• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.229-243
• /
• 2020

This study selected a total of 19 studies using databases of PubMed, SAGE Journal, and Wiley Online Library from 2000 to 2019 to find out about vocational rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia in the area of overseas occupational therapy. First, the quality level of the study was all Level I. Second, the diagnosis for participants of the studies other than schizophrenia had the most schizoaffective disorder. Third, by types of interventions, 11 papers, the largest, were about social skills and cognitive rehabilitation training plus supported employment, followed by 4 about supported employment and 3 about social skills and cognitive rehabilitation training, 1 about other vocational approaches. Regarding studies showing effects in the employment rate by interventions type following three types of employment, as the most effective of studies, they were social skills and cognitive rehabilitation training plus support employment in competitive employment, social skills and cognitive rehabilitation training in non-competitive employment, and support employment in paid employment. Fifth, looking at the studies trend in the last 5 years, the most studies were social skills and cognitive rehabilitation training plus supported employment. Since this study classified the types and effects of vocational rehabilitation for patients with schizophrenia based on previous overseas studies, it is hoped that this study will be provided as basic data for understanding vocational rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients and applying them in domestic clinical settings.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.107-125
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of gender and exercise participation types on depression and cognitive function in the elderly. The data of 10,059 elderly individuals who participated in survey on the welfare and living conditions of elderly individuals in 2017 were utilized for this study. The SGDS and the MMES-DS were used to measure their level of depression and level of cognitive function. The data were analyzed using the frequency analysis, the reliability analysis, and the two-way ANOVA. The results are as follows: first, the main effects of gender and exercise participation on depression are statistically significant. However, the interaction effect between gender and exercise participation is not significant. Second, the main effect of gender on depression is statistically significant. However, the main effect of exercise frequency on depression and interaction effect between gender and exercise frequency are not significant. Third, the main effects of gender and exercise hours on depression are statistically significant. However, the interaction effect between gender and exercise hours is not significant. Fourth, the main effects of gender and exercise participation on cognitive function are statistically significant. Additionally, the interaction effect between gender and exercise participation is significant. Fifth, the main effects of gender and exercise frequency on cognitive function are statistically significant. However, the interaction effect between gender and exercise frequency is not significant. Lastly, the main effects of gender and exercise hours on cognitive function are statistically significant. Moreover, the interaction effect between gender and exercise hours is significant. In conclusion, participating in exercise has shown to be beneficial for decreasing the level of depression and increasing level of cognitive function in elderly of both genders. An additional discovery made through this research is that women's level of cognitive function improves larger than men's when they participate in exercise.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.367-381
• /
• 2011

It is important to concern about individual difference on every subject and every class. How can we know the individual difference? It is helpful for that to find out students' math learning style and learning type. In this paper, I conducted a survey to look for math learning style and math learning type of 4th, 5th and 6th grade students, and analyzed those data. The research findings are summarized as follows; First, 4th, 5th and 6th grade students prefer the visual learning style to the verbal style, and they have more wholistic tendency than analytical tendency in the domain of the cognitive learning style. Second, they prefer the authoritative and goal-oriented learning style to the practical and recreational learning style, and they have more interior-oriented than exterior-oriented in the domain of affective learning style. Third, the representative math learning type of 4th, 5th and 6th grade students is visual/holistic/authoritative and goal-oriented/interior-oriented. The math learning styles of students have a lot of influence on their learning, so that an appropriate teaching method for each student could arouse a maximum effect in the math study.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2017

As the use of digital media is becoming more universal and is being used in early-childhood education, understanding the effects of digital media on development is required. The purpose of this study was to examine whether child performance on a spatial cognition task depends on the type of media used to present the task and if the effect of media type is different depending on child's age and sex. To do this, a spatial cognition task set (consisting of direction, rotation, symmetry, conjugation, and part/whole tasks) was prepared, and these tasks were presented to 60 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children using paper- and tablet-based measures. Our results showed that the correct answer rate of task performance differed significantly when completing the task on a tablet than when completing the task on paper. Generally, response times when completing the tasks on a tablet was significantly shorter than when completing the tasks on paper. Although there was no interaction between the type of media and age, and partial interaction was found between the type of media and sex. This result implies an influence of digital stimulation on child performance on the spatial cognitive task. This study provides a basic understanding for follow-up studies to examine the consequences of exposure to digital stimulation.

• Architectural research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2022

As the occurrence of a crime is dependent on different factors, their correlations are beyond the ordinary cognitive range. Owing to this limitation, systems face difficulty in correlating various factors, thereby requiring the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to overcome such limitations. Therefore, AI has become indispensable for crime prediction. Crimes can cause severe and irrevocable damage to a society. Recently, big data has been introduced for developing highly accurate models for crime prediction. Prediction of night crimes should be given significant consideration, because crimes primarily occur during nights, when the spatiotemporal characteristics become vulnerable to crimes. Many environmental factors that influence crime rate are applied for crime prediction, and their influence on crime rate may differ based on temporal characteristics and the nature of crime. This study aims to identify the environmental factors that influence sex and theft crimes occurring at night and proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict sex and theft crimes at night in random areas. The crime data of A district in Seoul for 12 years (2004-2015) was used, and environmental factors that influence sex and theft crimes were derived through multiple regression analysis. Two types of crime prediction models were developed: Type A using all environmental factors as input data; Type B with only the significant factors (obtained from regression analysis) as input data. The Type B model exhibited a greater accuracy than Type A, by 3.26 and 9.47 % higher for theft and sex crimes, respectively.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.195-201
• /
• 2000

To find out media's function on the various effects in communication, this paper reviews studies that utilize multimedia as a device for conveying information. We discuss multimedia as an integrated symbol system with advantages and also problems in representing information. The cognitive dissimilarity of media could be explained by various attributes of medium that are about physical characteristics and even cognitive actions. With advantages from integrated media and interactivity, multimedia has negative results such as cognitive overload and in that reason systematic approach is needed. This paper shows the factors on media selection and relationship to interface components. To select appropriate media to the needs and situation, it should be considered the user's ${\circled1}$background ${\circled2}$knowledge / frequency of use / expertise, contents ${\circled1}$task nature ${\circled2}$type of knowledge and media ${\circled1}$representation format ${\circled2}$interaction techniques. Varying the media factors and varying the expression factors offers concrete design features.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to understand the internal and external responses that consumers experience when they are exposed to an innovative system in retail stores. This study considered the SST(Self-Service Technology) system in a retail setting as a type of functional environmental stimuli and selected a smart shopping cart as an example of SST system. The influences of functional environmental stimuli on consumers' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses were examined by applying S-O-R model. In addition, this study attempted to extend the traditional S-O-R model by (a) incorporating personal characteristics variables such as time pressure and perceived crowding and (b) considering not only emotional but also cognitive aspects of consumers' internal responses. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study used a video-scenario technique. Participants watched a video about grocery shopping situations using a smart shopping cart and responded to their emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses. An online survey was conducted using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 185). All participants were US consumers over 20 years old and had been shopping at the grocery store in the last month. Data were analyzed through structural equations modeling with AMOS 20. Results: Test results showed that consumers who perceived higher levels of time pressure and perceived crowding in usual shopping situations were more likely to evaluate the SST system favorably. The results showed that personal characteristics have a significant impact on consumers' evaluation of functional environmental stimuli in retail setting. As consumers evaluated the SST system favorably, they experienced more positive affect and less negative affect during their shopping behaviors. Positive affect led to good service quality inference, which further increased patronize intention. However, negative affect did not show a significant impact on service quality inference, but only on patronize intention. Conclusions: This study attempted to investigate the influence of SST system by extending the traditional S-O-R model. This study classified the SST system as functional environmental stimulus of retail stores and analyzed the effect of stimulus on consumers' internal and external responses. The results of this study showed that the introduction of innovative SST can serve as an effective store differentiation strategy in an increasingly competitive retail environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 1983

The purposes of this study were to(a) develop theoretical modifications of the extended gate control theory of pain using Fishbein's model and（b) test the efficacy of these modifications. Attitude, social subjective norm, personal subjective norm, habit and state anxiety were operationalized to represent internal stimuli for the cognitive-evaluative and motivational-affective dimensions of the theory. Pain expression was operationalized as sensory and affective responses to pain, and pain endurance. Sixty-two female nurses from 20 to 50 years of age participated. A semantic differential scale measured attitude and motivations to comply; a Likerty-type scale measured personal and social norms and habit. Spielberger's STAI measured state anxiety, Pain was produced using a modified submaximum effort tourniquet technique. Pair expression was measured using ratio scales of sensory intensity and unpleasantness developed by Gracely and his associates. Pain endurance was measured by subtracting time of pain threshold from pain tolerance. The first hypothesis examining whether pain endurance would be more significantly related to the affective response than to the sensory response was net rejected. Four remaining hypotheses, testing the ability of the five variables to predict the sensory and affective responses were not rejected. However, the habit of pain expression and the attitude toward pain expression contributed to the prediction of both sensory and affective responses to pain. The interaction between the cognitive-evaluative and the sensory-discriminative dimensions and the interaction between the cognitive-evaluative and motivational-affective dimensions were partially supported by the data from these two variables. The interaction between the motivational-affective and the sensory-discriminative dimensions was also supported by the relationship of sensory to affective responses. The variables which did not significantly predict pain expression appeared to have potential for prediction. Revision and testing of the tools for better reliability, validity, and clinical usuability are needed. The study contributed to theory building. The identification of variables which pre-dict pain behavior must occur before effective nursing interventions can be developed.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.301-321
• /
• 2013

For the task of sentence ordering, this paper attempts to utilize the Entity-Grid model, a type of entity-based modeling approach, as well as Latent Semantic analysis, which is based on vector space modeling, The task is well known as one of the fundamental tools used to measure text coherence and to enhance text generation processes. For the implementation of the Entity-Grid model, we attempt to use the syntactic roles of the nouns in the Korean text for the ordering task, and measure its impact on the result, since its contribution has been discussed in previous research. Contrary to the case of German, it shows a positive result. In order to obtain the information on the syntactic roles, we use a strategy of using Korean case-markers for the nouns. As a result, it is revealed that the cues can be helpful to measure text coherence. In addition, we compare the results with the ones of the LSA-based model, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the models, and options for future studies.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2007

The advent of e-Learning paradigm requires a various type of e-Learning models and systems which are appropriate to support effective teaching-learning process. Accordingly, the teaching-learning system using the Internet and the intelligent tutoring system(ITS) in e-Learning environment has attracted a fair amount of critical attention. However there is a wide gap between infrastructure of a present educational site and the u-learning environment. Therefore, in this paper, an ITS teaching-learning model is proposed and system is developed for a school environment, which is based on a learner's cognitive structure and applies a concept of u-Learning, and then is verified for validity. X-Neuronet, the developed system, offers a method of representing a learner's cognitive structure so as to apply the method for the efficient individualized learning.