• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.318-328
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• 2010

This paper as basic work on the regional economic policy of Korean government considers economic conditions and fundamentals of the cold started 5+2 mega-regional economic zones and makes a comparative study of regional economic power of national mega-regional economic zones based on the established economic indicator. Therefore, this study aims to consider henceforward policy direction of the mega-regional economic zone and the validity of the regional economic policy, which promote autonomous mega-regional economic zone in dimension to secure the global competitiveness. According to the comparison result of regional economic power index, the capital area had absolute superiority, while Gangwon, Honam and Jeju areas were relatively weak. Since the given regional conditions are dissimilar, the government must consider regional characteristics and economic fundamentals carefully, as they push henceforth regional development policy for the mega-regional economic zone. What is more, the government should promote a balance of the regional development, through to maintain demand-based policy and demand-pull policy flexibly, which are based on demand analysis, as well as unequal quota budget and policy for regions, which are relatively falling behind in terms of development and income.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

This study tries to evaluate the usefulness CSI treatment. Compare the standard technique and simple technique, using the volume region of a high dose of Field joints (hot spot) or low dose regions (cold Spot). In patients who agreed to this study, obtain CT image using CT simulator skull to pelvis region. Standard Technique were performed on the movement of the joint radiation field range and simple technique has set a treatment plan to secure the radiation field range and analyzed treatment planning. Under analysis standard technique occurred the area of the high dose(Hot Spot) for the area overlapping the field and simple technique showing a uniform doses. CI indices of standard technique and simple technique was 1.6~3, 1.6~1.87, CN indices was 0.32~0.53, 0.46~0.51 and HI indices was 0.11~0.33, 0.2~0.26. Therefore, adjacent to part of the dose distribution junction more equally than simple technique compared to the Standard Technique. Compare the dose distribution patterns using CI, CN, HI indices, showed a uniform dose distribution in the simple technique. so, simple technique was determined appropriate treatment the CSI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.254-264
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• 1990

Using the meteorological data, surface weather map, and oceanographic data for 5 years(1984-1988). I investigated the characteristics of the fog occurrence and the role of the inshore in Pusan about the fog occurrence. And the meteorological data and sea surface temperature(SST), which were observed in July, 1989 in Suyoung Bay, were compared with those in Pusan. The fogs in Pusan concentrate in May, June and July. And at fog occurrence time the principal wind directions are Southwest(SW) winds, which easily supply with water vapor, and a series of Northeast(NE) wind. At the fog days pressure patterns are pattern 7 in spring time (March, April, and May) and pattern 10 and pattern 13 in summer time (June, July, and August). Also the advection fog(sea fog) is closely related with the relationship between warm and cold advection in 850~700mb and cold and warm SST rather than the increase of the instability of atmosphere in 850~500mb. The fogs in Taegu, which is the inland region, mainly occur at dawn in fall time due to the strong night radiation fog. On the other hand in Pusan the coastal region, the fogs occur from late spring time to summer time (May, June, and July). Because there is the abundant supply of the water vapor from the ocean owing to a series of South(S) wind at this time. Then the atmosphere, which has high relative humidity, reaches easily the supersaturation by the radiation cooling. In Suyoung Bay and Pusan the meteorological observation data, SST and fog days are almost similar. And I think that the mechanism of the fog occurrence nearly accords with both regions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.529-536
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• 2018

Objective: Fresh sugarcane has been a new roughage source for ruminant's in semiarid regions, a function of the decline of sugar and alcohol industry in recent years. However, there is little data published regarding lambs fed sugarcane associated with spineless cactus. This study evaluated the effect of sugarcane replacement with spineless cactus (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) in the diet of Santa $In\hat{e}s$ lambs on carcass characteristics. Methods: Thirty-six non-castrated Santa Ines lambs at four months of age and an initial body weight of $22{\pm}2.3kg$ were assigned in a randomized block design and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. The effects of spineless cactus as a replacement for sugarcane in the diet of the lambs on the carcass characteristics, commercial cut weight and yield, leg tissue composition, and carcass measurements were studied. Results: The study revealed quadratic behavior in slaughter body weight, and hot and cold carcass weight, with maximum values of 38.60, 18.60, and 18.11 kg and replacement levels of 40.18%, 44.42%, and 43.14%, respectively. The cold carcass yield presented an increasing linear behavior. The compactness index of carcass and leg presented a quadratic effect, with estimated maximal values of 0.28 and 0.57 kg/cm and replacement levels of 43.37% and 45.5%, respectively. The weights of commercial cuts of leg, loin, shoulder, and breast showed quadratic behavior, with maximum values of 2.79, 0.852, 1.46, and 1.30 kg and replacement levels of 49.5, 45.32, 39.0, and 40.7, respectively. For tissue composition, quadratic behavior was verified for leg weight, subcutaneous fat, and total fat. Conclusion: The replacement of sugarcane by spineless cactus at level 44% is recommended for finishing lambs considering that this level improved most of the carcass characteristics, weights, and yields of commercial cuts and leg tissue composition.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2006

This survey was carried out to investigate the characteristics of low temperature injury in rice plants at a southwestern alpine area of Korea in 2003. During vegetative, reproductive, and ripening stage in a southwestern alpine area, mean air temperature was lower by 0.4, 3.1 and $1.7^{\circ}C$, respectively, as compared to those of a normal year, Minimum air temperature during the reproductive and ripening stage was lower by 2.6 and $1.7^{\circ}C$, respectively, as compared to those of a normal year, Sunshine hours during vegetative, reproductive, and ripening stage were lower by 40.6, 81.3 and 8.4 hours, respectively, than those of a normal year. Spikelet-sterility type cold injury occurred from the latter part of June to the middle of July, which is from panicle formation stage to meiosis stage, at temperatures less than $17^{\circ}C$. Spikelet sterility under normal transplanting (May 20) ranged from 16 to 58%, which was lower than that under early transplanting in the latter part of April (29 to 83%). The total area impacted by cold damage was 2,723ha in Namwon, 510ha in Sunchang, 300ha in Jinan, 250ha in Muju, and 210ha in Jangsu. Average spiklet sterility in these regions was 44%. Rice cultivars Odaebyeo, Unbongbyeo, and Jinbubyeo showed greater tolerance to low temperature than CV, Chugwangbyeo.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 2009

'Punghan' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2008. It was derived from a cross between 'Beltsville 61-150 (IT133501)' and $F_1$ between 'Sikyonggwiri' and 'PA202-210'. A oat cultivar from USA, 'Beltsville 61-150', has a high cold tolerance, while the $F_1$ between 'Sikyonggwiri' and 'PA202-210' has early heading and high yielding with large-size grain. Subsequent enerations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A line, 'SO99013-B-YB-31', was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics and designated as a line name of 'Gwiri 60'. The line 'Gwiri 60' was subsequently evaluated for winter hardiness, earliness, and forage yield in five locations, Yesan, Cheongwon, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2006 to 2008 and finally named as 'Punghan'. Over 3 years, the average forage dry matter yield of 'Punghan' harvested at milk-ripe stage was $14.5\;ton\;ha^{-1}$, compared with $13.6\;ton\;ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar 'Samhan'. 'Punghan' is about 2 days earlier in heading date than check cultivar. 'Punghan' is adapted primarily for winter planting use in the mid-southern regions of Korean peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2018

Oil sands, which are largely distributed in Canada and Venezuela, are a mixture of crude oil and sandy soils. In order to extract crude oil from oil sands, construction of massive oil sand plants is required. Generally, the typically-used foundation types of the oil sand plant are driven piles and cast-in-place piles. Most of the oil sand plants are located in cold and remote regions. Installation of driven piles in frozen or organic surface soils is difficult due to high resistance and installation equipment accessability, while the cast-in-place pile has concrete curing problem due to cold temperature. Helical pile can be installed quickly and easily using rotation with a little help of vertical load. As the installation of helical pile is available using a small and light-weight installation equipment, accessibility of installation equipment is improved. The helical pile has an advantage of easy removal by rotation in reverse direction compared with that of installation. Furthermore, reuse of removed helical piles is possible when the piles are structurally safe. In this study, the behavior of helical piles varying helix pitch was analyzed based on the numerical analysis results. Numerical model was calibrated based on the results of model helical pile tests in laboratory. The ultimate helical pile loads, the displacement of each helix attached to the shaft of the helical pile, and the load sharing ratio of each helix were analyzed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.12
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• pp.632-641
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• 2021

Background: Over the past few decades, various goals have been defined to reduce the mortality of children caused by acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) worldwide. However, few spatial studies to date have reported on ALRI deaths. Purpose: We aimed to assess the spatial modeling of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years of age during 2000-2017 using a global data. Methods: The data on the mortality of children under 5 years old caused by ALRI were initially obtained from the official website of the World Health Organization. The income status of their home countries was also gathered from the Country Income Groups (World Bank Classification) website and divided into 5 categories. After that, in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment, a database was created and the statistical tests and related maps were extracted. The Global Moran's I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and geographically weighted regression were used for the analyses. In this study, higher z scores indicated the hot spots, while lower z scores indicated the cold spots. Results: In 2000-2017, child mortality showed a downward trend from 17.6 per 100,000 children to 8.1 and had a clustered pattern. Hot spots were concentrated in Asia in 2000 but shifted toward African countries by 2017. A cold spot that formed in Europe in 2007 showed an ascending trend by 2017. Based on the results of geographically weighted regression test, the regions identified as the hot spots of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years old were among the middle-income countries (R²=0.01, adjusted R²=8.77). Conclusion: While the total number of child deaths in 2000-2017 has decreased, the number of hot spots has increased among countries. This study also concluded that, during the study period, Central and Western Africa countries became the main new hot spots of deaths from ALRI.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2024

Recently, development of non-traditional energy such as oil sands has been actively conducted in the cold region such as Canada. Frozen soil has different thermal and mechanical characteristics from general soil due to its high organic contents. This study evaluated the impact of organic matter content on the thermal and mechanical behavior of frozen soil samples collected from Alberta, Canada, and Gangwon Province, South Korea. As the organic content increases, the maximum dry unit weight decreases and the optimum moisture content increases in compaction tests. In uniaxial compression tests under frozen conditions, the strength of the frozen specimens increased as the temperature decreased. The strength of Canada soil sample increased with higher organic matter content at low temperatures. However, the strength of frozen soil was not significantly affected by organic matter content due to the complex behavior and unfrozen water content. Thermal conductivity tests showed higher thermal conductivity in frozen conditions compared to unfrozen conditions, due to the higher thermal conductivity of ice compared to water. These findings provide essential data for geotechnical design and construction in large-scale projects such as oil sands development in cold regions. Further research is needed to explore the impact of organic matter content on different types of frozen soils.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.1011-1014
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• 2006

Coarse resolution (9 - 50 km pixels) Sea Surface Temperature satellite data are frequently considered adequate for open ocean research. However, coastal regions, including coral reef, estuarine and mesoscale upwelling regions require high-resolution (1-km pixel) SST data. The AVHRR SST data often suffer from navigation errors of several kilometres and still require manual navigation adjustments. The second serious problem is faulty and ineffective cloud-detection algorithms used operationally; many of these are based on radiance thresholds and moving window tests. With these methods, increasing sensitivity leads to masking of valid pixels. These errors lead to significant cold pixel biases and hamper image compositing, anomaly detection, and time-series analysis. Here, after manual navigation of over 40,000 AVHRR images, we implemented a new cloud filter that differs from other published methods. The filter first compares a pixel value with a climatological value built from the historical database, and then tests it against a time-based median value derived for that pixel from all satellite passes collected within ${\pm}3$ days. If the difference is larger than a predefined threshold, the pixel is flagged as cloud. We tested the method and compared to in situ SST from several shallow water buoys in the Florida Keys. Cloud statistics from all satellite sensors (AVHRR, MODIS) shows that a climatology filter with a $4^{\circ}C$ threshold and a median filter threshold of $2^{\circ}C$ are effective and accurate to filter clouds without masking good data. RMS difference between concurrent in situ and satellite SST data for the shallow waters (< 10 m bottom depth) is < $1^{\circ}C$, with only a small bias. The filter has been applied to the entire series of high-resolution SST data since1993 (including MODIS SST data since 2003), and a climatology is constructed to serve as the baseline to detect anomaly events.