• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2015

Purpose - This research aims to understand the different behaviors of consumers according to cognitive age. Specifically, this research is focused on pro-social behavior. Pro-social behavior is defined as behavior benefiting others, rather than behavior benefiting one's self. It often entails individual risk or cost, such as when giving resources to others, waiting in line, asking for or paying a fair price, or risking one's life in battle. Therefore, we sought to understand consumer psychology and cognitive age as a reflection of inner psychology. People frequently perceive themselves as younger or older than their chronological ages. This self-perceived or cognitive age is a subjective age perception independent of actual chronological age. The discrepancy degree between chronological and cognitive age represents how much individuals perceive themselves as younger than they are. This study examines the gap in donation intention based on cognitive age. In order to investigate cognitive age, composed of four sub-categories (feel-age, look-age, do-age, and interest-age), this study explores the differential donation intention based on cognitive age, which determines the relationship between the young age and old age. Research design, data, and methodology - Data research was conducted by gathering 216 survey samples, excluding those with unreliable answers. Data coding and cleaning were used and SPSS 19.0 software for the data analysis. The respondents were categorized into two types, younger cognitive ages and older cognitive ages. Additionally, we analyzed the moderating variables. In particular, we used cognitive age degree and congruency level (cognitive age low vs. cognitive age high) × (congruency close vs. congruency distant) between - subjects design. First, regression was done to verify the difference between chronological age and cognitive age. Second, a t-test was done to verify the difference of cognitive age level in donations. Third, ANOVA (analysis of variance) was done to verify the difference between cognitive age and congruency in donations. Last, ANOVA was done to verify the difference between cognitive age and moral judgments in donations. Result - The results show most respondents perceive themselves as younger than their chronological ages. In particular, older respondents feel they are younger than their actual age. Moreover, the result of the comparison between low degree and high degree groups of cognitive age, show high donations at the higher degree of cognitive age groups. In addition, the closer the distance to the beneficiaries, the higher the donation in high degree cognitive age groups. The higher moral judgment groups also show relatively high contributions in lower degree cognitive age groups. Conclusions - Donations belong to the category of pro-social behavior reflecting an individual's psychological state. Therefore, it is important in understanding cognitive age. This study implies that it is necessary to take into account both cognitive age and chronological age when segmenting donors. Moreover, this study confirmed that there are different factors affecting the motives behind donations. Thus, it may be utilized to create differential donation strategies.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to review the results of previous researches related to cognitive age and to verify variables related to cognitive age. Using the key words of cognitive age, subjective age, self-perceived age and age difference from major academic databases in Korea (KISS), the related research articles were collected and analyzed. The results of this study were as follows: First, educational level and marital status were related to cognitive age but its relationship to the other demographic variables were inconsistent. Second, self-esteem and life satisfaction were associated with cognitive age. Third, consumer behavior such as information-seeking behavior, impulsive buying orientation and brand sensitivity and clothing behavior such as apparel shopping orientation and fashion leadership were related to cognitive age.

• 한국노년학
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.751-763
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 인지노화와 그에 영향을 미치는 사회심리학적 요인에 대해 개관하였다. 노화로 인한 인지기능의 변화는 세부 기능별로 상이함에도 인지노화는 쇠퇴의 관점으로 주로 해석되고 있다. 인지노화에 대한 부정적인 시각은 노화 고정관념(age stereotype)과 같은 사회심리학적 요인이 반영된 결과로 볼 수 있다. 노화 고정관념은 문화권에 따른 차이는 있으나 보통 부정적인 측면이 강하게 나타나는데, 더 부정적인 고정관념을 보일수록 기억 수행이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 노화 고정관념을 실험적으로 활성화시키는 경우, 긍정적인 고정관념을 제시받은 노인이 부정적인 고정관념을 제시받은 노인에 비해 더 높은 기억 수행을 보였다. 자신의 인지기능에 대한 평가인 자기신념(self-referent belief)도 인지기능에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난다. 보통 노인의 자기신념이 청년의 자기신념보다 낮게 나타나고, 자기기억신념의 수준은 실제 기억 수행과 관련되는 것으로 나타난다. 이상의 사회심리학적 요인이 인지기능에 미치는 영향에 대한 이론적 설명과 시사점이 논의되었다.

• 복식
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• 제64권7호
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• pp.68-81
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• 2014

This study was conducted to demonstrate the differences in people's beauty involvement, hair attitude and cognitive in accordance with their interest in celebrities and television. Also, the difference between cognitive age and real age was studied. Research subjects were females aged 20s to 50s living in Seoul and the surrounding metropolitan areas. The SPSS 19.0 was used for data analysis. The results were as follows: First, the involvement in TV entertainers' was categorized into "TV entertainer fashion fan group," "TV entertainer follower group," and "TV program interest group." Second, The involvement of beauty was divided into skin management and expression, body management, makeup and hair attitude. The factors for hair attitude come from the following four actors: "hair creator fan group", "hair homeostasis-oriented," "hair differentiation factor," and "hair personnel-oriented group." Third, the analysis for the differences in the involvement of beauty based on the people's interest in TV appearances of entertainers was that there was a significant difference in skin care and expression, body management, makeup and hair attitude. The interest groups for the entertainers' TV appearances showed the highest in all of the above categories. Fourth, The analysis for the cognitive age for the "TV entertainer interest group" showed little difference in cognitive age, age of sensibility, age of physical appearance, behavior age, and age of interest. Fifth, The result for the difference in the actual age and cognitive age for different age groups showed that there was a little difference in average cognitive age including the age of sensibility, age of physical appearance, behavior age, and age of interest.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

Driving is a complex psychomotor task often interrupted by secondary activities that increase cognitive workload and divert attention away from the roadway. The risk of inattentive driving is known to vary with age. To assess the characteristics of advancing age on driver's cognitive workload under dual task condition, we evaluate the performance of 96 drivers divided into three age groups: 20's, 40's, and 60's. This study considers driver's cognitive workload in the context of urban and highway driving. Error rate & Dual task cost are used to measure driver's cognitive workload. Results indicate that age impacts cognitive workload during dual task driving conditions.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the hand functions of elderly persons according to their cognitive status and age. Methods: A total of 65 persons voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups: impairment cognitive group, normal cognitive group, adult group (persons in their twenties). Assessment of cognitive status was performed using a mini-mental state examination for Koreans (MMSE-K). Hand function was assessed using the Purdue pegboard test. The collected data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Pearsonn Acorrelation. Results: There were significant differences in hand functions in the three groups. Post-hoc test results showed significant differences between each group. There were statistically significant differences in the correlation among hand functions, cognitive status, and age. The findings of this study suggest that hand functions have a positive correlation with cognitive status. However, a negative correlation was found between hand function and age. Conclusion: According to the study's results, hand functions are correlated with age and cognitive functions in elderly persons. This study suggests that hand rehabilitation with cognitive intervention increases hand functions in elderly persons.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2022

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate changes in dual-task performance according to age and difficulty of cognitive tasks for the in community-dwelling elderly populations, as well as to examine their changes in hand dexterity according to age and cognitive function. Methods: A total of 135 people aged 65 years old and over participated in the study. To evaluate each participant's dual-task performance, each participant completed a dual task. To assess their cognitive function, the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and the Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) were the tools used. Participants were divided into three groups based on their age: 65-69 years, 70-79 years, and 80-89 years. Results: The findings showed that age groups and the difficulty of the cognitive task significantly affected the amount of time required for dual-task performance (p<.001). Additionally, the dual-task correct response rate (CRR) decreased significantly with age groups and the difficulty of the cognitive task (p<.001). The amount of time required for finger dexterity performance increased significantly with age groups (mean score±standard deviation [SD]; 19.46±2.26 in subjects aged 65-69 years; 21.92±2.61 in subjects aged 70-79 years; and 23.82±2.92 in subjects aged 80-89 years; p<.001). Moreover, as a result of the correlation between hand dexterity and cognitive function, MoCA-K was -0.563 and MMSE-K was -.412, showing a statistically significant correlation (p<.001). Conclusions: Age and the difficulty of the cognitive task affect the community-dwelling elderly populations in terms of dual-task performance and dual-task CRR. In addition, aging and general cognition have an impact on hand dexterity. Based on the results of this study, it is anticipated that the results will serve as a reference for domestic clinical trials that confirm cognitive decline in the elderly using dual task and hand dexterity evaluation.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to present normative data for older Korean adults completing the Yonsei dual task cognitive screening test (Y-DuCog) and identify changes in cognitive function on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Korean (MoCA-K) with age. Methods : From May 2019 to August 2019, 195 healthy adults aged ≥60 years participated in this study. All participants completed the Y-DuCog to assess their dual-task performance and the MoCA-K to assess their cognitive function. Participants were divided into three groups based on their age: 60~69 years, 70~79 years, and ≥80 years. Results : The results of the Y-DuCog showed that dual-task performance time, effect, and correct response rate decreased significantly with age (p<.001). Scores from the three groups showed differences on all items (p<.001). Cognitive function on the MoCA-K also decreased significantly with age (mean score ± standard deviation [SD]; 27.33 ± 2.61 in subjects aged 60~69 years; 24.82 ± 3.20 in subjects aged 70~79 years; and 22.10 ± 4.91 in subjects aged ≥80 years; p<.001). Conclusions : Occupational therapists should be aware of the decline in cognitive function and dual-task performance time, effect, and correct response rate in older adults and consider interventions to treat this decline. Further studies are needed with larger groups of participants to examine factors, such as sex and education, that may impact dual-task performance and cognitive function.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2020

본 연구는 노인을 대상으로 인지기능에 관한 교육과 함께 주의, 기억, 실행기능, 기억책략 등을 다루는 인지과제를 수행하는 인지훈련을 실시하여 훈련 이전의 인지기능 수준은 어떤 개인적 특성과 관련이 있는지, 주관적 인지감퇴는 실제적인 인지감퇴를 반영하는지, 인지훈련의 효과는 어떤 개인 특성과 관련이 있는지를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구 참가자는 건강한 노인 20명으로 14회기의 인지훈련을 주 1회, 회기당 2시간씩 진행하였으며 사전 및 사후로 검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 인지기능은 연령과 자아존중감, 성격 특질 중 외향성과 개방성이 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 주관적인 인지감퇴는 객관적인 인지기능보다는 우울, 불안, 성격, 자기효능감, 자아존중감, 주관적 연령과의 상관이 유의하였다. 또한 인지훈련을 통해 전반적인 인지기능을 측정하는 정신상태, 기억, 전두엽기능 검사 점수가 향상되었으며 인지훈련의 효과는 연령, 주관적 인지감퇴, 불안, 자기효능감, 자아존중감, 주관적 연령, 성격과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 어떤 특성의 노인이 인지노화에 취약한지 알려주며, 인지훈련의 효과를 높이기 위해 교육 참가자의 특성을 고려해야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2002

인터넷 환경의 발전으로 인한 사용자 폭의 확대는 연령계층별 사용자에 대한 인지특성의 이해와 이에 따른 사용자 중심의 디자인 방법을 필요로 하고 있다. 이와 같은 배경에서 본 연구는 웹 인터페이스에서 시각정보의 인지특성 도출을 위해 시지각 인지프로세스 모델을 제시하였으며, 시각정보에 대한 시지각 계측실험의 과정을 거쳐 연령 계층별 피험자의 인지특성에 대한 실질적인 데이터를 확보할 수 있었다. 이의 결과를 토대로 연령계층별 사용자의 인지특성은 시지각 인지프로세스의 세부속성인 형태, 색채, 공간, 운동과 시지각의 생리적, 물리적, 인지적 특성이 변수로 작용하여 서로 다른 인지특성을 가지고 있음을 밝혔다. 그 결과로 시지각 인지프로세스 모델의 다양한 적용은 연령계층별 사용자의 인지특성을 구체적이며 체계적으로 도출할 수 있는 수 있는 기반이 될 수 있을 것이며 웹 인터페이스의 평가 모델로도 활용 될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 본 연구는 디자이너의 역할 확대와 연령계층별 사용편의성 연구방향을 확립할 수 있는 기반을 마련하는 계기가 되었다는데서 그 의의가 있다.