• 무역상무연구
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• 제50권
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• pp.215-250
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• 2011

Korean won overseas construction projects worth 71.6 billion US Dollars in 2010, which exceeded that of 2009 by 45.6%. An overseas construction project is a transaction of large scale, long term project, many parties participating, deferred payment, and of high-technology. It contributes to foreign currency earning, and also leads the nation's export restructuring work towards high value-added one. There are various kinds of risks towards the relevant parties respectively, which are key elements in successfully performing the overseas construction project. There are completion risk, financing risk, operating risk, revenue risk etc, in an employer's place. A contractor may be confronted with payment risk, issuance risk of performance bond, financing risk, performance risk of sub-contractors, and exchange rate risk. In lenders place there are repayment risk, completion risk, and political risk in the host country. In order to mitigate risks, the parties shall take relevant measures or require relevant securities. A contractor needs to evaluate the credibility of an employer in respect of payment risk, and can also request export insurance cover by the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation(the former 'Korea Export Insurance Corporation"). An employer can require a contractor to provide performance bond in respect of completion risk, and employ a well-known first class bank as a mandated arranger to arrange financing with regard to completion risk. Lenders needs to evaluate the credibility of an employer and accomplish feasibility study of the project. Lenders can request insurance cover from export credit agency. Once the parties assess the respective risks and obtain relevant securities, the project will be successfully completed. The success of the project will be sure to bring the parties involved enormous profits and another opportunity to participate in overseas construction project afterwards.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2003

Natural stream work has been implemented recently to improve the urban stream environment in Korean cities. Many plants planted in the early work have not survived because they were not suited to the site and therefore failed to adapt to the riparian environment. The objective of this study is to investigate the floral change at the riparian environment after completion of the natural stream work by comparing the differences between planted species during the work and the current species at the study site. The study site was the stream area between Yeongdohng 2 bridge and Yeongdohng 3 bridge at Yangjae-cheon Stream, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, which was the prototype site of G-7 project of the Ministry of Environment in Korea. The following conclusions were derived after doing this study: Among the 50 species planted during the work, 23 species survived in the stream zone, while 27 species did not. The species that did not survive were ornamental plants that were not appropriate for the riparian environment. Among the 144 species which appeared naturally, 77 species(53.5%) were annuals and perennials, which means the study site is still in ecological disturbance and does not have a stable status ecologically. Thus, it is necessary to select the plant species that can survive in the disturbed riparian environment.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors related to the completion status of continuing education and to help develop professional ability by presenting improvement directions. Methods: A questionnaire survey involving 500 dental hygienists working at 155 dental clinics in Gwang-ju was conducted between June 19 and July 29, 2017. Descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and t-tests were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21.0 for Windows. Finally, to investigate the factors related to the completion of continuing education, logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The odds ratio (OR) was higher in the group with more than 16 years of total work carrier (OR=3.40, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.22-9.45) than that in the group with 1-5 years of work carrier. Groups receiving information from associations (OR=5.35, 95% CI=1.74-16.40), groups that directly search for information (OR=6.53, 95% CI=1.84-23.12), and groups receiving information from colleagues (OR=3.55, 95% CI=1.17-10.77) had higher ORs than groups receiving no information. The OR was higher in the group receiving cost support for participation (OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.06-4.55) than the group receiving no support. Regarding total education completion status in 2012-2014, groups that completed grades 1-7 (OR=2.51, 95% CI=1.35-4.64) and those that completed grade 8 or higher (OR=14.37, 95% CI=7.68-26.89) had higher ORs than groups who received no education. Conclusions: The rate of completion of continuing education can be increased by reviewing the course contents, publicity activities, and cost of continuing education.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2012

Construction management is essential for a achieving any pre-determined objective. It is however seen that in spite of construction management, majority of the project do not keep up their original time schedule and their completion cost is also higher as compared with the estimated cost The main reason for overrun in time and cost is that the planning at the outset of the project was not adequate or method of planning was not a refined one. In this research work, I showed the overall conditions of construction work and management in Sylhet city of Bangladesh and found many drawbacks in the construction management after completing my research. I found several factors affecting proper construction management and I have provided brief results. I have also provided some recommendations after my research work.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.294-298
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• 2015

In the United States, the completion of Construction Work Zone (CWZ) impact assessments for all federally-funded highway infrastructure improvement projects is mandated, yet it is regarded as a daunting task for state transportation agencies, due to a lack of standardized analytical methods for developing sounder Transportation Management Plans (TMPs). To circumvent these issues, this study aims to create a spatiotemporal modeling framework, dubbed "SWAT" (Spatiotemporal Work zone Assessment for TMPs). This study drew a total of 43,795 traffic sensor reading data collected from heavily trafficked highways in U.S. metropolitan areas. A multilevel-cluster-driven analysis characterized traffic patterns, while being verified using a measurement system analysis. An artificial neural networks model was created to predict potential 24/7 traffic demand automatically, and its predictive power was statistically validated. It is proposed that the predicted traffic patterns will be then incorporated into a what-if scenario analysis that evaluates the impact of numerous alternative construction plans. This study will yield a breakthrough in automating CWZ impact assessments with the first view of a systematic estimation method.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2022

Prior to the emergence of Covid-19, Saudi Arabia (SA) had never faced the challenge of dealing with a global pandemic. Significantly, the current crisis has impacted all industries and sectors in the country, including the healthcare system, and has led to an emphasis on human life being more precious and valuable than economic profit. This study focuses on the impact of Covid-19 on the health of nurses, including their quality of life, during 2020. Understanding the position of the nursing profession during the pandemic, including the most effective methods of preventing work-related stress is important. Information was acquired through an online survey method (i.e. self-completion), known as the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS), which was distributed to nurses in all regions of SA. It was found that the main aspects impacting nurses' work-related stress include gender, employment type, training, and dealing with infected patients. In addition, they highlight that such stress plays a substantial role in patient safety and nurses' satisfaction at work, as well as the future survival of organizations. The emergence of Covid-19 as a novel infectious disease has increased nurses' uncertainty and work-related stress. The results of this research will provide insights into the views of both nurses and their managers, in order to identify the main indicators of stress.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2009

근래의 호스피스 완화 서비스에 대한 국가의 관심과 지원 정책은 매우 고무적이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 호스피스 완화 의료의 정착과 발전이라는 명목을 가지고 우리는 호스피스 완화간호와 관련된 우리 주위의 현실에 비판과 반영의 눈으로 돌아볼 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 호스피스 철학에 부합되는 완화 간호 모델을 찾아내어 생의 마지막 단계에 있는 사람과 가족의 완화 간호에 적합한 모델인가를 심사하는 것은 목적으로 하였다. 소개되고 심사된 모델은 Eagan, Labyak의 호스피스 경험 모델과 Byock의 삶의 완결(life completion)을 위한 성장 모델이었다. 호스피스 경험 모델은 생의 마지막 단계에 있는 환자와 가족의 경험과 가치관에 근거한 임종 간호 모델로서 개개인의 경험의 독특성을 인정하며 환자 가족 개개인의 다 영역의 역동성과 상호작용적 관련성과 다 영역적 특성을 가진 개개인의 상호 관계성을 인정한다. 또한, 생의 마지막 단계에서도 다 영역적 상호 관계성은 긍정적인 성장과 발달을 만들 수 있음을 인정한다. 이 모델은 생의 마지막 단계에 있는 개인과 가족의 개개인 요구에 부합된 삶의 질 개선, 고통 제거, 삶의 완결, 좋은 죽음을 이끄는 완화 간호를 이끌 수 있다고 평가되었다. Byock의 성장 모델은 임종의 시기를 마지막 삶의 발달 단계로 보았다. 이 모델은 생의 마지막 단계에 있는 개인과 가족을 삶의 완결의 과정을 경험할 수 있는 존재로 보았다. 모델은 세속적인 일/사회적인 일/개인적인 관계들/개인 내재적인 영역/초월적 영역들의 세부 항목으로 이루어진 이정표와 발달 과업을 포함한다. 이 모델에서는 전문 의료인이 이정표 및 과업을 이용하여 성장의 주체의 변화를 얼마나 잘 파악하여 내고 도와주는 가가 환자 및 가족의 성장의 열쇠가 되며 한 인간이 인간 실존 안에서 삶을 마칠 수 있게 만드는 결과를 낼 수 있다.그 결과 개인은 평화와 안녕 속에서 삶을 마감할 수 있다. 이 두 모델은 호스피스 철학에 부합되는 완화 간호의 모델로 고려되었다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2022

크라우드펀딩은 자금조달이 어려운 스타트업과 중소기업을 위한 대안적 자금조달 방법으로 혁신적이고 창의적인 특징을 가진다. 크라우드펀딩을 진행하기 위해서는 화면 구성을 위한 디자인, 대중을 대상으로 하는 마케팅 및 홍보, 모집된 자금을 관리하는 회계, 리워드 구성을 위한 제품 제작 및 구매 등 다양한 기능이 필요하다. 또한, 단기간에 완성해야 하는 프로젝트로 팀원들 간의 협력이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 이러한 크라우드펀딩의 특성에 주목하여 크라우드펀딩을 진행하는 팀 특성이 팀성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 연구하였다. 본 연구에서는 팀 특성 변수로 기능적 배경 다양성과 공유리더십을 측정하였고, 팀성과로 객관적인 성과인 크라우드펀딩 달성 금액과 주관적인 성과인 업무완성도, 팀혁신을 측정하였다. 총 79개 크라우드펀딩팀에 소속된 220명을 대상으로 회귀분석을 통해 연구가설을 검정한 결과, 기능적 배경 다양성과 공유리더십은 업무완성도와 팀혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 펀딩 금액에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 크라우드펀딩을 진행할 때 필요한 요소인 팀원의 기능적 배경 다양성과 공유리더십 등 제안자의 특성이 크라우드펀딩에 미치는 영향을 밝혀냄으로써 크라우드펀딩의 연구를 확장하고, 크라우드펀딩팀 구성뿐만 아니라 혁신적인 아이템을 기반으로 조직을 운영하는 스타트업과 중소기업의 팀 구성에 시사점을 줄 것이다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1993년도 지하공간 건설기술에 관한 서울 심포지움 논문집
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• pp.133-162
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• 1993

The environment of underground spaces might be considered in view of working environment during the construction and living environment after completion of the construction work. For controlling environment of underground space, an appropriate measures have to be taken on the governing factors such as air flow, dust, gases, heat, radiation, noise, illumination and water. The more critical matter, in underground environmental point of view, is underground disasters such as fire, gas explosion and water inrush. This paper presents the general introduction of these factors mentioned above and some outcomes of research works as of now.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1995

D. Dubois and H. Prade introduced the notions of fuzzy numbers and defined its basic operations [3]. R. Goetschel, W. Voxman, A. Kaufmann, M. Gupta and G. Zhang [4,5,6,9] have done much work about fuzzy numbers. Let $\mathbb{R}$ the set of all real numbers and $F^{*}(\mathbb{R})$ all fuzzy subsets defined on $\mathbb{R}$. G. Zhang [8] defined the fuzzy number $\tilde{a}\;\in\;F^{*}(\mathbb{R})$ as follows : (omitted)