• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.11c
• /
• pp.713-716
• /
• 2003

In recent, the contactless IC card is widely used in traffic, access control system and so forth. Contactless smart cards use a technology that enables card readers to provide power for transactions and communications without making physical contact with the cards. Usually electromagnetic signal is used for communication between the card and the reader. Contactless card is highly suitable for large quantity of card access and data transaction. And its use becomes a general tendency more and more because of the development of RF technology and improvement of requirement for user convenience. This paper describes the hardware module to process contactless protocol for implementation contactless IC card. And the hardware module consists of specific digital logic circuits that analyze digital signal from analog circuit and then generate data & status signal for CPU, and that convert the data from CPU into digital signal for analog circuit.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.10A no.3
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2003

In recent, as a typical example of RFID, the contactless IC card is widely used in traffic, access control system and so forth. And its use becomes a general tendency more and more because of the development of RF technology and improvement of requirement for user convenience. This paper describes the hardware module to process embedded contactless protocol for implementation contactless IC card. And the hardware module consists of analog circuits and specific digital logic circuits. This paper also describes more effective design method of contactless IC card, which method separates into analog circuit parts, digital logic circuit part, and software parts according to the role of the design parts.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2002.11c
• /
• pp.481-484
• /
• 2002

In recent, the contactless IC card is widely used in traffic, access control system and so forth. And its use becomes a general tendency more and more because of the development of RF technology and improvement of requirement for user convenience. This paper describes the hardware module to process contactless protocol for implementation contactless IC card. And the hardware module consists of specific digital logic circuits that analyze digital signal from analog circuit and then generate data & status signal for CPU, and that convert the data from CPU into digital signal for analog circuit.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2021

In this paper, the possibility of using a contactless smart card as a cache for geocaching is analyzed. Geocaching is an outdoor game in which players search for hidden boxes, or caches based on geographical coordinates. The problems with this game are the possibility of players cheating and the need to maintain the caches. And then there is the problem of the ignorant public accidentally discovering a cache and considering it an explosive device. This paper proposes a concept for a possible solution to the above problems by replacing the boxes with conventional contactless smart cards. Also, this concept makes geocaching more attractive by using various games. This paper proposes a system architecture as well as the cryptographic protocol required for secure communication between the player's smartphone and the card.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2002.06a
• /
• pp.375-378
• /
• 2002

This paper describes tile design and implementation of contact and contactless If card OS(Operating System) for Java Card, namely JCOS(Java Card 05). The JCOS complies with ISO/IEC 7816 and IS0/1EC 14443 standards. The JCOS conforms to Java Card 2.1.2 specifications. The JCOS is running on 32-bit ARMTTDMI with public key crypto-coprocssor. This paper describes only the dual-interface protocol of the JCOS which supports contact and contactless applications in a single chip. The JCOS has been completed with our sample banking service and access control service in ETRI up to now.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2004.05b
• /
• pp.800-803
• /
• 2004

This paper describes the design and implementation of the T=1 protocol based on lava Card. The T=1 protocol implemented in this paper complies with ISO/IEC 7816 standard. Also, JCOS(Java Card Operating Systems) including the contactless card protocol conforms to Java Card 2.2.1 specification and is running on 32-bit ARM7/TDMI processor. The protocol stack proposed and implemented in this paper is easy to maintenance of protocol independently. To verify the T=1 protocol implemented in this paper we tested the T=1 protocol scenarios defined in ISO/IEC 7816-3 Annex A. And we tested using USIM(Universal Subscriber Identity Module) cards, which include the implemented T=1 protocol. The T=1 protocol was tested and passed all against the specification 3GPP TS 31.122, which was the Conformance Test Specification for USIM cards including the test suites of both transmission protocols.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.2 no.6
• /
• pp.299-311
• /
• 2008

The Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) system is a contactless automatic identification system, which comprises readers and tags. In RFID systems, a reader collision occurs when there is interference in communication between one reader and the tags, due to the signals from other readers. The reader collision problem is considered as the fundamental problem affecting high density RFID reader installations. In this paper, we analyze the existing reader anti-collision algorithms. We also propose a pulse protocol-based reader anti-collision algorithm using slot occupied probability (SOP). The implementation of this improvement is simple, yet it effectively mitigates most reader collisions in dense reader mode, as shown in our simulation. That is, the proposed algorithm reduces the identification time, and increasesthe system throughput and system efficiency compared with the conventional reader anti-collision algorithms.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.3A
• /
• pp.310-318
• /
• 2007

The RFID system is a non-contact automatic identification system that identifies tags through a reading device by attaching small, inexpensive tags on goods. This system is expected to supplant barcodes, the contactless reading technique that is most widely used at present. The RFID system can be applied in a variety of areas. Among those, Ari Juels proposed an environment to prove that a pair of tags has been scanned simultaneously And he presented a yoking proof protocol for this. But the yoking-proof protocol is vulnerable to replay attack. Although modified yoking-proof protocols for alleviating this drawback have been proposed, they are not immune to replay attack, either. In this paper, we analyze problems of existing yoking-proof protocols and present a new protocol, which will make replay attack difficult, based on this analysis. We have also extend this protocol so that it can provide yoking proofs for n tags.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 2008

RFID systems are being studied and developed in the area of the industry and marketplace. Recently RFID systems are core element of the ubiquitous technologies in individual life and industry. However, RFID systems often cause some serious problems such as violation of privacy and information security because their contactless devices communicate each other by radio frequency In this paper, we propose multiple objects RFID tag scheme including tag structure and authentication protocol. The proposed RFID tag structure maintains several object IDs of different applications in a tag memory. The tag structure allows those applications to access object IDs simultaneously. The authentication protocol for multiple objects tag is designed ta overcome the problems of security and privacy. The protocol has robustness against various attacks in low cost RFID systems. We evaluate the efficiency of proposed scheme and compare security of our scheme with several traditional schemes.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.17C no.4
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2010

Recently, it is proved that contactless smart-card based RFID tags, which is used for proximity authentication, are vulnerable to relay attacks with various location-based attacks such as distance fraud, mafia fraud and terrorist fraud attacks. Moreover, distance bounding protocols have been researched to prevent these relay attacks that can measure the message transmitted round-trip time between the reader and the tag. In 2005, Hancke and Kuhn first proposed an RFID distance bounding protocol based on secure hash function. However, the Hancke-Kuhn protocol cannot completely prevent the relay attacks because an adversary has (3/4)$^n$ attack success probability. Thus, this paper proposes a new distance-bounding protocol for light-weight RFID systems that can reduce to (5/8)$^n$ for the adversary's attack success probability. As a result, the proposed protocol not only can provide high-space efficient based on a secure hash function and XOR operation, but also can provide strong security against the relay attacks because the adversary's attack success probability is optimized to (5/8)$^n$.