• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

This Study aims at investigating actual condition on attending school road of children and analyzing empirically the characteristics of cognition and the influence of safety on school road. This study findings are as follows : 1) Walking alone to go to school is the highest rates among Commuting Mode, and Commuting distance to school is nearly doubles than range of school zone(300 m). 2) Among characteristics of urban spatial structure affecting on influence classify safety of school road, 'Commuting Distance' has been drawn to most influential variable. Especially, there are 4 types classified by commuting distance and it became obvious that the longer the distance, the lower the safety score(under 127 m=76.9 points, Over 451 m=58.3 points). 3) As a result of investigating the influence of Safety on attending school road, Vehicle commuting speed urder 127 m as internal of school zone, and Walking and crossing convenience over 451 m as external of school zone have a lot of influence on safety cognition on school road. Therefore Safety on school road should be considering the commuting distance to school among surrounding characteristics, needed for improvement plan and program based on real safety cognition of children.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2015

The objective of the current study was to assess the comparative risk associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) while commuting via different public transport modes in Fukuoka, Japan. For the given routes and measuring days, a trip-maker carried a lightweight portable bag loaded the real-time measurement devices which take simultaneous measurement for size-fractioned particle number concentration, $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration, and total suspended particle (TSP) collection. The results of the present study have shown significant differences between public transports as commuting modes in Fukuoka. The PM exposure levels on subway platform and inside subway train were overwhelmingly higher than those of other points on commuting route. The relative ratio between modes (i.e., the ratio of $PM_{2.5}$ inside subway to that inside bus) provides an idea for choosing a right commuting mode for our health. This study clearly provided evidence of the extremely high levels of iron exposure by subway uses compared to bus uses. The result of theoretically reconstructed mass concentration of $PM_{2.0-0.3}$ collected on subway platform suggests that the PM of underground subway will be associated with PM both generated in subway system and inleakaged from outdoor environment.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1941-1948
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• 2016

최근 통학버스로 인한 사고가 빈번하게 발생되고 있으며, 정부에서도 어린이 안전 종합대책을 발표하여 어린이 교통안전 취약지역에 대한 시스템을 구축할 예정이다. 학생들의 등하교시의 안전은 부모들에게 주된 관심사중 하나이다. 학교는 부모의 입장에서 학생이 무사히 학교에 도착했는지 또는 안전하게 귀가를 했는지에 대한 실시간 정보를 제공하는 체계를 가져야 할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 저전력 블루투스 무선통신 장비인 비콘과 스마트폰의 GPS기능을 이용하여 학생 승하차 여부와 통학버스 위치 조회를 제공하는 통학 시스템을 제안한다. 통학 시스템은 학생들에게 제공된 비콘 UUID 정보와 통학 버스 운전자 스마트 폰 GPS 위치를 응용 앱 서버에서 수집하여 학부모와 관리자가 실시간으로 확인하도록 구성하여 학부모와 관리자가 학생 탑승 여부, 탑승시간과 버스 위치에 대해 실시간으로 정보를 확인할 수 있다. 운전자는 학생들의 탑승여부, 오탑승 여부, 운행 후 잔류학생 확인을 파악할 수 있다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 정보통신 이용행태와 통행행태, 특히 통행발생빈도 변화와의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 수도권에 거주하면서 수도권에 직장을 둔 직장인 995명을 대상으로 개인특성, 통행특성, 토지이용특성, 정보통신이용특성 등을 설문 조사한 결과를 분석하였다. 통행특성으로는 차량이용빈도, 통근수단, 그리고 통근시간을, 토지이용특성으로는 주거지와 직장근처 지하철역까지의 거리를, 정보통신이용특성으로는 인터넷이용빈도, 자료 및 정보획득, 커뮤니케이션 & 여가활동, 인터넷구매 및 판매, 금융 및 전자민원, 핸드폰서비스이용량, 그리고 이메일이용빈도 등을 이용하였다. 분석결과 통행특성과 토지이용특성이 정보통신이용특성과 더불어 상호 영향을 미치면서 통행빈도의 변화에도 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 통근시간이 길고, 주거지와 직장에서 지하철을 이용하기 어려울수록 인터넷을 이용하여 자료 및 정보를 획득함으로써 실제 통행을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2007

Let R be a ring with left identity e and suitably-restricted additive torsion, and Z(R) its center. Let H : $R{\times}R{\times}R{\rightarrow}R$ be a symmetric 3-additive mapping, and let h be the trace of H. In this paper we show that (i) if for each $x{\in}R$, $$n=<<\cdots,\;x>,\;\cdots,x>{\in}Z(R)$$ with $n\geq1$ fixed, then h is commuting on R. Moreover, h is of the form $$h(x)=\lambda_0x^3+\lambda_1(x)x^2+\lambda_2(x)x+\lambda_3(x)\;for\;all\;x{\in}R$$, where $\lambda_0\;{\in}\;Z(R)$, $\lambda_1\;:\;R{\rightarrow}R$ is an additive commuting mapping, $\lambda_2\;:\;R{\rightarrow}R$ is the commuting trace of a bi-additive mapping and the mapping $\lambda_3\;:\;R{\rightarrow}Z(R)$ is the trace of a symmetric 3-additive mapping; (ii) for each $x{\in}R$, either $n=0\;or\;<n,\;x^m>=0$ with $n\geq0,\;m\geq1$ fixed, then h = 0 on R, where denotes the product yx+xy and Z(R) is the center of R. We also present the conditions which implies commutativity in rings with identity as motivated by the above result.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.495-507
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• 2008

In this paper we give a complete classification of real hyper-surfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians $G_2({\mathbb{C}}^{m+2})$ with commuting structure Jacobi operator $R_{\xi}$ and another geometric condition.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.641-650
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• 2021

The notions of skew-commuting/commuting/semi-commuting/skew-centralizing/semi-centralizing mappings play an important role in ring theory. ${\mathfrak{C}}^*$-algebras with these properties have been studied considerably less and the existing results are motivating the researchers. This article elaborates the structure of prime rings and ${\mathfrak{C}}^*$-algebras satisfying certain functional identities involving automorphisms.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.629-643
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• 2019

In common fixed point problems in metric spaces several versions of weak commutativity have been considered. Mappings which are not compatible have also been discussed in common fixed point problems. Here we consider common fixed point problems of non-compatible and R-weakly commuting mappings in probabilistic semimetric spaces with the help of a control function. This work is in line with research in probabilistic fixed point theory using control functions. Further we support our results by examples.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2022

Let N^(q) be an arithmetic table of a negative exponent polynomial with q-commuting variables. We study sequential properties of diagonal sums of N^(q). We first device a q-coefficient table $\hat{N}$ of N^(q), find sequences of diagonal sums over $\hat{N}$, and then retrieve the findings of $\hat{N}$ to N^(q). We also explore recurrence rules of s-slope diagonal sums of N^(q) with various s and q.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of social support on the role conflicts and marital satisfaction of dual-career commuting couples. Ninety-three dual-career commuting couples were participated in this study. The results were as follows: (1) Wives received more informational support than their husband. Wives also received more support from their family of origin. (2) For wives, instrumental support from their family of origin and friends reduced their role conflicts. (3) For both wives and husbands, wives family of origin played most important role among social network. (4) Social support from friends and colleagues had significant effects on role conflicts and marital satisfaction of dual-career commuting couples.