• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.719-727
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• 2000

A study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of swine to Korean foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV; subtype O, isolated from Chungju province) in April, 2ooo. One holstein cow was inoculated intradermolingually with suspension of homogenized tissue from a Korean native cow naturally infected with Korean FMDY. Infected cow was housed with one susceptible cow and one susceptible pig (contact sentinels). Four additional susceptible pigs were housed in the same room but caged separately (non-contacted sentinels). The contacted pig and cow as well as non-contact pigs developed typical clinical signs after 2, 3, and 7 days post exposure, respectively. We compared neutralizing antibody from the animals to FMDV $O_1$ Lombardy, O Taiwan, $O_1$ Campos, and $O_1$ Manisa after 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 days post challenge and post-exposure. The highest viral neutralization titer could be interpreted that serotype O Korea (Chungju isolate) is antigenically more related to $O_1$ Manisa. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to further characterize Korean FMDV from tissues of infected pigs. Korean FMDV antigen was observed in the tongue, hoof, esophagus, and tonsil tissues of sentinel pigs. These findings suggest that Korean FMD virus isolated from cattle can be rapidly transmitted to pigs both directly and indirectly contrast field observation in which only cattle were clinically ill.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-116
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• 2005

When people contact the government they can use a variety of channels. That is, they go in person to an office, use a telephone service, access information via the Internet, send a letter, or use a third party. Since the Australian Government first recognised the potential of online technology to improve service delivery in its 1997 Investing for Growth statement, it has articulated its policies and strategies for e-government in a number of papers. E-government involves government agencies delivering better programs and services online through the use of new information and communication technologies. The policy papers included Government Online-The Commonwealth's Strategy, launched in April 2000, and a new framework for e-government, Better Services. Better Government, launched in November 2002. Most recently, the Government released Australia's Strategic Framework for the Information Economy in July 2004. These papers outlined the broad directions and priorities for the future of e-government in Australia, and sought to maintain the momentum of agencies' actions under Government Online. One of its key objectives was for agencies to achieve greater efficiency in providing services and a return on their investments in ICT (Information and Communication Technology)-based service delivery. They also stated that investing in e-government should deliver tangible returns, whether they take the form of cost reductions, increased efficiency and productivity, or improved services to business and the broader community Implementation of the Government policy has led to considerable agency investment in ICT-based service delivery. However government policy also requires managers to ensure that program and service delivery is efficient and effective. Efficient and effective use of ICT has the potential to improve service delivery and to make financial savings. This paper outlines how people are using the channels to contact the government in Australia. It also examines the level of satisfaction they have with those services and their preferences and expectations. In addition, this paper aims at identifying the methods used by Australian Government to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of their delivery of services, and at assessing the adequacy of these methods.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.583-588
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• 2015

Flexible tactile sensors can provide valuable feedback to intelligent robots regarding the environment around them. This is especially important when robots such as, service robots share a workspace with humans. This paper presents a contact force measurement algorithm of a flexible tactile sensor. This sensor is manufactured by a direct-writing technique, which is one 3D printing method, using multi-walled carbon nano-tubes. An analog signal processing circuit has been designed and implemented to reduce noise contained in the sensor output. In addition, a digital version of the Butterworth filter was implemented by software running on a microcontroller. Through various experiments, characteristics of the sensor system have been identified. Based on three traits, an algorithm to detect the contact and measure the contact force has been developed. The entire system showed a promising prospect to detect the contact over a large and curved area.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.303-308
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• 2017

Most automobile tire companies have not yet considered the geometric information of a road at the design stage of a tire because the topographical characterization of a road surface is very difficult owing to its vastness and randomness. A road surface shows variable surface roughness values according to magnification, and thus, the contact force between the road and tire significantly fluctuates with respect to the scale. In this study, we make an attempt to define a representative value for surface topographical information at multi-scale levels. To represent surface topography, we use a statistical method called power spectral density (PSD). We use the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and PSD to analyze the height profiles of a random surface. The FFT and PSD of a surface help in obtaining a fractal dimension, which is a representative value of surface topography at all length scales. We develop three surfaces with different fractal dimensions. We use finite element analysis (FEA) to observe the contact forces between a tire and the road surfaces with three different fractal dimensions. The results from FEA reveal that an increase in the fractal dimension decreases the contact length between the tire and road surfaces. On the contrary, the average contact force increases. This result indicates that designing and manufacturing a tire considering the fractal dimension of a road makes safe driving possible, owing to the improvement in service life and braking performance of the tire.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.303-310
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• 2011

This paper is focused on development of models for measuring lateral and vertical track irregularities from corresponding accelerometers of an in-service high-speed train. Generally, the track irregularity was measured by a special railway inspection vehicle or system with contact or non-contact sensors. However, the sensors are very expensive and vulnerable to a harsh environment. Displacement estimation from an inertial measurement unit and its wave-band filtering was already developed in the previous study, and it was found that their results included not only the track irregularities but also other information such as phase delay of the applied filters, and suspension and conicity of the wheel. To identify the track irregularities from those results, a compensation filtering method was proposed. Each directional compensation filter was derived by using a system identification method with the estimated directional displacement as input and the corresponding track irregularities as output. In this paper, they are integrated into a model for each direction and applied to the measured lateral and vertical acceleration data from the axle-box and bogie of an in-service high-speed train. Their results are compared with the data from the track geometry measurement system. From the comparison, the proposed models are a useful tool for the measurement of the track irregularities using accelerometers of in-service high-speed trains.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1277-1289
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• 2010

This study investigates the effects of e-CRM on consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention depending on gender differences. A total of 400 surveys were distributed and 382 were used in the analysis. Surveys were conducted on the respondents who had purchased apparel from an internet website within six months. A factor analysis, reliability test, and path analysis were used in the study to analyze the data. After the factor analysis, 6 factors were found under e-CRM activities; benefit and advice, customer contact, service, post-purchase management, assistance with the purchase, and discriminative treatment. The results of this study showed that for male consumers, service and post-purchase management had a positive effect on consumer satisfaction that in turn had a positive effect on repurchase intention. However, for female consumers, benefit and advice, customer contact, service, and discriminative treatment had a positive effect on consumer satisfaction that in turn had a positive effect on repurchase intention. The results also showed that post-purchase management had a positive direct effect on repurchase intention for both genders.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

This paper presents the implementation and control of a mobile manipulator robot for indoor service. The robot has two arms for tasks and a mobile base for mobility. The robot is designed to have several characteristics. Firstly, the robot has the capability of changing the height of the robot. Secondly, the robot can be changed into a balancing mode of two contact points from mobile mode of four contact points. The robot has a balancing mode like an inverted pendulum robot as well as mobile robot mode. Lastly, as a novel concept, the robot is designed to have the capability of separating into two systems, the robot ann and the mobile robot as well. The mobile base can be separately used for a cleaning service.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.239-262
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• 2009

The purpose of this dissertation is to positively analyze the characteristics of job center consultants' interorganizational relations and factors that influence this linkage in order to better understand the employment service of South Korea. The material utilized for analysis was collected by surveying consultants and managers of 38 job centers and 364 middle managers while applying the method of hierarchical regression. The following is the summary of the research results. First, there is a difference in the influence factor between the number of consultant's organization linkage and frequency of contact. As seen from this result, if the number of organizations a consultant links is affected by the organization's objective working conditions such as the organization structure, position, and primary responsibilities, then the frequency of contact which indicates intimacy by frequent contact depends on the professional ability of the person in charge rather than objective conditions. Second, the analysis result of influence factors according to the type of organization also displayed different influence factors based on the type. Public organizations and economics related organizations are existent in all areas in the form of municipal offices, public corporation, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and labor organizations. Therefore, rather than the personal ability of the person in charge or the influence of other work environments, information of the organization and the actual activities of the head are more influential. On the other hand, private organizations embrace service organizations, employment target related organizations, corporations; they are differentially distributed, which is why they are more influential in organizational reform, decentralization, communication, and the professional ability of the person in charge is significantly influential.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.75 no.4
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• pp.497-506
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• 2020

CA mortar layer disengagement will give rise to the overall structural changes of the track and variation in the vibration form of the ballastless track. By establishing a vehicle-track-viaduct coupling analysis and calculation model, it is possible to analyze the CRTS-I type track structure vibration response while the track slab is disengaging with the power flow evaluation method, to compare the two disengaging types, namely partial contact loss at one edge beneath track slab and partial contact loss at midpoint beneath track slab. It can also study how the length of disengaging influences the track structures vibration power. It is showed that when the partial contact loss beneath track slab, and the relative vibration energy level between the rail and the track slab increases significantly within [10, 200]Hz with the same disengaging length, the partial contact loss at one edge beneath track slab has more prominent influence on the vibration power than the partial contact loss at midpoint beneath track slab. With the increase of disengaging length, the relative vibration energy level of the track slab grows sharply, but it will change significantly when it reaches 1.56 m. Little effect will be caused by the relative vibration energy level of the viaduct. The partial contact loss beneath the track slab will cause more power distribution and transmission between the trail and track slab, and will then affect the service life of the rail and track slab.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of the study is investigate the images towards emergency medical technician(EMT) perceived by secondary school teachers. Methods : The data was collected from July 30 to 31, 2012. The subjects were 337 secondary school teachers. SPSS Statistics 18.0 was used for internal consistency reliability, descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis. Results : Those who contacted with EMT consisted of 57.6% which was higher than those who had not(42.4%). Before contact, the gender and teaching subject showed a significant difference of p =.027 and p =.002, respectively. The average on the image towards EMT showed a positive points of $5.68({\pm}0.73)$ out of 7 and the most positive image was 'practical-theoretical' of $6.33({\pm}1.12)$. Factor analysis of EMT image was analyzed based on 3 factors including sincerity($5.89{\pm}0.89$), professionalism($6.02{\pm}0.89$) and familiarity($4.51{\pm}1.42$)(p <.000). The degree of familiarity showed significant differences in gender(p =.005), majoring(teaching subjects)(p =.049) and prior contact(p =.020). Conclusion : In conclusion, previous contact and recognition towards EMT could make good image making in secondary school teachers by getting well-organized promotions and professional services. This contact will make a good future counseling to the students who want to be EMTs.