• Educational Technology International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.199-228
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• 2018

The main purposes of this study were (a) to analyze the research trend of educational use of tangible technology, (b) to identify tangible learning mechanisms, and potential benefits of learning with tangible technology, and (c) to provide references and future research directions. We conducted a systematic literature review to search for academic papers published in recent five years (from 2013 to 2017) in the major databases. Forty papers were coded and analyzed by the established coding framework in four dimensions: (a) basic publication information, (b) learning context, (c) learning mechanism, and (d) learning benefits. Overall, the results show that tangible technology has been used more for young learners in the kindergarten and primary school contexts mainly for science learning, to achieve both cognitive and affective learning outcomes, by coupling tangible objects with tabletops and desktop computers. From the synthesis of the review findings, this study suggests that the affordances of tangible technology useful for learning include embodied interaction, physical manipulations, and the physical-digital representational mapping. With such technical affordances, tangible technologies have the great potential in three particular areas in education: (a) learning spatial relationships, (b) making the invisible visible, and (c) reinforcing abstract concepts through the correspondence of representations. In conclusion, we suggest some areas for future research endeavors.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.23.1-23.20
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• 2020

Sepsis is conceptually defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Although there has been significant advancement in recent decades in defining and understanding sepsis pathology, clinical management of sepsis is challenging due to difficulties in diagnosis, a lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers, and treatment options that are largely limited to antibiotic therapy and fundamental supportive measures. The lack of reliable diagnostic and prognostic tests makes it difficult to triage patients who are in need of more urgent care. Furthermore, while the acute inpatient treatment of sepsis warrants ongoing attention and investigation, efforts must also be directed toward longer term survival and outcomes. Sepsis survivors experience incomplete recovery, with long-term health impairments that may require both cognitive and physical treatment and rehabilitation. This review summarizes recent advances in sepsis prognosis research and discusses progress made in elucidating the underlying causes of prolonged health deficits experienced by patients surviving the early phases of sepsis.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.77-86
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigates the psychological mechanisms of comparison within the design context of retail stores, products, and advertising. The research aims to expand the understanding of comparison psychology, encompassing social, cognitive, perceptual, and self-comparisons and their application in design practices. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: The study employs a comprehensive review of psychological theories related to comparison psychology. They were selected through extensive research on literature pertaining to design psychology and consumer behavior. The research integrates insights from psychology, marketing, consumer behavior, and design theory, supported by various design examples of retail stores, products, and advertising, to demonstrate the practical applications. Results: The findings reveal that comparison psychology significantly impacts consumer preferences and user experiences. For instance, the assimilation effect and prospect theory highlight how comparisons shape value judgments and design perceptions. Practical examples are used to illustrate the profound influence of comparative judgments in design. Conclusion: The study advocates for a "psychologically-informed approach" to design, promoting designs that are not only aesthetically pleasing and functionally sound but also psychologically aligned. By bridging the gap between psychological theories and practical design implementations, the research provides valuable insights for designers, marketers, and psychologists, enhancing the psychological efficacy of design.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.302-308
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• 2006

Purpose: Although several neuroanatomical models of panic disorder have been proposed, little is known regarding the neurological mechanisms underlying cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with panic disorder. This study was performed to identify the brain structures that show changes of regnioal cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after CBT in patients with panic disorder. Materials and Methods: Seven patients who were diagnosed as panic disorder by DSM-IV were treated with CBT for 8 weeks and twelve healthy volunteers joined in this study. Serial $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ brain perfusion SPECT images were acquisited and PDSS-SR (Self-Report version of Panic Disorder Severity Scale) and ACQ (Agoraphobic Cognitive Question) scores were measured just before and after CBT in all patients. Data were analyzed using SPM2. Results: Subjective symptoms were improved, and PDSS-SR and ACQ scores were significantly reduced ($14.9{\pm}3.9\;vs.\;7.0{\pm}1.8$, p<0.05; $30.3{\pm}8.5\;vs.\;21.6{\pm}3.4$, p<0.05, respectively) after CBT in panic patients. Before CBT, a significant increase of rCBF was found in the cingulate gylus, thalamus, midbrain, both medial frontal and temporal lobes of the panic patients compared to the normal volunteers. After CBT, we observed a significant rCBF decrease in the left parahippocamus, right insula and cingulate gyrus, both frontal and temporal lobes, and a significant rCBF increase in both the occipital lobes, left insula, both frontal and left parietal lobes. Conclusion: These data suggested that CBT is effective for panic disorder and diminish the activity of the brain areas associated with fear in panic disorder.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.77-102
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• 2020

Some progress has been made in the study of the category coherence effect, which states that the attributes of soldiers or nuns with similarities in dress and behavior, and easily distinguished from other categories, are likely to be generalized. However, few studies have examined the fundamental psychological mechanisms that underlie this category coherence effect, and this study aims to fill this gap. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted after selecting categories with high coherence (nuns, soldiers, and flight attendants) and those with low coherence (interpreters, wedding planners, and florists). In experiment 1, we observed that the members of a category were presumed to have certain reasons to prefer [property X] (presumption of reasons for preference), with this presumption becoming stronger when [property X] was observed repeatedly in high-coherence categories than in the case of low-coherence categories. Experiment 2 showed that for the high-coherence categories, the presumption of reasons for preference was stronger when [property X], rarely seen in everyday life (base rate of 30%), was observed, while the presumption of reasons for preference was weaker when [property Y] (base rate 70%), frequently seen in everyday life, was observed. In the low-coherence categories, the presumption of reasons for preference tended to be weak for both rare and frequent attributes. That is, there were significant effects of the two-way interaction between category coherence and base rate on the presumption of reasons for preference. This study has implications for psychological essentialism and stereotyping.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

Objectives : Homocysteine has been associated with cognitive impairment and various psychiatric symptoms. This study was designed to examine the relationship exists between plasma homocysteine concentration and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD). Methods : 41 subjects with dementia of Alzheimer's type were included in this study. We carried out history taking, physical examination, and cognitive assessment for the diagnosis of dementia of Alzheimer's type based on DSM-IV. We scored the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale(GDS), Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR), and the Korean Neuropsychiatric Inventory(K-NPI). We also measured levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin $B_{12}$ in the plasma. Results : We found statistically significant positive correlations between homocysteine concentration with NPI total score, and with scores of several sub-domains such as delusion, agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, and elation/euphoria. No significant correlation existed between homocysteine levels and scores of MMSE, GDS, and CDR. Conclusions : This study shows that plasma homocysteine levels are associated with BPSD. Further research is necessary to identify pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these relationships.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.271-300
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• 2013

Human and animals are born with an intuitive ability to determine approximate numerosity. This ability is termed approximate number sense (hereafter, number sense). Evolutionarily, number sense is thought to be an essential ability for hunting, gathering and survival. According to previous research, children with mathematical learning disability have impaired number sense. On the other hand, individuals with more accurate number sense have higher mathematical achievement. These results support the hypothesis that number sense provides a basis for the development of mathematical cognition. Recently, researchers have been examining whether number sense training can lead to enhancement in mathematical achievement and changes in brain activity in relation to mathematical problem solving. Numerosity which basically represents discontinuous quantity is expected to be closely related to continuous quantity such as representations of space and time. A theory of magnitude (ATOM) states that processing of number, space and time is based on a common magnitude system in the posterior parietal cortex, especially the intraparietal sulcus. The present paper introduces current literature and future directions for the study of the common magnitude system.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.425-455
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• 2012

Multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory mechanisms are largely divided into the phonological channel and the lexical-semantic channel. The former is called phonological short-term memory and the latter is called semantic short-term memory. Phonological short-term memory is further segmented into the phonological input buffer and the phonological output buffer. In this study, the language performance of each of three patients with similar levels of conduction aphasia was analyzed in terms of multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory. To this end, three patients with conduction aphasia were instructed to perform four different aspects of language tasks that are spontaneous speaking, repetition, spontaneous writing, and dictation in both word and sentence level. Moreover, the patients' phonological memories and semantic short-term memories were evaluated using digit span tests and verbal learning tests. As a result, the three subjects exhibited various types of performances and error responses in the four aspects of language tests, and the short-term memory tests also did not produce identical results. The language performance of three patients with conduction aphasia can be explained according to whether the defects occurred in the semantic short-term memory, phonological input buffer and/or phonological output buffer. In this study, the relations between language and multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory were discussed based on the results of language tests and short-term memory tests in patients with conduction aphasia.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-78
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• 2010

Traditionally, self-efficacy, burnout and engagement are defined as work related states of mind, and formally speaking, students are not employees. But, we assume that from a psychological perspective, student core activities can be considered work. Therefore, based on SCT(social cognitive theory), we examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the prediction of student burnout and engagement, and also the mediation of burnout and engagement between self-efficacy and performance(GPA). There is no research to date wether there would be mediating role of these variables between past success and performance. These effects were analysed in the context of mediating role of the variables in a university in a sample of 438 students. This study utilized a convenience sample drawn from various major scholar area. Results of structural equation modeling analyses were consist with a full mediation model in which academic past success predicts self-efficacy, which in turn, predicts student burnout and engagement. Also our proposed model showed that burnout and engagement are partial or full mediating variables between self-efficacy and performance. Our study's findings provide evidence that engagement fully accounted for the relationship between self-efficacy and performance, and burnout partially explained the relationships. These findings aligns with the general theorizing supported by JD-R model and SCT(social cognitive theory). More specifically, it builds on the JD-R literature as it tests one of the proposed mechanisms in the relationship between job resources and work engagement. Implications of study are discussed, together with limitations and suggestions for future research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.267-272
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 한국어의 사·피동문을 실어증 환자가 처리하는 양상에 대하여 살펴보았다. 한국어의 사·피동문은 용언에 파생접사가 붙어 이루어지는 경우와 '-게 하다'나 '-어 지다'와 같이 구문 변형으로 하여, 실어증 환자에게 실험을 하였다. 실험에 참여한 환자는 명칭성 실어증 환자, 이해성 실어증 환자, 표현성 실어증 환자, 전반성 실어증 환자로 구성되어 있다. 본 실험에서는 단어 채워 넣기 과제(word completion task)를 사용하였다. 명칭성 실어증 환자의 경우 피동에서는 처리 오류를 보이는 반면, 사동에는 아무런 문제도 보이지 않았다. 표현성 실어증 환자의 경우, <피동-비변형>에서 오류를 많이 보였다. 이를 통해 한국어의 사·피동은 영어와 달리 통사상의 문제가 아니라는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 즉 이미 사·피동 접사에 의해 파생된 단어가 어휘부에 저장되어 있고, 각 단어의 논항 정보에 따라 문장이 생성되는 것이다. 표현성 실어증 환자가 피동의 비변형에서 지배적인 오류를 보이는 것은 피동의 비변형이 타동사로서 변형인 피동형에 비해 하나의 논항을 더 취하기 때문이다. 이해성 실어증 환자의 경우 사·피동 생성에 별 어려움을 보이지 않았다. 이는 이해성 실어증 환자가 개별 어휘의 논항 정보에 손실을 적게 입고 있음을 시사하는 결과이다. 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 유형을 보이는 환자들을 대상으로 한국어의 사·피동의 처리양상을 대조한 결과, 첫재 사·피동은 서로 다른 통사, 의미상의 처리 양상을 보이고 있고, 둘째 파생접사가 결합된 형태로 어휘부에 저장되어 있는 개별 사·피동사에 의해 형성되는 것임을 확인하였다.d CO2 quantity causes flame temperature to fall since at high strain retes diluent effect is prevailing and at low strain rates the products inhibits chain branching. It is also found that the contribution of NO production by N2O and NO2 mechanisms are negligible and that thermal mechanism is concentrate on only the reaction zone. As strain rate and CO2 quantity increase, NO production is remarkably augmented.our 10%를 대용한 것이 무첨가한 것보다 많이 단단해졌음을 알 수 있었다. 혼합중의 반죽의 조사형 전자현미경 관찰로 amarans flour로 대체한 gluten이 단단해졌음을 알수 있었다. 유화제 stearly 칼슘, 혹은 hemicellulase를 amarans 10% 대체한 밀가루에 첨가하면 확연히 비용적을 증대시킬 수 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. quinoa는 명아주과 Chenopodium에 속하고 페루, 볼리비아 등의 고산지에서 재배 되어지는 것을 시료로 사용하였다. quinoa 분말은 중량의 5-20%을 quinoa를 대체하고 더욱이 분말중량에 대하여 0-200ppm의 lipase를 lipid(밀가루의 2-3배)에 대하여 품질개량제로서 이용했다.