• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2019

데이터센터는 서버, 스토리지, 네트워킹 기기 등을 운영하는 과정에서 냉각시설, 공조시설, 비상발전시설 등 많은 전력이 소비된다. 미국의 경우에는 2004년 데이터센터에서 소비하는 전력은 전체 전력 소비량의 1.8% 정도를 차지하기도 하였다. 데이터센터 산업은 큰 규모로 점진적으로 발전해왔으며, 향후에는 규모가 큰 하이퍼스케일 데이터센터의 수가 늘어날 것으로 전망되고 있다. 하지만 데이터센터의 서버 점유율을 조사해 본 결과, 평균 점유율이 15~20% 정도 밖에 되지 않는 등 서버가 효율적으로 사용되지 않는 문제가 존재하였다. 이러한 현상 및 문제점을 개선하고자 가상머신 마이그레이션 기능을 활용하여 가상머신 재배치 연구를 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 효과적인 가상머신 재배치를 위해 메타 휴리스틱 기법 중 하나인 화음 탐색법을 활용하였다. 유휴 서버 최대화를 목표로 하는 가상머신 재배치 문제를 설계하였으며 실험을 통해 풀이하였다. 본 연구는 가상머신 재배치를 통해 데이터센터 서버의 절전을 유도하여, 데이터센터의 운영비용을 절감하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.447-464
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• 2015

Millions of scrap tires are discarded annually in Turkey. The bulk of which are currently landfilled or stockpiled. These tires consume valuable landfill space or if improperly disposed, create a fire hazard and provide a prolific breeding ground for rats and mosquitoes. Used tires pose both a serious public and environmental health problem which means that economically feasible alternatives for scrap tire disposal must be found. Some of the current uses of scrap tires are tire-derived fuel, creating barrier reefs and as an asphalt additive in the form of crumb rubber. However, there is a much need for the development of additional uses for scrap tires. One development the creation of shreds from scrap tires that are coarse grained, free draining and have a low compacted density thus offering significant advantages for use as lightweight subgrade fill and backfill material. This paper reports a comprehensive laboratory study that was performed to evaluate the use of a shredded tire-sand mixture as a backfill material in trench conditions. A steel frame test tank with glass walls was created to replicate a classical trench section in field conditions. The results of the test demonstrated that shredded tires mixed with sand have a definite potential to be effectively used as backfill material for buried pipe installations.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2009

Power consumed by modern computer systems, particularly servers in data centers has almost reached an unacceptable level. However, their energy consumption is often not justifiable when their utilization is considered; that is, they tend to consume more energy than needed for their computing related jobs. Task scheduling in distributed computing systems (DCSs) can play a crucial role in increasing utilization; this will lead to the reduction in energy consumption. In this paper, we address the problem of scheduling precedence-constrained parallel applications in DCSs, and present two energy- conscious scheduling algorithms. Our scheduling algorithms adopt dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) to minimize energy consumption. DVFS, as an efficient power management technology, has been increasingly integrated into many recent commodity processors. DVFS enables these processors to operate with different voltage supply levels at the expense of sacrificing clock frequencies. In the context of scheduling, this multiple voltage facility implies that there is a trade-off between the quality of schedules and energy consumption. Our algorithms effectively balance these two performance goals using a novel objective function and its variant, which take into account both goals; this claim is verified by the results obtained from our extensive comparative evaluation study.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2017

Indonesia is known as the largest oil palm producer in the world. However, along with the production, it generates wastes and pollution that caused the environmental problem in surrounding areas. Previous researchers reported that the high palm oil mill effluent (POME) concentration inhibited microalgae growth. However, the inhibition factor was not clearly explained by using kinetic model. This study presents kinetic models of Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii) cultivated on POME wastewater under different turbidity condition. Results showed that the growth model of Zwietering was closely suitable with experimental results. It was found that B. braunii was able to consume organic carbon from the POME wastewater on the logarithmic model. A modified kinetic model of Monod Haldane described the influence of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand on the cultivation. Turbidity of POME medium inhibited the growth rate at KI 3.578 and KII 179.472 NTU, respectively. The Lipid (39.9%), and carbohydrate (41.03%) were found in the biomass that could be utilized as biofuel source.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.667-677
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• 2018

Since sensor networks consist of sensor nodes with limited energy resources, so efficient energy use of sensor nodes is very important in the design of sensor networks. Sensor nodes consume a lot of energy for data transmission. Clustering technique is used to efficiently use energy in data transmission. Recently, mobile sink techniques have been proposed to reduce the energy load concentrated on the cluster header near a sink node. The CMS(Cluster-based Mobile sink) technique minimizes the generation of control messages by creating a data transmission path while creating clusters, and supports the inter-cluster one-hop transmission. But, there is a case where there is no connectivity between neighbor clusters, it causes a problem of having a long hop data transmission path regardless of local distance. In this paper, we propose a SCBC(Strong connection balancing cluster) to support the path of the minimum number of hops. The proposed scheme minimizes the number of hops in the data transmission path and supports efficient use of energy in the cluster header. This also minimizes a number of hops in data transmission paths even when the sink moves and establishes a new path, and it supports the effect of extending the life cycle of the entire sensor network.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.157-170
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• 2012

Recently, user-created video shows high increasing in production and consumption. Among these, videos records an identical subject in limited space with multi-view are coming out. Occurring main reason of this kind of video is popularization of portable camera and mobile web environment. Multi-view has studied in visually representation technique fields for point of view. Definition of multi-view has been expanded and applied to various contents authoring lately. To make user-created videos into multi-view contents can be a kind of suggestion as a user experience for new form of video consumption. In this paper, we show the possibility to make user-created videos into multi-view video content through analyzing multi-view video contents even there exist attribute differentiations. To understanding definition and attribution of multi-view classified and analyzed existing multi-view contents. To solve time axis arranging problem occurred in multi-view processing proposed audio matching method. Audio matching method organize feature extracting and comparing. To extract features is proposed MFCC that is most universally used. Comparing is proposed n by n. We proposed multi-view video contents that can consume arranged user-created video by user selection.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Centrifugal pumps consume considerable amount of energy in various industrial applications. Therefore, improvement of the efficiency of these machines has become a major challenge. Cavitation is a phenomenon which decreases the pump efficiency and even causes structural demage. Hence, the goal of this paper is to investigate the cavitation problem in the single-stage and double-stage centrifugal pumps. The Volume of Fraction (VOF) method has been used for the numerical simulations together with Rayliegh-Plesset model for the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the pump. In order to capture the turbulent phenomena, the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model has been adopted, and the simulations have been done as unsteady cases. In addition, the motion of the rotating parts has been simulated using Multi Reference Frame(MRF) method. The results are presented and compared in terms of hydraulic head and NPSH for both the single-stage and double-stage pumps. The H-Q curves show the effects of cavitation on decreasing the pumps performances.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.4643-4660
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• 2014

Integrity authentication of biometric data in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a critical issue because the sensitive data transmitted over broadcast wireless channels could be attacked easily. However, traditional cryptograph-based integrity authentication schemes are not suitable for WBAN as they consume much computational resource on the sensor nodes with limited memory, computational capability and power. To address this problem, a novel lightweight integrity authentication scheme based on reversible watermark is proposed for WBAN and implemented on a TinyOS-based WBAN test bed in this paper. In the proposed scheme, the data is divided into groups with a fixed size to improve grouping efficiency; the histogram shifting technique is adopted to avoid possible underflow or overflow; local maps are generated to restore the shifted data; and the watermarks are generated and embedded in a chaining way for integrity authentication. Our analytic and experimental results demonstrate that the integrity of biometric data can be reliably authenticated with low cost, and the data can be entirely recovered for healthcare applications by using our proposed scheme.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2016

In this paper, a full-wave rectifier (FWR) with a simple vibration detector suitable for use with vibrational energy harvesting systems is presented. Conventional active FWRs where active diodes are used to reduce the diode voltage drop and increase the system efficiency are usually powered from the output. Output-powered FWRs exhibit relatively high efficiencies because the comparators used in active diodes are powered from the stable output voltage. Nevertheless, a major drawback is that these FWRs consume power from the output storage capacitor even when the system is not harvesting any energy. To overcome the problem, a technique using a simple vibration detector consisting of a peak detector and a level converter is proposed. The vibration detector detects whether vibrational energy exists or not in the input terminal and disables the comparators when there is no vibrational energy. The proposed FWR with the vibration detector is designed using a $0.35-{\mu}m$ CMOS process. Simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. By using the proposed vibration detector, a decrease in leakage current by approximately 67,000 times can be achieved after the vibration disappears.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.2579-2585
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• 2009

컴퓨터시스템을 중단 없이 정상적으로 동작 시키는 것은 중요한 문제중의 하나이다. 이와 같이 컴퓨터 시스템이 중단없이 동작하도록 하기 위하여 여러 가지 고장 감내 기법들이 개발 및 상용화되어 사용되고 있다. 대부분의 고장 감내 기법은 많은 경비가 소요된다. 본 논문은 리눅스 운영체제에서 동적 모듈(DLM : Dynamic Linking Module)을 이용하여 USB 디바이스를 연결할 경우USB 디바이스 사용에 대해 발생할 수 있는 커널 PANIC 현상을 줄이는 커널 하드닝 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법이 제대로 동작되는지를 실험하였다. 실험 결과 DLM기능을 이용한 USB 드라이버의 동작이 정상 동작됨을 확인할 수 있었다.