• 아동학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.57-75
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the rate of occurrence of challenging behaviors in young children according to their increase in age. The study is based on the responses of teachers in child care centers(N=246). They were asked which 38 types of challenging behavior occur most among ages 2, 3, 4, or 5 in young children's classrooms. The major results of this study were as follows. First, the occurrence rates of young children's challenging behaviors were classified into 5 clusters; decreased(Cluster 1, Cluster 2, Cluster 3), maintained(Cluster 4), or increased(Cluster 5) according to increases in their respective ages. Second, the behaviors such as throwing tantrums and biting, evident in Cluster 1, decreased very rapidly from a very high occurrence rate by age 3. The classroom culture maladjustment behaviors such as running aimlessly around the classroom and shouting, apparent in Cluster 2, had decreased rapidly from a high occurrence rate by age 4. The intentional classroom disruptive behaviors such as dropping objects to create noise and the peer culture maladjustment behaviors studied in Cluster 3 decreased gradually from a rate of medium occurrence by age 5. These results revealed the discontinuity which a few young children exhibit. Third, hurting others, observed in Cluster 4 maintained a low occurrence rate from age 2 until age 5. Using inappropriate language and threatening others in Cluster 5 increased gradually from a low occurrence at 2 to a high rate of occurrence at age 5. By carefully examining the change of young children's challenging behaviors on the basis of objective data in terms of the continuity/discontinuity and increased/decreased rate of diverse challenging behaviors, we will be better able help teachers and parents to plan the instruction, prevention and intervention of young children's challenging behaviors.

• 복식
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.74-90
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• 2008

Since the late of 20th Century, philosophy, art, and aesthetics have attention to the movement of object that persue the dynamics and qualitative change, not existing fixed and quantitative object. Qualitative continuity, including discontinuity of specific spot and surface that occurs sudden change, is distinct characteristics considered in contemporary logo civilization, which combines and disperses according as various purpose among the different elements and objects. Therefore, I studied about the characteristics of qualitative continuity that creates the change and the differentiation continuously through the "formative characteristics of the continuity expressed in contemporary fashion" of my preceding paper. This paper is the following study of above mentioned paper, and Investigates about aesthetic consciousness leading to the various change. This is intends to consider the trans-aesthetic consciousness that accepts dynamic movement and change the different object and reforms new relationship continuously. This studies' conclusion is as follows; 1) sublimity-Infinity, de-constructive, excessive 2) jouissance - functional, structural 3) paradox-perceptual, spatial. A study about the trans-aesthetic consciousness would help to offer philosophical basis, and make a change building aesthetic foundation in explaining various relationship like as phenomenon of the retro, neo, post, fusion expressed since the late of 20th Century.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.217-256
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• 2013

This study addresses the issue of the continuity in Indonesia's party system with respect to Islam, authoritarian legacy and income, using the urban-based individual face-to-face survey data. The existing studies focus on the historical continuity of the Indonesian party system between the 1955 and 1999 democratic elections. Yet, this study deals with the continuity and discontinuity between the pre-transitional 1997 election and the transitional 1999 election. It finds that the effect of Islam is largely independent of the democratic transition: Islam-oriented voters under the authoritarian rule tend to remain in the Islamic camp even during and after the democratic transition, while most of the secular voters prior to the democratic transition continue to shun any Islamic parties during the democratization. The effect of authoritarian legacy is also found to be meaningful, even if not as sticky as Islam. Finally, the variable of income is significant. Contrary to the popular belief, the PDIP is not a party of the urban poor but the PPP is the urban poor's favorite choice. This implies the linkage between poverty and political Islam.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.207-223
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• 2015

본 연구는 유치원 교육과정과 초등 교육과정의 연계성을 강조하는 2015 개정 교육과정 개발 연구가 진행되고 있는 현 시점에서 3~5세 연령별 누리과정과 2009 개정 교육과정에 따른 초등학교 수학과 교육과정의 내용 연계성을 분석하고, 그 결과에 기초하여 연계가 미흡한 내용에 대한 연계성 확보 방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 누리과정 내에서 '수학적 탐구하기'의 위상을 고찰하고, 수학적 내용측면에서 내용 영역의 범주 및 3~5세 누리과정의 수학적 탐구하기의 세부 내용과 초등학교 수학과 교육과정의 1~2학년군 성취기준을 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 각 내용 영역에서 역연계 및 비연계 요소가 파악되었으며, 그에 따른 논의로부터 유치원 교육과정과 초등수학 교육과정의 내용 연계성을 확보하기 위한 시사점을 제안하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1259-1263
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• 1999

In this paper, a method to guarantee system continuity is developed, which can be applied to discontinuity problem in the time domain of restructurable control system. This method can be summarized as input alternation using weight change considering convergence speed of system mode. Input is changed from 'system continuity guarantee input,' which is defined as a input that minimizes the change of state variables, to 'alternative controller input,' which is selected by Neil's PI/EAM[3]. AIDC aircraft model is used for simulation. By showing the waveform of system input and state variable, we can sure that this method is effective for depression of system shock like jerk.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.159-171
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• 1999

We formulate and study a finite element method for a linearized steady state, compressible, viscous Navier-Stokes equations in 2D, based on the discontinuous Galerkin method. Dislike the standard discontinuous galerkin method, we do not assume that the triangle sides be bounded away from the characteristic direction. the unique stability follows from the inf-sup condition established on the finite dimensional spaces for the (incompressible) Stokes problem. An error analysis having a jump discontinuity for pressure is shown.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1995년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.153-160
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• 1995

Mixed finite element formulations for incompressible materials show pressure oscillations or pressure modes in four-node quadrilateral elements. The criterion for the stability in the pressure solution is the so-called Babufka-Brezzi stability condition, and the four-node elements based on mixed variational principles do not appear to satisfy this condition. In this study, a pressure continuity residual based on the pressure discontinuity at element edges is used to study the stabilization of pressure solutions in bilinear displacement-constant pressure four-node quadrilateral elements. It is shown that the pressure solutions, although stable, exhibit sensitivity to the stabilization parameters.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.635-682
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• 2023

In this paper, we consider linear elliptic systems from composite materials where the coefficients depend on the shape and might have the discontinuity between the subregions. We derive a function which is related to the gradient of the weak solutions and which is not only locally piecewise Hölder continuous but locally Hölder continuous. The gradient of the weak solutions can be estimated by this derived function and we also prove the local piecewise gradient Hölder continuity which was obtained by the previous results.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

Optimizing truck dispatching-intervals is imperative in ready mixed concrete (RMC) delivery process. Intervals shorter than optimal may induce queuing of idle trucks at a construction site, resulting in a long delivery cycle time. On the other hand, intervals longer than optimal can trigger work discontinuity due to a lack of available trucks where required. Therefore, the RMC delivery process should be systematically scheduled in order to minimize the occurrence of waiting trucks as well as guarantee work continuity. However, it is challenging to find optimal intervals, particularly in urban areas, due to variations in both traffic conditions and concrete placement rates at the site. Truck dispatching intervals are usually determined based on the concrete plant managers' intuitive judgments, without sufficient and reliable information regarding traffic and site conditions. Accordingly, the RMC delivery process often experiences inefficiency and/or work discontinuity. Automatic data collection (ADC) techniques (e.g., RFID or GPS) can be effective tools to assist plant managers in finding optimal dispatching intervals, thereby enhancing delivery performance. However, quantitative evidence of the extent of performance improvement has rarely been reported to data, and this is a central reason for a general reluctance within the industry to embrace these techniques, despite their potential benefits. To address this issue, this research reports on the development of a discrete event simulation model and its application to a large-scale building project in Abu Dhabi. The simulation results indicate that ADC techniques can reduce the truck idle time at site by 57% and also enhance the pouring continuity in the RMC delivery process.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.257-272
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• 2015

본 연구는 2015 개정 교육과정의 총론의 중점 중 하나인 유치원 교육과정과 초등학교 교육과정의 연계 강화와 관련된다. 교육현장의 교사들이 교육과정보다 교과서에 더욱 의존적이라는 사실에 비추어 누리과정 교사용 지도서의 수학 활동과 초등 수학 교과서의 연계성을 분석하고, 그 결과에 기초하여 연계가 미흡한 내용에 대한 연계성 확보 방안을 제안하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 구체적으로 누리과정 교사용 지도서와 초등 1, 2학년 수학 교과서를 수학 내용, 수학 용어와 기호, 수학적 과정의 세 가지 측면에서 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석대상은 3~5세 연령별 누리과정에 따른 교사용 지도서와 2009 개정 수학과 교육과정에 따른 초등학교 1, 2학년 수학 교과서이며, 본 연구와 동일선상에서 이루어진 누리과정과 초등학교 수학과 교육과정의 연계성 분석에 사용된 분석틀을 활용하였다. 각각에 대한 분석 결과를 제시하고, 그에 따른 논의로부터 양자 간의 연계성 확보 방안과 교육과정 개정 및 수학 교과서, 누리과정 교사용 지도서 개발에 있어서의 시사점을 제안하였다.