• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2009

This study was carried out to determine the optimum extraction conditions for Ishige okamurai by comparing the yields, total phenolic compound content (TPC), and antioxidant properties of its 95%, 70%, 50% fermented ethyl alcohol and water extracts. Additionally, the effects of heat and pH treatments on the antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated by their TPC and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging capabilities. The yields of the extracts were greatest in the order of water > 50% > 70% > 95% fermented ethyl alcohol, and the TPC of the 70% (26.18%) and 50% fermented ethyl alcohol (27.56%) extracts were higher than those of the others. However, in terms of DPPH radical scavenging and ferrous-reducing power, the 70% fermented ethyl alcohol extract of Ishige okamurai showed the highest antioxidant effects. Additionally, in the results for the heat and pH treatments, the antioxidant properties of the 70% fermented ethyl alcohol extract were not influenced by the treatment conditions except at pH 10.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2015

Several studies suggest that regular consumption of walnuts may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress-mediated disease such as cancer. The present study reports the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, together with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of several solvent extracts (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) obtained from walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk. MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values of the walnut extracts for 8 human pathogenic bacteria strain were determined using agar dilution method. Antioxidant activity of extracts were assessed using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) assays, EC₅₀ of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content and its correlation with DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacities. Among the six extracts, ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc Ex) showed the highest antimicrobial activity at 3.2 mg/ml of MICs against Staphylococcus aureus SG511. Total flavonoids and polyphenol contents of EtOAc Ex were 42.48 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/g and 223.25 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g respectively. The highest antioxidative potential was shown by the sample extracted with EtOAc Ex (EC₅₀=13.43 μg/ml for DPPH and EC₅₀=41.83 μg/ml for ABTS radical scavenging activity assay). These results showed that J. regia green husk extracts can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antibacterial agents and natural antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.693-698
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of adzuki beans were measured to evaluate their functional properties and to compare them to Daepung and Taekwang. Proximate compositions and mineral contents of the various adzuki beans were not significantly different. A high level of dietary fiber (14.81%) was found in Chilbopat. The extraction yields of Daepung and Taekwang were 38.70 and 34.61%, respectively; however the yields of the various adzuki beans were lower at 13.78-20.76%. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the various adzuki beans were 19.00-34.75 and 12.97-28.95 mg/g, respectively (Daepung: 14.40 and 3.96 mg/g, Taekwang: 10.7 and 2.61 mg/g). High levels of polyphenols (34.75 mg/g) and flavonoids (28.95 mg/g) were found in Miryang 6. The total anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin contents of the various adzuki beans ranged from 5.89-23.77 and 1.83-3.29 mg/g, respectively. A high level of total tocopherol content (7.66 mg/100 g) was found in Yungum-pat. High levels of ABTS radical (2.44 mg TEAC/mg extract residue) and DPPH radical scavenging activities (4.46 mg TEAC/mg extract residue) were found in Miryang 6. A significant correlation was also noted between free radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic compound content. The results of this study suggest that notable antioxidant activities in various adzuki beans could have significant health benefits.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.430-437
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• 2017

The protective effect of Pteridium aquilinum on high glucose-induced cytotoxicity was examined in vitro to investigate the relationship between diabetic condition and neuronal dysfunction. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. aquilinum (EFPA), with total phenolic content of 265.08 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, showed higher 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)/2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect than any other fraction. In addition, EFPA showed a significant reduction in the inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity ($IC_{50}$ value=$205.26{\mu}g/mL$) compared to the acarbose positive control. The anti-oxidative effect in PC12 cells, protective effects on high glucose-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells, and neurotoxicity were measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide, and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. EFPA showed conspicuous inhibitory effect on cellular reactive oxygen species production and neuronal cell apoptosis. Finally, kaempferol-3-glucoside was identified as the main phenolic compound of EFPA using high performance liquid chromatography.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2007

There are produced more than 600,000 tons of seaweeds every year along the coast of the Korea. Jeonnam province, south-west coast area, of Korea is producing 93% of total amounts of seaweeds. The laver, sea mustard, and tangleweed maintain stability in the output and has been exported as a simple product processing through drying or salting. It was evaluated the low value-added products and limited the expansion for the consumption of seaweeds. The seaweeds contains 40-60% carbohydrate and structurally different compared with land plant. The dietary fiber from seaweeds has been known the function of facilitating the bowl movement, excretion the heavy metal in the body, lowering the blood cholesterol level, anti-coagulant of blood, and anticancer. Especially, brown algae including sea mustard, seaweed fusiforme, and tangleweed contains alginic acid, laminarin, mannitol, fucoidan which are lowering the blood cholesterol level, lowering blood pressure, and fusion of blood clot. Agar-agar, carrageenan, and porphyran compound in red algae are known to antimutagenicity and anticoagulant function. In spite of potential of seaweed as a main bio-resource, there are lack of research to facilitate the consumption with its functional properties and consumers are unsatisfied with simple processing products. Also, the seaweed by-product dump into the sea and cause pollution of the seawater. Therefore, there are needed the scheme to promote the consumption of seaweeds. The development of value-added products, finding functional properties from seaweeds, development the functional feed for animal using seaweed by-products, and utilization of unused algae for food or other industrial uses will increase fisherman's income as well as serve as an aid for the people health due to its functional properties. Using by-product of seaweed and unexploited seaweed are needed to development of bio-degradable food packaging material and functional feed for animal.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.194-197
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• 2011

The transitivity of Chemical constituents by Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in different raw sawdusts, which are Acer tegmentosum MAX, Rhus verniciflura, was investigated. The HPLC chromatography patterns on the chemical constituents of P. ostreatus showed the similar chromatography patterns in the different raw sawdusts and control sawdust. The unknown chemical constituents of P. ostreatus cultivated in the mixed medium added 10 %, 20% raw sawdusts, respectively, were increased. But the significance results in the mixed medium added 50% raw sawdusts were not showed. The chromatography patterns of mycelia grown in media added the 80% MeOH extracts of A. tegmentosum and R. verniciflura showed the similar patterns in comparison with control mycelia. In the results, the secondary metabolites of functional media were not degrade and changed to other derivatives compounds by P. ostreatus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 2016

In the present study, we investigated the plant growth characteristics and biological activity of four asparagus cultivars grown using two cultural methods and tested the possibility of domestic open field. The number of shoots, buds, roots, shoot and root fresh and dry weights, and total dry weight of the four asparagus cultivars grown in a plastic house were higher than those of the same cultivars grown in an open field. Of the cultivars grown in the open field, Jersey Giant had greater shoot number than the other cultivars. In plastic house cultivation, the number of buds in Jersey Supreme was greater than the other cultivars. The total flavonoid content of the Jersey Giant was greater than the other cultivars, but cultural method was unaffected. The total polyphenol contents in asparagus cultivars grown in the plastic house were higher than those of cultivars grown in the open field. The total polyphenol content of the Jersey Giant grown the plastic house was significantly higher than those of other cultivars. Antioxidant activity such as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) did not differ significantly with cultural methods and among the cultivars. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity of asparagus cultivars grown in the open field was higher than that of cultivars grown in the greenhouse; the highest APX activity was detected in UC157. Thus, greenhouse cultivation is expected to improve plant growth characteristics and biological activities of asparagus cultivars; each cultural method should be considered when selecting a suitable cultivar for high yield and high bioactive compound content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1295-1303
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• 2015

Berry fruits are rich in phytochemicals, including polyphenols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and organic acids, which are known to have beneficial effects on health. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition, functional constituents, and antioxidant activities of mulberry, black raspberry, raspberry, and blueberry cultivated in Korea. Acidity of the four berries ranged from 0.26% to 1.10%, and pH ranged from 3.3 to 5.2. Total mineral contents of the four berries ranged from 92.9 to 256.0 mg/100 g. Among the berries, mulberry contained the most abundant total free sugars, and glucose and fructose were the major sugars in the berries. Mulberry contained more than three times as much ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid as the content of the other berries. Blueberry contained more free phenolic acid than the other berries. Especially, chlorogenic acids were the major free phenolic acids in blueberry. Black raspberry had the highest amount of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoids among the berries and showed the highest antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2005

This study was carried out to determine the acceptability of liquid manure bin among livestock farmers and agricultural farmers, and quantify its malodorous compounds. The results were as follows; 1. The size of the manure bins owned by $93\%$ of 60 farmers surveyed was 200 M/T and were all in normal operation. Around $57\%$ of the normally operated bins were processed under aerobic condition. 2. Filly percent of the respondents utilized their liquid manure bin twice a year while $64\%$ used commercial microbial products to enhance maturity of their liquid manure and abatement of malodorous emissions. On the other hand, $43\%$ mentioned problems on the labor requirement, mechanical maintenance and lending cost of liquid manure processing and utilization, and the price of the commercial microbial products. 3. Malodorants emitted from livestock liquid manure bins and their boundary bin depended upon the livestock liquid manure processing condition. Within bin under the aerobic processing condition, Iso-valeric and propionic acid were ranged 0.012 to 0.07ppm and 0.17 to 2.85ppm, respectively. Within bin under the anoxic processing condition, n-butyric, n-valeric acid, and acetaldehyde were ranged 1.5 to 2.3ppm, 1.3 to 1.8ppm, and 0.8 to 2.1ppm, respectively. Malodorants emitted from the boundary of livestock liquid manure bins under the anoxic processing condition were detected the range of 0.4 to 0.9 ppm, more than the concentration of law regulation, as an acetaldehyde, but under the aerobic processing condition, they did not any detection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1512-1517
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• 2011

Effects of cultivated area on antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of sorghum were determined. The cultivated areas were Miryang (plain area of interior), Wonju (mountainous territory), and Sinan (coastal area), and the cultivated varieties were Hwanggeumchal-susu (HGCS), Daepung-susu (DPS), Whinchal-susu (WCS), Tojong-susu (TJS), and Mae-susu (MS). The highest total polyphenol contents of methanolic extracts were 19.64 and 19.32 mg gallic acid equivalent (GE)/g in un-hulled MS and DPS on the cultivated Wonju. The highest total flavonoid content was 7.54 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g in un-hulled DPS on cultivated Wonju. Generally, antioxidant compound contents of sorghum on cultivated Wonju were higher than those of Miryang and Sinan. Further, un-hulled HGCS, DPS, and MS were higher than un-hulled WCS and TJS. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the methanolic extracts of sorghum did not significantly change with the cultivated areas, whereas there were significant changes with cultivated varieties. The radical scavenging activities of un-hulled HGCS, DPS, and MS with red or dark brown seed coats were higher than those of un-hulled WCS and TJS with white seed coats.