• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1505-1516
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• 2014

In this study, a cylinder embedded within cemented soils was used to cause directly tensile failure of cemented soils. An existing dumbbell type direct tensile test and a split tensile test that is most general indirect tensile test were also carried out to verify the developed built-in cylinder tensile test. Testing specimens with two different sand/cement ratios (1:1 and 3:1) and two curing periods (7 and 28 days) were prepared and tested. Total 10 specimens were prepared for each case and their average value was evaluated. Unconfined compression tests were also carried out and the ratio of compressive strength and tensile strength was evaluated. The tensile strength determined by built-in cylinder tensile test was slightly higher than that by dumbbell type direct tensile test. The dumbbell type test has often failed in joint part of specimen and showed some difficulty to prepare a specimen. Among three tensile testing methods, the standard deviation of tensile strength by split tensile test was highest. It was shown that the split tensile test is applicable to concrete or rock with elastic failure but not for cemented soils having lower strength.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.37-41
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• 2008

According to the recent rapidly increasing that construction works are gradually Manhattanized mainly the grand scaled residential buildings, the foundation of the building that is related to safety is increasing for building as a grand scaled mat concrete. Because mat concrete can not be simultaneously placing of concrete in a great quantity due to the circumstance at the field, the inequal deformation of the tensile stress that according to the time lag of hydration heat between the upper layer and the lower layer is affecting as a cause that is the possibility of crack occurrence by increasing. Accordingly, this research checked the efficiency of super retard concrete in applying real structures, and we implemented the preparatory experiment to settle up the inequal deformation of the tensile stress substantially that is according to the time lag of placement between the upper layer and the lower layer by controlling the setting time using the super retarding agent. As the result of test, the more target of delay time lengthened, the more fluidity increased and air content indicated a little differences. There was from 2 to 10 hours between the standard curing and the outside curing at the setting time and in case of calculating the rate of mixing at real structure is required that mix promotion, increasing the amount of mixing, by setting up the curing temperature. The super retard concrete showed the result that in compressive strength, early-age strength was smaller than normal concrete whereas it was same or more figures from at the aging 28days because of the super retarding agent.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.6 no.2 s.20
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• pp.73-79
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to enhance the development of construction waste-recycling technologies and its economical efficiency by developing environment-friendly tetrapod, precast concrete, where recycled aggregate is used in order to promote recycling of waste concrete. The results of concrete mechanic characteristics experiments by the circulation coarse aggregate-replacement ratio are as the following. The circulation aggregate is lower and higher than natural aggregate in specific gravity and absorption ratio, respectively so that in case of mix proportioning, unit volume increases, while unit aggregate amount decreases. From the result, sufficient experiments of physical characteristics of circulation aggregate are required to get proper mix proportioning. When circulation aggregate-replacement ratio increases, compressive strength tends to decrease comprehensively, but 50% of replacement ratio is good enough to use. When circulation coarse aggregate's replacement ratio is 0%, drying shrinkage, which causes cracks in concrete and deteriorates durability, shows the minimum length change and the higher the ratio, the larger the length change. Thus. when using circulation coarse aggregate, drying shrinkage should be fairly examined. In freezing-and-thawing resistance, weight loss tends to comprehensively increase its loss at the circulation aggregate-mixed site. And the examination of surface aggregate-omission ratio is further needed and dynamic elastic modulus and durability factor(DF) require more study as well. In order to use circulation aggregate to tetrapod, a clear standard for strength should be first prepared and at the same time, more study about durability is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.29-39
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• 2022

The engineering characteristics of synthetic polymer-silica sol, which has the effect of reducing leakage, was evaluate and compared with typical grouting material, the water glass-based SGR injection material in this study. The result of the laboratory tests on strength and durability about the synthetic polymer-silica sol showed more than twice as high as LW-based injection materials in uniaxial compressive strength, significantly lower values in shrinkage rate and permeability. The result of pH was less than 8.5 (the drinking water quality standard). As a result of the leaching test, the Na₂O elution amount of the synthetic polymer-silica sol was measured to be 3 to 4 times smaller than that of the water glass grout. These results be assumed that the synthetic polymer-silica sol has better durability and permeability than those of the typical water glass-based grout.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

Three heat-treatment schedules were applied to $90{\times}90mm$ dimension square lumber of Pinus koraiensis, one of major domestic species, and their colors and physical properties were investigated for obtaining an optimum schedule. Each square lumber was heat-treated three times. The temperatures of $170^{\circ}C$ and $190^{\circ}C$, and the time of 9 hours and 13 hours were used for the first heat-treatment. The schedule of $190^{\circ}C$ and 7 hours were used for the next two heat-treatments. The averages of brightness $L^*$ decreased linearly as the heat-treatment repeated and its standard deviations also decreased slightly. While the averages of color difference ${\Delta}E^*$ increased linearly as the heat-treatment repeated and its standard deviations also increased slightly. The average compressive strength of the heat-treated specimen was higher than that of the control by 9%, which deviates from previous reports. ASE and WPG of the heat-treated specimens were measured to confirm that heat-treatment improved dimensional stability significantly.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2018

This study examined the reliability and revision necessity of concrete standard specifications based on the comparisons with test data obtained by using domestic artificial lightweight aggregates and the contents specified in different foreign specifications including ACI 211.2, ACI 213, ACI 301, JASS 5 and CEB-FIP. To achieve the continuous particle distribution of domestic fine lightweight aggregates, the partial addition of natural sand with the maximum size of 2.5mm was required. To control the segregation and excessive bleeding in the fresh lightweight concrete, the current limitations on the water-to-binder ratio and unit water content need to be modified using lower values. In particular, a rational mixture proportion approach of lightweight concrete needs to be established for the targeted requirements of initial slump, 28-day compressive strength, air content and dry unit weight. Ultimately, significant revision of the concrete standard specifications is required considering the characteristics of domestic artificial lightweight aggregates.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 1996

The pulished works on Accelerated Curing Effect were generally performed around from 1960 to 1970th century for 18 to 24 hours - total curing periods. It is not possible to define the effect of temperature rise because those results were obtaine mainly by using the manually operated steam-curing tank. Thus, it may not be available to apply those data immediately on the domestic PC wall production line. The testing specimens were made from the standard mix proportion according to those of domestic PC factories to establish a basic data for the Accelerated Curing Effect. The experimental tests were conducted according to the conditions of each sub-curing periods. By comparing the results of compression tests on de-molded and 28-day water-curing specimens, we find that the most effective curing condition to obtain more than the required design strength after 28 day of water curing may be as follows: the presteaming period does not affect seriously and less than$30^{circ}C/hr$- the rate of temperature rise andless than $82^{circ}C$ - maximum temperature are necessary. It seems that post-curing procedure is very important factor to increase the effect of accelerated curing.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.382-388
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• 2010

This paper describes the standardized finite element model for carbody structures of railway vehicle made of sandwich composites. Recently, sandwich composites were widely used to railway vehicle due to the improvement of energy efficiency, high specific stiffness and strength, weight reduction and space saving in korea. Therefore, structural integrity should be verified using finite element analysis prior to the manufacture of composite railway vehicle. The standardized finite element model for composite carbody structures was introduced through comparing the results of real structural test under vertical, compressive, twisting load and natural frequency test of various railway vehicles in this study. The results show that the quadratic shell element is suitable to model the reinforced metal frame used to improve the flexural stiffness of sandwich panel compared to beam element, and layered shell and solid element are recommended to model the skin and honeycomb core of sandwich panel compared to sandwich shell element. Also, the proposed standard finite element model has the merit of being applied to crashworthiness problem without modifications of finite element model.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2021

The basic properties and volume stability of the ultra-rapid setting cement mortar containing low-quality recycled aggregate with a higher water absorption and lower specific gravity than relavent Korea Standard were experimentally confirmed. The mix proportion without recycled aggregate followed that of the general repair mortar used in the fields. 15% and 30% of the fine aggregate was substituted by the recycled aggregate in the mixtures with and without latex emulsion, and properties and characteristics of the mortar including mortar flow, setting time, compressive and flexural strength, and linear deformation under sealed and unsealed conditions were evaluated. It was confirmed that when low-quality recycled aggregate was used by 30%, there were risks of decrease in the early-age strength by up to 50% within 24h and increases in drying shrinkage by up to 2 times for 2 weeks compared to the the mixtures without the recycled aggregate.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.27-37
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• 2006

Cemented Sand and Gravel (C.S.G) method has become increasingly popular in Japan and throughout the world as a construction method and material. This method is favorably used for cofferdam and large dam because a quarry and aggregate plant facility can be diminished. Also, this method can reduce construction cost, work duration and destruction of environment. In this paper, a methodology for C.S.G mix design based on so-called soil mechanics approach is proposed for trapezoid-shaped dam. The methodology consists of selection of a suitable aggregate, introduction of compaction method, processing to prepare standard specimens, and determination of mix portions. Also, unconfined compressive strength tests and large triaxial compression tests are performed. From the results of the test, correlation equation among strength, elastic modulus and unit cement is proposed.