• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.633-636
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• 2002

Six adult Garole rams maintained under a semi-intensive system were used as semen donors for this study. Semen was collectied daily during the monsoon season with the help of an artificial vagina and examined for its quality characteristics. Ejaculates of thick consistency, rapid wave motion, ${\geq}80%$ motility and intense movement of motile spermatozoa were diluted at the rate of 1:1 with egg yolk McIllvaine glucose diluent at $30^{\circ}C$ in water bath. Estrus in ewes was detected by parading aproned rams of proven vigour at 12 h intervals. The ewes (54 Malpura and 23 Avikalin) in estrus were artificially inseminated with fresh diluted ram semen. The overall conception rate was 94.8%, (range 91.7 to 100%). The overall lambing percent was 80.5 with a range of 75.0 to 84.6%. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in lambing and conception rate because of individual rams. Fertility was significantly lower (p<0.05) in ewes of less than two years and more than six years of age. Breed (Malpura and Avikalin) effect was not observed in conception and lambing rate (p>0.05). No significant difference (p>0.05) in birth weight and 12 month weight was observed between Garole${\times}$Avikalin and Garole${\times}$Malpura crossbred lambs but there was significant (p<0.05) difference at three month and six months body weight of both the crossbred lambs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2006

The study was undertaken to investigate the validity of milk urea concentration as an index of the reproductive performances in crossbred Karan-Fries (Holstein Friesian${\times}$Tharparkar) cows under farm condition. Milk urea was analysed in noon milk samples (1200 to 1300 h) to interrelate with the interval from parturition to first service, number of insemination per conception, first service conception rate and service period. Milk progesterone (P4) was analysed in noon milk samples on the day 1, 10, 20 and 30 post insemination to study the effect of milk urea concentration on early embryonic mortality. The interval from parturition to first service was found significantly (p<0.01) higher ($77.2{\pm}5.5$ days) when milk urea concentration was ${\geq}63.4mg/dl$. The average milk urea concentrations (mg/dl) were found $42.1{\pm}2.5$, $47.9{\pm}1.5$ and $50.3{\pm}3.1$, respectively in cows that conceived at $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ insemination. However, the variation was not statistically significant. The first insemination conception rate was found significantly (p<0.05) higher (68.8%) when milk urea level was ${\leq}32.4mg/dl$. The service period was found significantly (p<0.05) higher ($125.4{\pm}8.8$ days) when milk urea concentration was ${\geq}45.1mg/dl$. The milk P4 level indicated that the cows, those were detected as non-pregnant on day 60 post insemination were initially pregnant but the pregnancy was terminated sometime during the day 30 to 60 post insemination. The study indicates that the milk urea values may be used as an index of reproductive performances in dairy herd when individual animals are not being monitored for nutritional status. The altered milk urea values may be utilised by the farmers as ready reference to rectify the protein and energy nutrition in cows to achieve the better reproductive performances in herd.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2000

This study suggests the methods of the assessment and creation of biotopes in small and medium sized cities, in Korea. For this purpose, Chonju city was selected to classify and asses the biotope types. Moreover, relevant legislations to conserve and enhance urban biotopes were examined. The results of this study are as follows: 1) There were two approaches to asses the potential of urban biotopes in medium-sized cities. One was the urban scale evaluation for urban green spaces and the other was the biotope scale evaluation for the classification and evaluation of biotopes. 2) The urban scale evaluation was developed through overlaping analysis of landuse and vegetation factors. This study also included the conception of watershed. In this conception, three watersheds in Chonju city were characterized. According to these characteristics, individual programs for conservation and enhancement of urban green space were suggested. 3) For the biotope scale evaluation, Selected site was inclusively mapped and field investigation actually was carried. There were total 9 types of bitopes. Especially landuse was appeared in various evaluation items were vegetation structure, area of green space, condition of vegetation and vegetation profile. Mt, Gonji and Dukjin park, Chonbuk national University and fields were evaluated highly I the potential. 4) The biotope programs were based on the results of assessment and physical characteristics of biotopes. The uniform and simple levels on vegetation must be modified with various levels of vegetation structure and vernacular plants. And the physical characteristics like Points, Corridors and Patches can be organized by the conception of biotope networking theory. 5) The proper legislative environment was the clue elements for the biotope programs. Until now, only five types of parks and two types of green space are defined and the minimum size of green space has been proposed by the law. So, it is necessary to enlarge the conception of green space in legislation and improve the quality of green space by amending the related regulations. This study has limitation because it was selected only in Chonju. Through the continuous studies, we need to apply this other small and medium sized cities, South Korea. Also the data collection and management of theme maps such as actual vegetation, landuse and a soil must be done preliminary.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.634-641
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 변칙 사례를 통하여 '밀폐된 용기속에서 양초 연소 후 수면이 상승하는 원인'을 학습하는 과정에서, 인지 갈등 유발과 개념의 변화 및 파지 정도를 학생들의 성과 나이에 따라 비교하였다. 변칙 사례에 대한 7가지 반응 유형을 '초기 이론에 대한 신념 변화'에 따라 4단계로 서열화하였다. 나이에 따른 차이를 비교한 결과, 나이가 많은 학생들은 어린 학생들에 비해 인지 갈등 유발과 개념의 변화 및 파지가 효과적이었다. 그러나 인지 갈등 유발 정도와 개념의 변화 및 파지 사이에는 상관이 유의미하지 않았다. Mann-Whitney U 검증 결과, 인지 갈등유발과 개념의 변화 및 파지에 있어서 성에 따른 차이는 발견되지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

Objectives : This study is designed to investigate the association between Samcho-gyeong(TE) and the lower branch of Meridian system. Methods : The base of the study was established by searching for the historic conception of Samcho. Thereafter the meaning of lower correlation was considered and the property of lower part of Samcho Meridian system studied. Results : Samcho is a kind of Yug-Bu(Six hollow viscera, 六腑). It is a functional internal organ, which has been continuously controversial in history. It covers wide range of the internal organs and plays various kinds of roles. Samcho and Simpo lack in interrelation of obverse and reverse. The conception of Sanghap(Upper correlation, 上合) in Naegyeong supplements the deficiency. To establish the conception of Sanghap between Yug-Bu and Hand meridians, there should be established the conception of Hahap(Lower correlation, 下合) between Yug-Bu and foot meridians for treating lower parts. The existence of Hahaphyeol(Lower confluent points, 下合穴) reveals that there were a lot of limits in treating JungHa-cho(Middle and Lower energizers, 中下焦) diseases only with the acupoints of the Hand meridians. Jogsamcho(Triple energizer of foot, 足三焦) meridian written in Taeso(太素), corresponds to the lower leg, and it is believed that it engages in treating diseases in the trunk of the body and Hacho(Lower energizer, 下焦). Conclusions : Therefore, it is believed that the lower part of meridian of Samcho can deal with the symptoms of lower back pain, leg pain, bladder disease, and so on. This study is meaningful in that it expands the range of treatment in acupoints of the regular meridians.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2005

Elementary preservice teachers' understanding about the insect molt and metamorphosis was examined. Data were collected through the paper-pencil test of 448 junior students at a National University of Education. The instrument used was developed by Son(2003) and modified for the test. The results are as follows: First, Only 3.1$\%$ of students had a scientific concept on the molt periods in the insect life cycle. Students had an alternative conception that molt occurs either only in the larval period (29.9$\%$) or only in the period from pupa to adult (22.3$\%$). The percentage of the students thinking that molt occurs in the period from larva to pupa was low. Second, 98$\%$ of students stated that molt has to do with the larval growth, but 39.1$\%$ of students had an alternative conception that molt occurs after the larval growth at each instar. 25.1$\%$ had a conception that molt is related with the larval growth, but did not show any further understanding. Third, most students understood the correct meaning of metamorphosis. 34..2$\%$ of students had an alternative conception that metamorphosis occurs only in the period changing from pupa to adult, and only a few thought that it occurs in the period from larva to pupa. 24.8$\%$ of students had a scientific concept on the periods in which metamorphosis occurs. Fourth, some students understood the hatching process as molt in the sense that the egg shell is taken off (21.0$\%$), and as metamorphosis in terms of the appearance change from egg to larva (25.0$\%$). Fifth, 35.5$\%$ of students selected bees as an insect of incomplete metamorphosis, and 35.3$\%$ responded 'I have no idea', showing that they had poor understanding about the insect life cycle.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2003

This study was to analyze how elementary school science textbooks explain dissolution and to examine the patterns of elementary school teachers' conceptions on dissolution and the teaching practices on dissolution of elementary school teachers. According to the result of the textbook analysis, the textbooks based on the 7th curriculum didn't explain dissolution very differently from those based on the 6th curriculum. The contents dealing with dissolution in the textbooks of 7th curriculum became difficult gradually as the year went up, but the connected organization of the contents made students learn it easily. For example, in order to learn dissolution introduced first in the 3rd year 2nd semester textbook, students would tell soluble substance in water from insoluble substance in water as they put powdered substance in water. In the 5th year 1st semester textbook students were supposed to acquire the knowledge related to dissolution through the designed activities such as comparing solubility produced by different solvents and defining a solvent, a solute, dissolution, and a solution. In addition, teachers' guide for 5th year 1st semester textbook elucidated the principle of dissolution using attraction concept that was scientific. The result of the survey on teachers showed that 90% of elementary school teachers understood the dissolution of salt in water just as millet particles' filling the space between bean particles and they responded that they demonstrated millet particles' filling the space between been particles when they taught the dissolution of salt in water. When it comes to teachers who had the right idea on dissolution as the attraction conception, understanding was one thing and teaching was another, because they often instructed dissolution as the space conception in the real teaching.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2005

The aims of this research are to analyze elementary preservice teacher's conception and causes of their misconceptions on biological reproduction and inheritance. In future, it would be also to provide useful data for the effective teaching-teaming method in the elementary school as well as opportunities to correct their misconceptions, which help elementary preservice teachers have the appropriate scientific conceptions. Thirty kinds of test questions were designed in science curriculum for elementary students and biology textbook for university students in order to develop reproduction and inheritance's concepts. The questionnaire was given to 166 junior students of university of education in a local city. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 10.0 program. The major results are as follows: Among 30 test questions, 2 questions in plants, 5 questions in animals and 2 questions in gene were appeared as misconceptions over $50\%$. The major reason to hold the misconceptions was influenced by 'learning up to now' category. The selection reasons of response were significantly different between scientific conceptions and misconceptions in 10 questions by analysis of variance. The gender also showed statistically significant differences between scientific conception and misconception in 3 questions by $\chi^2$ test. The selection reasons according to gender were significantly different between male and female students in 5 questions. For the reasons in forming misconceptions, they may cause by stereotype, conscious priority, differences of experiences, interest or attention, lack of professional Knowledge, and so on. Therefore, it was concluded that this research may help elementary preservice teachers to reconsider their conception for reproduction and inheritance and to be successful in science instructions fur elementary students.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2003

본 연구는 한우에 GnRH ＋ PGF$_2$$\alpha$＋GnRH (Ov-synch)를 처리하여 배란동기화를 시켰으며, 2차 GnRH 투여후 배란시간, 수태율, 계절별 수태율, 산차별 수태율을 조사하였으며, 시험축은 2산 이상의 개체를 무작위로 선발하여 실험에 공시하였으며, 배란동기화 처리후 1회 인공수정을 실시하고 수태율을 환산하였다. 호르몬 처리방법으로는 GnRH ＋ PGF$_2$$\alpha$ ＋ Gn-RH(Ov-synch)법을 이용하였으며, 배란시간의 조사는 초음파를 이용하여 2차 GnRH 투여 후 24시간부터 31시간까지 2시간 간격으로 난소를 촬영하여 배란 여부를 조사하였다. 1. 배란동기화 처리후 24시간부터 31시간까지 2시간 간격으로 난소의 상태를 확인한 결과 28∼30시간 사이에 80%(20/25)로 가장 많이 배란된 것으로 나타났다. 2. 수태율에 있어서는 계통별 1회 수정 수태율은 고급육 계통이 48.1%(38/79)로 다소 높게 나타났다. 3. 산차에 따른 수태율은 1∼2, 3∼4산차에서 각각 44.3, 55%로 나타났다. 4. 계절별로는 여름보다는 봄과 가을에서 47.3%로 다소 높은 경향이였다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2009

This study was carried out between November 2007 and October 2008 in the experimental farm of Chunnam National University to investigate the effect of feeding of whole crop barley silage on the reproductive performance of Hanwoo heifers and cows. Two diets, rice straw or whole crop barley silage separately from concentrate were fed 11 Hanwoo heifers and 26 Hanwoo cows. In control group (=CON), heifers (n=6) and cows (n=13) were fed 7 kg (/head) rice straw and 4 kg (/head) commercial diet. In whole crop barley silage group (=WBG), heifers (n=5) and cows (n=13) were fed 8 kg (/head) whole crop barley silage and 1 kg (/head) commercial diet. 1. Conception rates for first service in CON or WBG heifers were 66.7% (4/6) and 60.0% (3/5), respectively, and the services per conception cows were $1.5{\pm}0.2$ for CON and $1.4{\pm}0.2$ for WBG group. 2. Days to post-partum insemination were $106.6{\pm}26.3$ days for CON and $85.6{\pm}12.6$ days for WBG group, and days to post-partum conception in CON or WBG were $128.4{\pm}27.1$ and $96.8{\pm}16.8$ days, respectively. 3. Post-partum conception rates for first service in CON or WBG were 76.9% (10/13) and 84.6% (11/13), respectively, and caving interval was $418{\pm}50.7$ days for CON and $392.8{\pm}20.7$ days for WBG group.