flower beds from the outside of walkway by enlarging the width of the walkway in apartments with one-passage walk way, and providing benches in front of flower beds so that residents can take a rest there. The more often residential people take a rest there, the more frequently they can meet each other. Accordingly this can solve problems of contacts with neighbors and the dreary scene of walkway can become a wider view in a nature friendly environment, bringing them to an active acquaintance activities.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of activities of daily living (ADL) functional status and to examine the relationships between sense of coherence(SOC), depression, and uncertainty in gynecologic cancer patients who were receiving chemotherapy. Method: A prospective, longitudinal design with repeated measures was utilized. Women reported depression, SOC, and uncertainty at the beginning of the first cycle of chemotherapy, and they recorded ADL functional status everyday for two consecutive treatment cycles. the The instruments used were the Karnofsky Performance Status Index, Orientation to Life Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Adult Form. Result: Data from 42 women showed that the ADL functional status during the second cycle was better than that of the first cycle with significant improvement each week. However, it did not completely recover to the baseline level even three weeks after the treatment ended in both cycles. SOC was correlated with depression(r=-.64, p<.001) and uncertainty(r=-.62, p<.001). Uncertainty was related to depression (r=.66, p<.001) and to functional status during the second cycle(r=-.45, p<.05), while the scores of the functional status during the two cycles were not related. Conclusion: Changing patterns and level of functional status during the treatment phase would be useful information for cancer patients to prepare coping strategies for positive health outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.183-190
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate experiences, convergent responses and expected negative impacts of verbal abuse of 253 paramedic students when they were doing clinical training practice. The results were as follows. First, 34%(86 people) experienced verbal abuse, the most frequently verbal abuse was done by Patients and Patient's family. Second, the most frequently contents of verbal abuse by Patient and Patient's family, Paramedic, Doctor and Nurse was 'Talking down or rude talk to me'. Third, the most frequently emotional responses of the students was 'Angry' and coping was 'Tolerate'. Fourth, the most frequently expected negative impacts was 'Practice productivity will be compromised'. Fifth, when experiencing verbal abuse by Paramedic was correlated with emotional responses(r=.458 p=.000), emotional responses was correlated with stress and expected negative impacts(r=.553 p=.000, r=.540 p=.000). In conclusion, it will be necessary to provide preventive education on verbal abuse before clinical training practice and to take active measures that have been protocolized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.107-117
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• 2013

Problems in regard of ecological stability of urban ecosystem ensue from climate change and urbanization. Particularly, urban ecological conditions are deteriorating both quantitatively and qualitatively to a great extent. The present study aims to assess the current condition of selected sites (i. e. urban green zones and parks) in terms of preset assessment components; to find out problems and relevant solutions to improve the quality and quantity of parks and green zones; and ultimately to suggest some measures applicable to coping with climate change as well as to securing the ecological attributes of urban green zones and parks. According to the findings of this study, from quantitative perspectives, ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change are high on account of the large natural-soil area(80%). By contrast, from qualitative perspectives including the planting structure (1 layer: 47%), the percentage of bush area(17%), the connectivity with surrounding green zones (independent types: 44%), the wind paths considered (5.6%), the tree species with high carbon absorption rates (20%), water cycles (17%), energy (8%) and carbon storage capacities(61%), ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change were found very low. These findings suggest that the ecological values of urban parks and green zones should be improved in the future by conserving their original forms, securing natural-soil grounds and employing multi-layered planting structures and water bodies, and that responsiveness to climate change should be enhanced by planting tree species with high carbon storage capacities and obtaining detention ponds. In sum, robust efforts should be exerted in the initial planning stages, and sustained, to apply the methodology of green-zone development along with securing ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.47
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• pp.71-106
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to provide information on the prevalence and change of Korean adolescent alcohol use and to identify related factors to adolescent alcohol use. This study collected data from a total of 4,373 adolescents nationally. Followings are the major findings of this study. First, 75.7 percent of respondents reported that they tried alcohol in their life time. More male respondents tried alcohol in their lifetime than female respondents, but there was no big difference. Findings on alcohol consumption by grade showed that as adolescents get older, they are more likely to try alcohol. Second, this study also found that whereas the drinking rates of male adolescents and higher graders were steady, the rates of female adolescents and lower graders were increased since 1997. Third, this study compared its findings with adolescent alcohol use in the United States. Little differences existed in measures of adolescent alcohol use in the two countries, but the differences in the rates of the past-month alcohol use and heavy drinking was greater in Korean adolescents than in American adolescents. Finally, this study found that peer related factors such as friend's alcohol use was the strongest factor related to respondents' alcohol use. Family-related factors and respondents' levels of psychosocial resources (cognitive control, coping skills, social support) were also significantly related to their alcohol use. This study suggest that future studies consider cultural aspects and regional differences in order to understand adolescent alcohol use in more depth.