• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2008

Cost estimates are very important to their decision-making in the early stages of a construction project. So Clients have wanted not only to know the results of conceptual cost estimates but also to assess their quality Conceptual cost estimates process is very complex process, so the results of cost estimates are influenced by various factors. So the purpose of this study is to reveal the key factors which influence the reliability of conceptual cost estimates in building construction projects. The analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the relative important weights of elements influencing the conceptual cost estimates. And factor analysis is used to reveal the key factors from the elements that influence the conceptual cost estimates. The results showed that the key factors is an experience level, available data level, level of will for winning the bid, difficulty level of conceptual cost estimate, uncertainty level.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2008

The characteristics of the pseudo-conceptual or the pseudo-analytical behaviors according to the achievement level(i.e. advanced group, proficient group, basic group, and below-basic group) in grade 9 are as follows. The pseudo-conceptual or pseudo-analytical behaviors to get credit from teachers become conspicuous in lower achievement level. The high achieving students showed more pseudo-conceptual or pseudo-analytical behaviors without undergoing the process of reflection or control. The proficient group was short of control in computation, and the advanced group didn't control well in representation. The proficient group tended to depend on a past successful algorithm and behave habitually. Therefore, it is needed to teach mathematics according to the characteristic of pseudo-conceptual or pseudo-analytic behaviors shown in each achievement level.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 중학교 과학교과서에서 많이 제시되는 과학 개념 모형에 대해 학생들로 하여금 단순히 읽고 지나가는 것이 아니라 주목하고 분석해 보는 시간을 갖게 하는 것이 과학 개념 학습에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사하였다. 과학 개념 모형에 좀 더 주목하고 분석해 보게 하는 방법으로 본 연구에서는 미완성 과학 개념 완성 활동과 과학 개념 모형 수정 활동을 고안하였으며, 이들 활동을 전통적 수업활동과 비교하였다. 연구 대상으로는 B광역시 소재 1개 중학교 3학년 학생 112명(3개 학급)을 표집하였다. 이렇게 표집한 3개 학급은 각각 미완성 개념 모형을 완성하는 활동, 주어진 개념 모형을 수정하는 활동, 전통적인 과학 수업 활동을 하도록 하고 그 성취도를 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 미완성 과학 개념 모형 완성활동은 전통적 과학 수업 활동에 배해 중학생들의 과학개념 학습에 효과적이라고 할 수 있다. 또한, 개념 모형 완성 활동을 통한 성취도는 학생들의 학교 성적이 높을수록 높고, 학생들의 인지 수준이 구체적 조작 단계에 있는 학생이거나 과도기에 있는 학생들이 높다. 둘째, 과학 개념 모형의 수정 활동은 전통적 과학수업 활동에 비해 중학생들의 과학 개념 학습에 효과적이라고 말하기 어렵다. 또한, 과학 개념 모형의 수정활동을 통한 성취도는 학생들의 학교 성적이 높을수록 높기는 하지만 하위 수준 학생들의 경우에는 수업 후 성취도가 높아지지 않음을 볼 때 개념 모형 수정 활동은 중학생 수준에는 적합하지 않다고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 중학교 학생들의 경우에는 미완성 과학 개념 모형의 완성 활동을 통한 수업이 과학 개념 모형 수정 활동을 통한 수업에 비해 개념 학습에 효과적이다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2004

The concept of 'the lunar and planetary phases' is very difficult to understand and students may have various misconceptions on this concept. A module drawing the lunar and planetary phases was developed with the application of the simplifying conditions method. The effects of instruction using the module drawing the lunar and planetary phases on the conceptual change and the achievement was investigated in the consideration of learners' characteristics (spatial perception ability, science inquiry ability, required pre-requested learning ability). Findings were as follows: 1) This module was effective for learners' conceptual change and achievement, 2) This module had a positive influence for development the learners' characteristics and conceptual change with the middle level of science inquiry ability, the middle and low level of required pre-requisite learning ability, and middle level of the spatial perception ability.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2004

과학교육에서 개념학습이 중요한 위치를 차지히는 만큼, 개념변화에서 인지갈등의 역할은 크다. 그러나 과학교육 연구에서 인지갈등을 유발하는 방법이 과연 얼마나 효과적인지 다수의 인원으로 검증한 연구가 많지 많으며, 같은 상황임에도 학생에 따라 인지갈등과 개념변화의 정도가 다른 원인에 대한 연구도 찾아보기 어렵다. 본 연구는 이러한 의문을 해결하여 인지갈등을 올바로 이해하고, 앞으로의 개념변화 학습에 보다 효과적으로 활용하고자 인지갈등과 개념변화에 미치는 학습자 특성에 따른 차이를 알아보았다. 연구 대상은 대도시, 중소도시, 읍지역의 777명 남녀 중학생이며, 학습자 특성이란 과학 개념학습과 인지갈등 관련 문헌의 고찰과 과학교육 전문가 대상의 설문 조사를 통하여 대표적인 6가지 학습 변인으로서 지능, 인지수준, 성적, 인지양식, 성격, 과학에 관련된 태도등이다. 연구 결과, 인지갈등 전략에 의한 개념변화에서, 인지갈등의 정도는 성격과 태도 등 정의적 영역과 관계 있으며, 과학적 개념으로의 변화는 지능, 성적 등 지적 영역과 관계 있었다.

• 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자거래학회 2004년도 e-Biz World Conference
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• pp.332-335
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• 2004

Issues ·Bottom-up v.s. Top-down Development ＆ Evaluation ·Syntax-Directed v.s. Conceptual Modeling -Reusing and Easy understanding -User friendliness and Concrete Rules ·No Aligned Rules and Guidelines for Developing Document Structures from Conceptual Information Models(omitted)

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2014

KAFASAT is a CubeSat which has a high level mission of testing the possibility of establishing the LEO satellite constellation providing the role of communication nodes and quasi-realtime image recognition of battlefield in accordance with the aspect of future-war-environment. The high level mission is developed using the Pugh selection method, which is one of system engineering tools. In order to accomplish the high level mission objectives and deduce engineering level requirements, system engineering tools such as Analytic Hierarchy Process and Quality Function Deployment are used. The subsystem synthesis in the context of system engineering process is done using a developed integrated design environment. The paper also includes the conceptual design results of the KAFASAT, which can be used as a baseline for upcoming preliminary design.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.677-692
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• 2007

In this study, university students were provided with repeated opportunities to represent their ideas graphically, and to examined via their drawings the extent to which they could visualize macroscopic phenomena microscopically. These drawings provided insight into the students' basic understanding of solution chemistry, revealing three conceptual models: the Undifferentiated Symbolic Model, the Particulate Model, and the Symbolic Ionic Model. Generally speaking, students who had poor conceptual understanding tended to exhibit the Undifferentiated Symbolic Model, whereas students with deeper understanding tended to employ the Symbolic Ionic Model. Students' conceptual comprehension was predictable from their graphical representations, which better elucidated what they actually comprehended about the phenomena, as opposed to their ambiguous verbal descriptions alone. The results of this study demonstrated a lack of development in university students' conceptions of solutions. Their weakness in understanding at the molecular-level became more obvious when they were asked to represent their ideas in drawings. Few students exhibited expert knowledge, and several common misconceptions were found, which indicated typical difficulties students have perceiving common phenomena at the molecular level. The findings of this study illustrate how eliciting graphical representations can be used to assess students' conceptual understandings.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2015

Background: Goal-oriented communication of risk of hazards is necessary in order to reduce risk of workers' exposure to chemicals. Adequate training of workers and enterprise priority setting are essential elements. Cleaning enterprises have many challenges and the existing paradigms influence the risk levels of these enterprises. Methods: Information on organization and enterprises' prioritization in training programs was gathered from cleaning enterprises. A measure of enterprises' conceptual level of importance of chemical health hazards and a model for working out the risk index (RI) indicating enterprises' conceptual risk level was established and used to categorize the enterprises. Results: In 72.3% of cases, training takes place concurrently with task performances and in 67.4% experienced workers conduct the trainings. There is disparity between employers' opinion on competence level of the workers and reality. Lower conceptual level of importance was observed for cleaning enterprises of different sizes compared with regional safety delegates and occupational hygienists. Risk index values show no difference in risk level between small and large enterprises. Conclusion: Training of cleaning workers lacks the prerequisite for suitability and effectiveness to counter risks of chemical health hazards. There is dereliction of duty by management in the sector resulting in a lack of competence among the cleaning workers. Instituting acceptable easily attainable safety competence level for cleaners will conduce to risk reduction, and enforcement of attainment of the competence level would be a positive step.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.314-328
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to establish a conceptual model of the course evaluations. in University. This paper has examined the course evaluations according to the levels, purposes, objects, and methods of them. And this paper has been classified for a conceptual model of the course evaluation. As the result of this analysis, four dimensions of course evaluation have been found. First, formative and summative evaluation have been found. The purposes of formative evaluation were improving quality of courses and collecting information for improvement of curriculum. The purposes of summative evaluation were offering informations on faculty staffing and improving of learning outcomes. Second, the levels of course evaluation were classified into university-level, professor-level, and student-level. Third, the objects of course evaluation were classified into analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Forth, the methods of course evaluation were classified into questionnaire, observation, interview, and content analysis. As a result of this analysis, 120 types of course evaluations have been found.