• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.593-606
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• 2008

In this study, data on radionuclide migration and retardation processes in the engineered and natural barriers of High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) repository have been reviewed and compiled for use in the performance assessment of a HLW disposal system in Korea. The status of the database on radionuclide migration and retardation that is being developed in Korea is investigated and summarized in this study. The solubilities of major actinides such as D, Th, Am, Np, and Pu both in Korean bentonite porewater and in deep Korean groundwater are calculated by using the geochemical code PHREEQC (Ver. 2.0) based on the KAERI-TDB(Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute-Thermochemical Database), which is under development. Databases for the diffusion coefficients ($D^b_e$ values) and distribution coefficients ($K^b_d$ values) of some radionuclides in the compacted Korean Ca-bentonite are developed based upon domestic experimental results. Databases for the rock matrix diffusion coefficients ($D^r_e$ values) and distribution coefficients ($K^r_d$ values) of some radionuclides for Korean granite rock and deep groundwater are also developed based upon domestic experimental results. Finally, data related to colloids such as the characteristics of natural groundwater colloids and the pseudo-colloid formation constants ($K_{pc}$ values) are provided for the consideration of colloid effects in the performance assessment.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.647-659
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• 2008

콜로이드는 거시적으로 균일한 성질을 갖는 입자분산계이다. 콜로이드 입자는 다양한 입자분산계의 모델로서 많은 기초연구가 이루어져 왔을 뿐만 아니라, 산업적으로 다양하게 응용이 되었다. 최근에는 나노-바이오 관련 연구에 적용되어 새롭게 각광을 받고 있는 나노 소재중 하나이다. 본 총설에서는 입자 분산계의 정의 및 분류에 대해 간략히 기술하고, 나노-바이오 응용을 위한 표면 성질 및 표면 개질방법에 대해 다룰 것이다. 또한, 기존의 구형의 입자분산계에서 더 나아가, 모양과 크기가 제어된 입자 분산계의 합성에 관한 최근 결과를 소개하였다. 마지막으로, 콜로이드 입자의 나노-바이오 응용분야로서, 금속 콜로이드 잉크와, 3차원 콜로이드 결정을 활용한 나노-바이오 센서, 및 2차원 콜로이드 구조를 이용한 패턴제작과 응용 연구에 대해 살펴보았다.

• 청정기술
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2012

최근 콜로이드 산업에서 기능성 입자의 수요가 증가함에 따라 입자의 제조방법은 상당한 발전을 이루었다. 이러한 발전은 동적/정적 미세유체 시스템을 도입함으로써 이루어졌으며 입자의 크기, 형태, 다공성, 표면의 거칠기 또는 기능성 등 물리적, 화학적인 형상제어를 가능하게 해주었다. 이러한 형상제어를 통하여 만들어진 기능성 입자는 의료진단, 광소자, 바이오산업으로 응용될 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 기능성 콜로이드 입자의 자가조립을 유도함으로써 규칙적인 정렬부터 불규칙적인 새로운 형태의 기능성을 갖는 물질을 얻을 수 있고, 자연계에서 일어나는 현상을 모사함으로써 본질적인 연구도 가능하게 해주었다. 그리하여 본 총설에서는 최근 각광받고 있는 기능성 콜로이드 입자의 제조방법에 대해 설명하고 이의 응용 가능성을 소개하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.500-505
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• 2004

The present study was to investigate the purification of a fermentation broth by an electromicrofiltration membrane. Microfiltration runs with a crude and a centrifuged broth, with solution of particles recovered from centrifugation and with permeates from microfiltration experiments were thus compared. Microfiltration performances were governed by colloids and small particles that induced sharp initial flux declines. For these results, the evolution of the overall membrane resistance was increased by $80\%$ in comparison with the electromicrofiltration membrane. The main focus of this study was set on the enhancement of the filtrate flux by an electric field. This pressure electrofiltration leads to a drastic improvement of the filtration by $100\%$ and the filtration time was thereby reduced. Pressure electrofiltration serves as an inter­esting alternative to the cross-flow filtration and it effectively separates advantageous constitu­ents such as amino acids and biopolymers from a fermentation broth. They were equally main­tained during the microelectrofiltration, although they were significantly reduced by $45\%$ by the microfiltration without the application of an electric field. Accordingly, since the electrofiltration membrane was provided more permeability, this study experimentally demonstrates that the permeability inside a membrane can be controlled using an electric field.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.560-563
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• 2008

A modified polyol process is developed to enhance Pt loading during the preparation of Pt/C catalysts. With the help of the zeta potential, the effect of pH on the electrostatic forces between the support and the Pt colloid is investigated. It is shown experimentally that the surface charge on the carbon support becomes more electropositive when the solution pH is changed from alkaline to acidic. However, this change does not affect the electronegative surface charge of Pt colloids already attained and stabilized by glycolate anions. This new behavior caused by the change in the solution pH accounts for the enhanced yield of the process and does not affect the Pt particle size. All our experimental results reveal that this simple modification is a cost effective method for the synthesis of highly Pt loaded Pt/C catalysts for fuel cells.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.763-769
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• 1995

As a mean to recover photosynthetic bacterial(PSB) cells and its practical uses in food industrial wastewater treatment, various biodegradable polyelectrolytes were first investigated for flocculation of suspended colloids in the PSB treatment process of soybean curd wastewater. Anionic polyelectrolytes such as sodium alginate and carrageenan were not effective but a cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan isolated from Portunus trituberclatus showed very effective flocculation activity. The concentration of chitosan, pH and temperature of wastewater for maximal flocculation were 40 mg/l, pH 7 and room temperature, respectively. Test using deacetylated chitosan to various degree showed higher flocculating activities in samples deacetylated over 75% and time for maximum flocculation was 40 min by stirring slowly under the above optimal conditions. Chitosan was not only effective to flocculate cells but also removed COD and MLSS of the wastewater. COD of 42% and MLSS of 87% were removed by addition of chitosan to the soybean curd wastewater treated with PSB.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2011

Herein, macroporous carbon materials were readily prepared by carbonization of cured body of resorcinol and formaldehyde using poly(methyl methacrylate) colloid microspheres which were employed as the template in the gelation of resorcinol with formaldehyde. The gel in the water was solvent exchanged with methanol and the wet gel was dried. After carbonization of the template-gel composite at $800^{\circ}C$, it was found that pores were left corresponding to the size of the template, yielding carbon materials with a fine porous structure with enlarged surface area and significant porosity. Properties of the carbon foams including the structure, morphology, thermal stability, and porosity were investigated. Finally, it was concluded that the method using polymer colloids as the template provided a facile route to prepare carbon foams.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.2575-2580
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• 2010

We present a method for chemically reducing silver alkylcarbamate complex with hydrazine to synthesize silver nanocolloids in an organic solvent using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the stabilizer. To determine the optimal conditions for preparing stable silver colloids of controlled size and shape, the silver 2-ethylhexylcarbamate (Ag-EHCB) complex, PVP, hydrazine, and 2-propanol solvent concentrations in the reaction mixture were varied. The initial colloid has a mean particle diameter of 5-80 nm, and it exhibits an absorption band with various shapes in the UV region with a maximum near 420 nm. UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to investigate the formation and growth process of the metallic silver nanocolloids.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.925-927
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• 1974

It has been said that thyroid gland controls the function of salivary gland and vice versa. In an attempt to investigate the role of submaxillary gland on the function of thyroid gland, the authors have observed the changes of thyroid gland histologically and histochemically at 70 days after removal of submaxillary gland in rats. The results are as follows: 1. There are no significant changes of thyroid cells after submaxillary gland removal. 2. The colloidal concentration of thyroid follicles is markedly decreased after submaxillary gland removal. 3. The colloids of thyroid follicles show intensive reaction to PAS staining in intact rats, but moderate or minimal reaction in submaxillary removal rats.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

Tricrecyl phosphate(TCP)-containing polyurea microcapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization using aromatic 2,4-toluene diisocyanate(TDI) and ethylenediamine(EDA) as wall forming materials. The effects of the protective colloids of polyvinylalcohol(PVA) and gelatin were investigated through experimentation. The mean size of prepared polyurea microcapsules was smaller and the surface morphology of the microcapsule prepared by the PVA as protective colloid was much smoother than the gelatin. As the concentration of protective colloid increased, the wall membrane of the polyurea microcapsules became more stable, the thermal stability of the wall membrane increased, the mean particle size became smaller, and the particle distribution was more uniform. PET containg microTCPs have a higher activation energy of decomposition, higher char content and lower heat of combustion.