• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1122-1129
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• 2022

The concept of Digital Twin (DT) has been receiving an increasing amount of attention in the construction management and building engineering research domains. Although the benefits of DT are evident, confusion with regards to the concept of DTs and its relationship with others such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Internet of Things (IoT) remains. This paper aims to help allay this confusion through an in-depth analysis of the definition of DT and its unique characteristics. As such, a review of the past and current definitions of DT and CPS in various domains is performed. An analysis is then conducted to identify the overlaps between the definition of DT with CPS, as well as with BIM and IoT. Finally, given the relatively closer resemblances between DT and CPS, a set of four distinct dimensions enabling their comparative analysis and highlighting their shared and unique characteristics is discussed. This paper contributes to the existing literature by exploring the definition of DT and presenting two original conceptualizations that help further refine the concept of DT in the construction and management and building engineering domain.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-152
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• 2013

In this research, we investigated students' understanding of the definitions of sequence of continuous functions and its uniform convergence. We selected three female and three male students out of the senior class of a university and conducted questionnaire surveys 4 times. We examined students' concept images of sequence of continuous functions and its uniform convergence and also how they approach to the right concept definitions for those through several progressive questions. Furthermore, we presented some suggestions for effective teaching-learning for the sequences of continuous functions.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.445-451
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• 2018

Recently, transmedia is evolving constantly without clear theories and definitions. In this paper, we reviewed the previous researches on transmedia and summarized the transmedia concept studied before. Furthermore, we analyzed the cases of , and which are examples of the transmedia and researched whether these three cases belonged to the category of the transmedia concept discussed above. The pattern of is almost similar to definition and type of the previously discussed transmedia. However, the cases of and don't match on the concepts presented by existed researches perfectly. This paper includes the necessity of the expanded definition and redefinition on the evolving transmedia, in addition, presents the changed definition on transmedia, through reviewing the limitations of the existing transmedia storytelling concept based on these three cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.57-59
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• 1997

The concept of fuzzy sets was introduced by Zad도 in his highly influential paper [5]. Using this concept, Chang [1] introduced a notion of fuzzy topological spaces which formally is the same one as for ordinary topological spaces. Observing that with Chang's definition constant maps between fuzzy topological spaces are not necessarily continuous, Lowen [2] gave an alternative and more natural definition for a fuzzy topological spaces and characterized the fuzzy compact spaces by means of prefilters in [4]. In this paper we give new characterizations of fuzzy compact spaces introduced in [2]. These results explain more clearly fuzzy compactness in fuzzy topological spaces.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2008

By generalizing the definition of fuzzy weakly semicontinuous mappings by B. S. Zhong, we introduce the concept of fuzzy weakly r-semicontinuous mappings in fuzzy topology of Chattopadhyay. Then the concept introduced by B. S. Zhong becomes a special case of our definition. Also, we show that fuzzy weakly r-semicontinuity and fuzzy weakly r-continuity are independent notions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2006

By generalizing the definition of B. S. Zhong, we introduce the concept of fuzzy weakly ${\gamma}-semicontinuous$ maps in fuzzy topology of Chattopadhyay. Then the concept introduced by B. S. Zhong become special case of our definition. Also, we show that fuzzy weakly ${\gamma}-semicontinuity$ and fuzzy weakly ${\gamma}-continuity$ are independent notions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.90-96
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• 2013

Since the last 50 years, the terminology 'risk' has been widely used in general and industrial applications, with different meanings. The different definitions of risk can lead to the different risk assessments and risk management process elements, and the misunderstandings. For the reasons, the ISO(International Standard Organization) has recently defined a new risk concept through the publication of IS0 31000:2009. Although the new concept of risk was globally accepted, it seem to be argued in its definition debate. Thus, this paper reviews the definition and meaning of the concept of risk in terms of risk origin, general and industrial applications, related domestic laws and risk management standards published to improve an understanding of risk concept.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.207-239
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• 2013

This research is a study on student's understanding fundamental concepts of mathematical curriculum, especially in geometry domain. The goal of researching is to analyze student's concepts about that domain and get the mathematical teaching methods. We developed various questions of descriptive assessment. Then we set up the term, procedure of research for the understanding student's knowledge of geometric figures. And we analyze the student's understanding extent through investigating questions of descriptive assessment. In this research, we concluded that most of students are having difficulty with defining the fundamental concepts of mathematics, especially in geometry. Almost all the students defined the fundamental conceptions of mathematics obscurely and sometimes even missed indispensable properties. And they can't distinguish between concept definition and concept image. Prior to this study, we couldn't identify this problem. Here are some suggestions. First, take time to reflect on your previous mathematics method. And then compile some well-selected questions of descriptive assessment that tell us more about student's understanding in geometric concepts.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.362-372
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• 1992

Nursing's traditional concern for human well being includes concern for health promotion. Until recently textbooks of preventive medicine, public health and community health nursing have defined health prevention- the prevention of disease and health protection or maintenace, but not health promotion. Lack of clear definitions inhibit effective communication among health related disciplines. Therefore, this studys task was the analysis and definition of the concept of health promotion using Walker & Avant's concept analysis methodology. This characteristics of the concept of health promotion are 1) orientation toward well - being, 2) empowering, 3) subjectivity, 4) change and 5) expanded connecteness. Antecedent of health promotion are 1) attaining of a healthy state, 2) having purpose and will to act, 3) persistent and realistic behaviour. The consequences of health promotion are 1) prolonged life, 2) self-actualizing potential, 3) increased well-being and a high level quality of life. The future direction of health promotion research should include that identification of the differences in the definition of between health professionals and health clients and research related to nursing theory of health promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-24
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• 2015

Construction industry faces a lot of inherent uncertainties and issues and the construction phase of nuclear power project is not free from this risk. This paper investigates promising methodologies to be used on nuclear power plant (NPP) construction schedule delay risk assessment by using entry level systems engineering approach. This study contains how the initial concept for the risk assessment methodology has been developed. In this point of view, this work structured on three main phases: needs analysis (NA), concept exploration (CE), and concept definition (CD) through systems engineering (SE) approach. Traditionally, the SE process is applied to technical development programs but this study opens up a new avenue that SE can also be successfully applied to the development and optimization of the risk assessment model. This study provides a rational and systematic process for developing and selecting the best risk assessment model. This paper selects analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to assess NPP construction schedule delay risk for international project. As conclusion, the proposed concept and selected method can discriminate successfully and clearly among schedule delay risk assessment methods.