• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.889-904
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• 2021

The planning of traditional urban has to face great challenges under the influence of the uncertainty and mobility of contemporary cities. While for this kind of challenge, it has brought the chance to develop Landscape Urbanism quickly. As an important practice place for Landscape Urbanism, open space provides a platform for many landscape designers to display. The purpose of this research is to explore the expression of the core content of Landscape Urbanism in open space, and propose the design tendency of open space in Korea. According to the constitution elements of urban open space and the core concept of Landscape Urbanism, this thesis establishes the analysis framework, which carries out the case empirical analysis for the open space of New York. Through case analysis, we can see that there are five major characteristics of Landscape Urbanism. That is, the integration or imitation of natural terrain, green infrastructure construction, emphasizing ecological resilience, adaptability to unplanned events, and analyzing the site from multiple scales. In this research, the design proposal proposed on the basis of Landscape Urbanism is able to provide enlightenment for the urban open space design of Korea in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.513-525
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• 2022

The immutability of blockchain is core elements of security of blockchain and guarantee data integrity. However, the characteristic that the data recoreded once in the blockchain cannot be modified has place for abuse by a specific user. In fact improper contents that is inappropriate to be recorded on the blockchain, such as harmful data and user personal data, is exposed on Bitcoin. As a way to manage improper content existing in the blockchain, there is a redactable blockchain using chameleon hash proposed for the first time by Ateniese. The redactable blockchain meet the right to be forgotten of GDPR by allowing data modification and deletion. Recently, Research on personal data management is being conducted in a redactable blockchain. Research by Jia et al. proposed a model that enables users to manage their personal data in the redactable blockchain. However, semi trusted regulators, which are blockchain participation nodes, have powerful authority in the blockchain, such as modification rights and deprivation of transaction rights for all blocks, which may cause side effects. In this paper, to weaken the authority of regulators in Y. Jia et al., we propose a method of authority subject altering and authority sharing, and propose a redactable blockchain-based authority change and access control system model based on applicable scenarios.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2021

This study intended to identify the differences of pre-service elementary school teachers' perceptions on instructional design between face-to-face and online instruction. Lesson plans for face-to-face and online instruction were analyzed by 84 participants who were seniors at C university of education. Results of content analysis indicate that 'Providing Learning Guidance' domain is the biggest domain in terms of the frequency gap between face-to-face and online instruction. Frequency differences by domains between face-to-face and online instruction were found to be significant as a result of Chi-square test. Frequency differences by instructional elements in the 'Providing Learning Guidance' domain between face-to-face and online instruction were found to be statistically significant as well. In conclusion, this study indicates the differences of pre-service elementary school teachers' perceptions on instructional design between face-to-face and online instruction, which implies the necessity for the development and implementation of professional development programs focusing on the perceptions on instructional design of online instruction for pre-service elementary school teachers.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.289-309
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• 2022

In recent years, astronomy has been snowballing: including Higgs particle discovery, black hole imaging, extraterrestrial exploration, and deep space observation. Students are also largely interested in astronomy. The purpose of this study is to discover what needs to be improved in the current astronomy curriculum in light of recent scientists' researches and discoveries. We collected keywords from all papers published from 2011 to 2020 in four selected journals-ApJ, ApJL, A&A, and MNRAS- by R package to examine research trends. The curriculum contents were extracted by synthesizing the in-service teachers' coding results in the 2015 revised curriculum document of six subjects (Science, Integrated Science, Earth Science I, Earth Science II, Physics II, Convergence Science). The research results are as follows: first, keywords that appear steadily in astronomy are 'galaxies: formation, galaxy: active, star: formation, accretion, method: numerical.' Second, astronomy curriculum includes all areas except the 'High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena' area within the common science curriculum learned by all students. Third, it is necessary to review the placement of content elements by subject and grade and to consider introducing new concepts based on astronomy research keywords. This is an exploratory study to compare curriculum and the field of scientific research that forms the basis of the subject. We expect to provide implications for a future revision of the astronomy curriculum as a primary ground investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.62-75
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• 2022

In this study, experiential STEAM program using 3D printer was produced focusing on the content elements of 'solar' in the 2015 revised science curriculum, and in order to find out the effectiveness of the STEAM program, analyzed creative problem solving, STEAM attitude, and STEAM satisfaction by applying it to two middle school 77 students simple random sampled. The results of this study are as follows. First, a solar tactile model was produced using a 3D printer, and a program was developed to enable students to actively learn experience-oriented activities through visual impairment experiences. Second, in the response sample t-test by the difference in pre- and post-score of STEAM attitude tests, significant statistical test results were shown in 'interest', 'consideration', 'self-concept', 'self-efficacy', and 'science and engineering career choice' sub-factors except 'consideration' and 'usefulness / value recognition' sub-factors (p<.05). Third,, the STEAM satisfaction test conducted after the application of the 3D printer-based STEAM program showed that the average value range of sub-factors were 3.66~3.97, which improved students' understanding and interest in science subjects through the 3D printer-based STEAM program.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.213-219
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• 2022

Building Ukraine as an independent, sovereign state requires the education of a citizen-patriot, able to live and work in a democracy, ensure the unity of Ukraine, feel constant responsibility for themselves, their people, country, seek to make a real contribution to the reform process. Modern modernization of the education system requires the search for new information and communication technologies that can ensure the formation of a citizen with an active civic position, which involves not only students mastering the rights and responsibilities of citizens, convincing them of the feasibility of democratic transformation of society, patriotic qualities and feelings, but also the identification of motivated civic actions. The pandemic and hostilities have led to significant changes in the field of education around the world, they have caused educational problems in Ukraine. At the beginning of the quarantine in the spring of 2020, all educational institutions in the emergency mode switched to distance learning. Intensive use of information and communication technologies in the life of modern society has led to a rethinking of the content of education and training of future professionals: the main role is played not so much by the information itself as the ability to work with it, critically comprehend and produce new knowledge; the main thing is not the amount of information, but its quality; information is needed for further practical application and transformation into knowledge, and the ability to work with information becomes one of the important competencies of the modern specialist in the new transformation of society: from information to the knowledge society. In this context, one of the main forms of training is distance learning, which is able to respond to the challenges of society. The main methodological positions that are taken into account in the construction of the structure and dynamics of the formation of civic responsibility of the individual during the use of information and communication technologies are highlighted. The structure of civil responsibility as a holistic system of information and communication technologies is outlined, which includes three subsystems that characterize the natural, social and systemic qualities of citizenship, interconnected hierarchically and synergistically.The constituent elements of the structural part of the model of civic culture of the individual are analyzed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.491-500
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• 2022

HK shiitake mushroom mycelium (HKSMM), containing 14% β-glucan, is a health functional food ingredient individually approved by the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety for liver health. The anti-inflammatory effect of a 50% aqueous ethanol extract of HKSMM (designated HKSMM50) was studied in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). An active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) was used as a positive control. LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells were treated with HKSMM50 and AHCC (0, 20, 100, 500 ㎍/ml) and cultured for 24 hr. Inflammation-related elements in the supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins in the cells was analyzed by Western blotting. The HKSMM50 lowered iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) contents in a concentration-dependent manner as compared to LPS treatment. Similarly, the HKSMM50 lowered the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The efficacy of the AHCC treatment was similar to that of the HKSSM50 treatments. These results indicate that HKSMM50 showed an anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells by down-regulation of NF-κB signaling and suggest that HKSMM could be used as a health functional food ingredient to help improve immune function.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.71-76
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• 2022

The innovative development of the 4th industry and the COVID-19 pandemic caused a great change in the education, eventually requiring elementary, middle and high schools, including kindergartens, to implement artificial intelligence(AI) education. However, since early childhood AI education is conducted in the form of results-oriented and special activities, the need for research on what early childhood AI education is and how to apply it to the Nuri curriculum has been raised. Accordingly, this study defined early childhood AI education through literature research, identified the contents of AI education, and organized and operated it in the Nuri curriculum. As a results, AI education for children should be conducted for the purpose of cultivating digital capabilities based on computing thinking skills, and computers, the Internet, and programs were extracted as sub-elements of child AI education contents. Two approaches were proposed to incorporate this into the Nuri curriculum. The first is to set each of the three AI education contents as a life theme, select sub-factors accordingly, and plan and implement activities suitable for each sub-factors. The second is to develop and operate AI education contents at the level of sub-educational activities in accordance with the life theme of the existing Nuri curriculum. It is hoped that this study will consider the characteristics of early childhood education and be organized in the Nuri curriculum to realize the true meaning of early childhood AI education, and more research on AI play education programs according to the five areas of the Nuri curriculum.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.269-289
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the policy and programs of the Seoul50Plus Foundation and to propose policies and programs to promote active aging of middle-aged and elderly people. A single case study was utilized as a research method. The analysis framework of case was approached with four frameworks: the context of policy and program, ideology-goal analysis of policy and program, supplier and customer analysis of policy and program, and process and domain analysis of policy and program. The analysis data included the homepage content of the Seoul50Plus Foundation, related 50+ policy and program data, active aging research papers at home and abroad, and presentation and meeting materials. The results of the research showed that the policy and program background and environment were essential elements for responding to environmental changes in the aging society. In terms of the philosophy-goal, job creation, social participation, and approach to life design were systematically carried out for the ideology of 'creating a new life vision' and promoting active aging. In terms of subject-target, the subject of policy implementation is systematically composed of three stages: 50+ foundation, 50+ campus, and 50+ center. The target was limited to 50+ generations(age 50~64) and had a problem that is limited to applicants. In the process-area analysis, programs such as educational support, work and entrepreneurship support, counseling information, and new-age cultural creation activities were designed to increase added value according to the characteristics of the middle-aged people. In conclusion, the future Seoul50Plus Foundation's policy and lifelong learning programs need to be systematically promoted through cooperation with businesses and universities, expanding the target audience, matching the characteristics of the middle-aged and elderly, and linkage among programs.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2022

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and is the second largest traded commodity after petroleum. Due to the great demand of this product, large amounts of waste is generated in the coffee industry, which are toxic and represent serious environmental problems. This study aims to study the possibility of recycling spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a mineral admixture by replacing the cement in the manufacturing of concrete. To recycle the coffee g rounds, the SCG was dried to remove moisture and fired in a kiln at 850 ℃ for 8 hours. Carbonized coffee grounds are produced as coffee grounds ash (CGA) through ball mill grinding. The chemical composition of the prepared coffee grounds ash was investigated using X-ray fluorescence (XFR). According to the chemical composition analysis, the major elements of coffee grounds ash are K₂O(51.74 %), CaO(15.92 %), P₂O₅(14.39 %), MgO(7.74 %) and SO₃(6.89 %), with small amounts of F₂O₃(0.66 %), SiO₂(0.59 %) and Al₂O₃(0.31 %) content. To evaluate quality and mechanical properties, substitutions of 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of coffee grounds ash (CGA) were tested. From the quality test results, the 28-day activity index of CGA5 reached 80 %, and the flow value ratio reached 96 %, which is comparable to the minimum requirement for second-grade FA. From the test results of the mortar, the optimal results have been found in specimens with 5 wt-% coffee grounds ash, showing good mechanical and physical properties.