• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-88
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• 1998

Present study was attempt to explore the relationship between perceived family support and depression and to emphasize the importance or needs of family support in psychological care especially among adolescents. Study subjects comprized of 308 high school students including vocational students in part, and data collection was done in the Kwangju City area in April. 1998. The Moos Family Environment Scale and the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale modified by investigators were used as measurement tools of 59 item questionnaire and in data analysis, statistical methods of T-test, ANOVA. and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were utilized. The study findings are as follows 1. The hypothesis of the study, 'the higher the degree of perceived family support among adolescents, the lower the level of depression', was supported (r=-0.4469, p<.001). 2. Some variables in demographic characteristics related to the degree of family support with statistical significance were school division of vacational vs non-vocational(t=-2.02, p<.05), age(f=5.47, p<.01), family monthly income (f=2.49, p<.05), mother's level of education (f=3.01. p<.05), residence at developmental stage (f=2.87, p<.05), personal problem of highest priority at present(f=7.73, p<.001), and family problem perceived by adolescents(f=7.38, p< .001). 3. Items In general characteristics related to the level of depression with statistical significance were sex(t=-2.91, p<.0l). mother's level of education(f=2.53. p<.05). residence at developmental stage (f=3.95. p<.0l). present personal problem of highest priority (f=3.68. p<.1l). and perceived in-family problem (f=4.58. p<.001). 4. The mean score of the degree of perceived family support was 61.26 $(SD=\pm14.45)$ in a range of 21.00 to 96.00 ; that of the level of depression. 43.74 $(SD=\pm8.04)$ in a range of 23.00 to 67.00. which demonstrated that the higher the degree of perceived family support, the lower the level of depression. In conclusion. it was found that the degree of family support perceived by adolescents is a variable affecting the level of depression. Based on the study outcome, further research suggestions can be made as such that repeated studies are needed in order to delineate the various factors affecting family support and depression, and a study involving family support implementation program is required as a nursing intervention for the development of emotional security among adolescents, perceived family support, depression, adolescence.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2011

The heating, ventilating, air conditioning (HVAC) system is a very important part of an automotive vehicle: it controls the microclimate inside the passenger's compartment and removes the frost or mist that is produced in cold/rainy weather. In this study, the numerical analysis of the defrost duct in an HVAC system and the de-icing pattern is carried out using commercial CFX-code. The mass flow distribution and flow structure at the outlet of the defrost duct satisfied the duct design specification. For analyzing the de-icing pattern, additional grid generation of solid domain of ice and glass is pre-defined for conductive heat transfer. The flow structure near the windshield, streakline, and temperature fields clearly indicate that the de-icing capacity of the given defrost duct configuration is excellent and that it can be operated in a stable manner. In this paper, the unsteady changes in temperature, water volume fraction, and static enthalpy at four monitoring points are discussed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.210-216
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth of various foliage plants affected by the nutrient solution strength. Ficus benjamina, Hedera helix, Philodendron tatei, Rhapis excelsa, Spathiphyllum spp. were used in this experiment. The Sonneveld solution was diluted to 0, 1/4, 1/2, and 1 folds and applied through a subirrigation system. Plant height and width, leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of shoots were measured to compare the responses to the different treatments. The required amounts for nutrients were different among the various foliage plants. The growth of Ficus and Philodendron was improved as the nutrient solution strength got higher, but that of Hedera and Spathiphyllum showed the best growth in the lower nutrient solution strength of 1/4 and 1/2 folds. The growth of Rhapis was improved in the nutrient solution strength of 1 fold but the other treatments did not affect on plant growth. N, P, and K were the most important nutrients that had influence on the growth of the foliage plants in this study. There was not an accurate criterion for fertilization and irrigation to each foliage plant. Moreover, the foliage plants grew slowly during the early stage and this period must be shortened for commercial production. Therefore, the experiment was executed to make up these defects. The plants applied with proper strength of Sonneveld solution grew faster and had better quality.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2009

This research was conducted to compare drymatter production and yield pattern between commercial glasshouse (G) and plastic greenhouse (PG) in Korea. In both greenhouses sawing and plating of sweet pepper was 28 August and 27 September, 2007. Destructive measurement and yield of sweet pepper, cv. 'Derby', was obtained from January to May, 2008. Averaged light transmissivity over 20 times observed 65% in G and 51 % in PG. The averaged daily radiation sum of greenhouses during whole growing period was $9.03MJ/m^2/day$ for G and $7.37MJ/m^2/day$ for PG Leaf area index (LAI) in G crop was 36% higher than the crop in PG at the end of experiment (247days after planting: DAP), whereas there was no significantly difference for 212 DAP in both greenhouses. Total dry matter production was $1759.9g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ for G and $1308.5g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ for PG Fruit production observed $14.1kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in G and $7.8kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in PG. There was slightly difference measurement of dry matter distribution of generative or vegetative parts to total dry matter between G and PG.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.411-419
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• 2020

The development of GM crops has gained significant economic importance, and the number of countries cultivating commercial GM crops has continuously increased since the 1960s. Globally, the area given to cultivating GM soybean, maize, cotton, and canola alone had reached 114 million hectares by 2007. Although the economic importance of cultivating and commercializing GM crops has increased, there is still a need to assess their agricultural traits in comparison to non-GM produce. This study evaluated the agricultural traits of GM rice containing the drought-tolerant gene CaMsrB2 and standard rice to investigate any unintended effects of genetic engineering. The GM and non-GM rice were compared in terms of various agricultural traits in a drought greenhouse and an irrigated paddy field. There was no statistical difference in the field-grown crops, but there was a statistically significant difference in both tiller number and yield in the greenhouse. These results therefore suggest that GM rice lines containing the CaMsrB2 gene are superior in performance to non-GM rice in drought stress conditions and could be grown in drought-prone areas where drought intolerant rice may not be able to grow.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1464-1469
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• 2006

The present study was conducted with twenty-four Korean native (Hanwoo) steers to observe the effect of mixed oil and monensin supplementation and duration of feeding on c9,t11-CLA content in plasma and fat tissues. The steers were randomly assigned to three groups of eight animals each according to body weight. Hanwoo steers in the control group were fed the commercial concentrate for the late fattening stage. The other groups of steers were fed the same diet as control steers, but the concentrate was supplemented with high-$C_{18:2}$ oil mixture (soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil) and fish oil at 6% level of concentrate (DM basis), and monensin (20 ppm). The second and third group of steers was fed the oil mixture supplemented diet with monensin for the last 10 weeks and 20 weeks, respectively, prior to being slaughtered. The oil mixture consisted of 45% soybean oil, 20% sunflower oil, 20% safflower oil and 15% fish oil. Average daily gain (p<0.049) and feed efficiency (p<0.018) of the steers fed the diet supplemented with oil mixture and monensin (OM-M) for 20 weeks were higher than those of the other groups of steers. Dressing percent, fat thickness and longissimus muscle area were not affected by the OM-M supplementation and duration of its feeding. The OM-M supplementation increased the content of total-cholesterol (p<0.0001-0.0007) and HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001) in the plasma of steers compared to the control diet. The steers fed the OM-M diet had a higher proportion of c9,t11-CLA in plasma (p<0.048-0.044) than the control steers. Feeding the OM-M diet for 20 weeks increased the proportion of CLA in intramuscular (p<0.015), intermuscular (p<0.039) and subcutaneous (p<0.001) fat tissues compared with both steers fed the control diet and the OM-M diet for 10 weeks. Increased (p<0.007) proportion of total unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed the OM-M diet for 20 weeks compared to those in control steers was related to the increased (p<0.001) $C_{18:2}$ and decreased (p<0.001) $C_{18:0}$ proportions in subcutaneous tissue.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.267-273
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• 2012

The short-range communication module was developed in this paper which is suitable for the point-to-multipoint circumstances of 40 terminals communicating frequently in about 50 meters. The media access control layer of this communication module using asynchronous time-division multiplexing provides a fast and robust performance even in the worst case of simultaneous transmission events, and low packet error rate was measured a in LOS (Line-of-sight) circumstance by adding the function of acknowledge response to media access control layer. The difference test was carried out in order to measure the performance of point-to-multipoint communication. Two communication modules are respectively measured and graphed in 10 branches to 40 branches. The communication module developed in this paper showed a faster performance than the commercial Zigbee module in the specific case presented in this paper. Especially, in over 20 branches showed wide differences of the transmission speed. This results is caused by more network overhead of Zigbee whose wider applications needs the network layer and applicaiton layer besides media access control layer. Also, the asynchronous time-division multiplexing proposed in this paper are more suitable than CSMA-CA of Zigbee module when a lot of module ought to be frequently communicated in small area.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 2015

The thallium-doped sodium iodide [NaI(Tl)] scintillation detector is preferred as a gamma spectrometer in many fields because of its general advantages. A silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) has recently been developed and its application area has been expanded as an alternative to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). It has merits such as a low operating voltage, compact size, cheap production cost, and magnetic resonance compatibility. In this study, an array of SiPMs is used to develop an NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometer. To maintain detection efficiency, a commercial NaI(Tl) $2^{\prime}{\times}2^{\prime}$ scintillator is used, and a light guide is used for the transport and collection of generated photons from the scintillator to the SiPMs without loss. The test light guides were fabricated with polymethyl methacrylate and reflective materials. The gamma spectrometer systems were set up and included light guides. Through a series of measurements, the characteristics of the light guides and the proposed gamma spectrometer were evaluated. Simulation of the light collection was accomplished using the DETECT 97 code (A. Levin, E. Hoskinson, and C. Moison, University of Michigan, USA) to analyze the measurement results. The system, which included SiPMs and the light guide, achieved 14.11% full width at half maximum energy resolution at 662 keV.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2004

'Hongro' is one of the most important apple cultivars whose growing area is increasing because of its good quality. Recently fruit shrinking symptom causing decrease of fruit size, juice, and quality, appears in some commercial 'Hongro' orchards. The average frequency of occurrence of fruit shrinking symptom was 12 % of total trees investigated and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) was detected from all the trees showing fruit shrinking symptom by ELISA. A typical virus infection symptom of leaf epinasty and stem necrosis appeared on woody indicators, Spy227 and Virginia crab grafted with infected trees and all the grafted trees showed positive reaction to ACLSV antiserum by ELISA. It was proved that ACLSV can be easily transmitted by grafting. ACLSV was also isolated from the leaves of C. quinoa inoculated with sprouting leaf sap of infected trees. To prove that the fruit shrinking symptom was caused by ACLSV infection, ACLSV-infected scion was grafted on virus-free 'Hongro/M9' and the fruit characteristics were investigated. Consequently the same symptoms of fruit size and juice decreasing were observed from the trees grafted with ACLSV-infected scion. Therefore, it is suggested that the fruit shrinking symptom is caused by ACLSV infection and 'Hongro' can be classified as sensitive cultivar to ACLSV.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.7-17
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of Special Transportation Management Zone system (TZ) when it is applied to Dongdaemoon commercial zone located in downtown Seoul. The study consists of two Parts ; the legal components of TZ and the case study on Dongdaemoon district. The case study includes the analysis of current traffic situation on the study zone, the design of implemention alternative for each component of TZ, the framework of impact analysis system, and the analysis results. The study finds, if 2,000 won mandatory parking fee on drivers parking in the buildings only with over 10 parking spaces and over 3.000$m^2$ in floor area, strong illegal parking enforcement, and Pro-hibition of parking passenger cars whose last digit plate number matches with the last digit of date, are implemented in the zone simultaneously, the traffic speed increases to 20.56km/h which is above the target set in the zone. In conclusion, we find that TZ2 can be an effective tool relieving traffic congestion in Seoul, and that it is necessary for introducing TZ in Seoul that relevant laws should be revised and expecting problems should be overcome.