• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.21-39
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• 2010

In this paper, water consumption annually for industries in Korea was estimated for the first time and based on this, an input-output model was prepared for water consumption analysis. Also making use of this, the direct and indirect water consumption effect according to industrial activities was analyzed and the total effect based on volume was broken down into each factor. The amount of water consumed for industries in Korea (excluding agriculture, forestry and fishery) was estimated about 7 billion and 692 million ton in 2003(excluding sea water). Classifying by industry, the one for electric power & water service accounted for almost half, 49.5%, metalworking industry for 24.3% and chemical industry for 5.0%. As the result of estimation for the direct and indirect water consumption inducement coefficients, the amount of water consumed per the production of one million won ranked the highest for electric power & water service as 113.8 ton and the next highest ones ranked as 49.6 ton for the first metalworking, 16.8 ton for textile and leather goods, and 11.9 ton for general machinery respectively. In the meantime, as the result of breaking down into each factor of total amount of water consumed by industry, it appeared that the ripple effect having on other industries was more than the direct effect.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.89-96
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• 2008

The environment has played a key role to improve the living condition and develop the industry. In building industries, we should consider the environment and mitigate the environmental affect. For mitigating the its affect, various areas of building technology have been developed and applied into filed work. In addition, the process in applying into field requires to conduct the assessment of the environmental affect and improve its applied technology. A lot of assessment methods are proposed in evaluate the building condition such as post-occupancy evaluation, life cycle management and life cycle assessment. Among these assessment methods, life cycle assessment is effectively utilized the environmental affect in building life cycle. Therefore, this paper aimed at analyzing the energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission in building life cycle, using the life cycle assessment and application of the example in apartment housing. This study shows that the maintenance and the production of building materials stage shares most of the amount of energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission and therefore plays an important role to planning the building in terms of the life cycle. Second, the other stages brings about a very small amount. It is important to decide the building shape and contents to mitigate the environmental affect in terms of material, volume, the pattern of the energy use and others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

As the semiconductor devices are miniaturized, the number of the unit cleaning processes increases. In order to processes by conventional RCA cleaning process, the consumption of volume of liquid chemical and DI water became huge. Therefore, the problem of environmental issues are evolved by the increased consumption of chemicals. To resolve this matter, an advanced cleaning process by Electrolyzed Water was studied in this work. The electrolyzed water was made by an electrolysis equipment which was composed of three chambers of anode, cathode, and middle chambers. In the case of electrolyzed water with electrolytes in the middle chamber, oxidatively acidic water of anode and reductively alkaline water of cathode were obtained. The oxidation/reduction potentials and pH of anode water and cathode water were measured to be +l000mV and 4.8, and -530mV and 6.3, respectively. The Si-wafers contaminated with metallic impurities were cleaning with the electrolyzed water. To analysis the amounts of metallic impurities on Si-water surfaces, ICP-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass spectrometer) was introduced. From results of ICP-MS measurements, it was concluded that the ability of electrolyzed water was equivalent to that of the conventional RCA cleaning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.782-790
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• 1995

The longitudinal changes in protein secretion from 27 lactating women(primiparae = 10, multiparae=17) and protein intake of infants have been studied from 0.5 to 6 months postpartum in Chungju and Anseong area. The protein contents o breast milk in primiparae appeared significantly higher than in multipaae at 0.5 and 1 month postpartum. The protein secretion of primiparae and multiparae was not significantly different. In breast-feeding period, there was a tendency that protein secretion from 0.5 to 2 months postpartum was higher than thereafter. Average protein intake of boys from milk from 0.5 to 6 months postpartum was significantly higher than that of girls(p<0.05), because volume of milk intake of boys was much more than that of girls. In the amount of protein intake per infant weight, there was no significant difference between boys and girls. Protein intakes per infant weight decreased during lactation. Mean energy consumption of lactating women was 2,327㎉/day, which was 93.1% of recommended energy allowance for Koreans. Mean dietary protein consumption of lactating women was 81g/day, which was 101.3% of recemmended protein allowance for Koreans. Energy ratio of carbohydrate : protein : lipid was appeared to 68.8 : 13.9 : 17.3.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

In 2009, the world dairy industry had the most impressive experience throughout all the experiences it had. The milk price in major regions fell to their lowest level for decades. Including Korea, the world economy is obviously slowing. The nations' export plunged due to the global economic recession, in result reduced industrial output and domestic demand. In Korea, the intake of liquid milk slightly decreased from 45 kg per capita in 2005 to 44.3 kg per capita in 2008. However, production and consumption of milk increased fast in China and India. According to 2008 statistics, total milk volume of the world trade reached 42 million tonnes and the major exporters of dairy products were EU, New Zealand, USA and Autralia. The tropical countries has traditionally consumed buffalo milk. The production of buffalo milk is increasing faster than cow milk. IDF expected that EU milk production would recover the medium term displaying a gradual growth over the milk quotas phasing-out period, while constantly remaining below the quota level.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2018

Every day a huge amount of paper is being used, most of them are thrown after using. This directly impacts on the environment. Therefore, waste paper management is necessity to protect the environment from its annihilation and pollution. Paper recycling products consist of printing paper, newspaper, corrugated containers, magazine paper and so on. Reuse waste paper will reduce the consumption of wood and virgin pulp as recycling one ton of newsprint can save approximately 1 ton of wood, meanwhile recycling 1 ton of printing paper can save more than 2 tons of wood. With increasing recycling rates, lower quality paper fractions may be included. Thus the selection of a paper recycling technology is a crucial first design consideration. The paper recycling must be accompanied by appropriate technology to manage a huge volume of wastepaper. The specific objectives of this study were as follows: (1) comprehensive literature reviews of paper production and consumption, (2) figure out about paper recovery and utilization, (3) investigate the paper recycling in the sustainable times, (4) introduce eco-friendly recycling technology to paper industry.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

$CF_4$ removal characteristics were investigated using an elongated arc reactor. The advantage of the elongated arc reactor includes direct use of treated gas as plasma operating gas and the enhancement of the removal reaction by using a thermo-chemistry and a plasma induced chemistry at the same time. Geometrical configurations, such as the length of the reactor and the shape of a throat, were tested to get an optimized removal efficiency with low power consumption. As results, over 95% of $CF_4$ removal was obtained with 300 lpm of total flowrate for various $CF_4$ concentration (0.1~1%). Corresponding specific energy density (SED), which means required electrical energy to treat the unit volume of treated gas, is about 3.5 kJ/L, The present technique can be applied to real applications by satisfying three major concerns, those are the high flowrate of treated gas, high removal efficiency (> 95%), and low power consumption (< 10 kJ/L).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of pilot injection strategy on the combustion and emissions characteristics in a four cylinder common-rail direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel(soybean oil) blend. The tested fuel was mixed of 20% biodiesel and 80% ULSD(Ultra low sulfur diesel) by volume ratio. The experiments were performed under two load conditions, and results were compared with those of single injection. The experimental results showed that the ignition delay of BD20 was shorter than compared to that of ULSD in the case of low load condition. Also, the fuel consumption of BD20 was more higher than that of ULSD. Fuel consumption by applied pilot injection strategy were generally decreased compared with that of single injection. In the case of pilot injection, the exhaust emissions such as CO and HC emissions were decreased compared to the single injection.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.3
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• pp.11-29
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• 1992

Recently, rapid industrialization, urbanization and higher living standards accelerate to increase groundwater consumption resulting in continuously dropping groundwater elevations. To maintain enough groundwater volume without dropping groundwater elevations, the proper groundwater rechatge is necessary. The groundwater rechatge can be classified into two categories which are natural rechatge and artiticial rechatge. Even though the natural rechatge through by dired infiltration from the rainfall is desirable, the artificial groundwater rechatge is necessaty when the increment of groundwater consumption exceeds natural recharge rate. Well method and scattering method are utilized as artificial rechatging method, a severe disadvantage, which is the reduction of the void of soil surface, is indicated in the well method. Recently, the underground piping method, which is a scattering method, is receiving increasing attention as a proper recharging method. The method is indirectly to supply water to the underground using an underground piping system. Therefore, the void of soil surface is not severely reduced and better infiltration rate can be achieved. In this paper, the artificial groundwater rechatge using underground piping method is investigated through experiments and numerical analysis. The influence of the groundwater by underground piping method is evaluated through comparing recharging heights. Good agreements between experiments and numerical analysis are obtained and the artificial groundwater recharge by underground piping method is well tested and verified.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.10 s.352
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• pp.104-110
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• 2006

The huge test data volume, test time and power consumption are major problems in system-on-a-chip testing. To tackle those problems, we propose a new test data compression technique. Initially, don't-cares in a pre-computed test cube set are assigned to reduce the test power consumption, and then, the fully specified low-power test data is transformed to improve compression efficiency by neighboring bit-wise exclusive-or (NB-XOR) scheme. Finally, the transformed test set is compressed to reduce both the test equipment storage requirements and test application time.