• Title/Summary/Keyword: cognitive/affective variables

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Analysis of High School Teachers' ICT literacy and Intention to use (고등학교 교사의 ICT 활용 리터러시와 활용 의도에 관한 분석)

  • Go, Ju Eun;Park, Sung Youl
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.591-601
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    • 2021
  • This study focuses on the ICT literacy, the perceived value of ICT utilization, and the perceived use of ICT environment as the factors influencing the activation of ICT using classes, in order to identify how these differences affect intended use of ICT. A total of 3,942 high school teachers participated in the survey. Two factor analyses were conducted to verify and check the validities of measurement items for independent and dependent variables. With the research questions, a multiple regression analysis was implemented to verify the predictive power of the independent variables on the teachers' ICT utilization. All the independent variables set in the research issue had a significant influence on the intended use of ICT, which is a dependent variable. ICT utilization was found as the most influential variables followed by the perceived value of ICT utilization, the affective domain of ICT literacy, and the psychomotor domain of ICT literacy, the cognitive domain of ICT literacy, and the perceived use of ICT environment. In order to enhance teachers' ICT utilization in school settings, teachers should understand the educational value of ICT utilization and recognize its necessity and importance.

The Relation of Intelligence, Self-esteem, Mathematical Attitudes, and Scientific Attitudes of Gifted Students from Low-income Families (소외계층 영재의 지능과 자아존중감, 수학적 태도 및 과학적 태도의 관계)

  • Song, Kyung Ae
    • Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.1039-1051
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    • 2014
  • This study aims to measure intelligence (cognitive characteristics), self-esteem, mathematical attitudes, and scientific attitudes (affective characteristics) of gifted students from low-income families, and to identify the relationship among these variables. 147 students in the lower grades of elementary schools who were enrolled to university-based gifted education centers were participants of the study. The results showed that the percentile scores of each variable were 85% for intelligence, 75.6% for self-esteem, 73.3% for mathematical attitudes, and 71.3% for mathematical attitudes. There was no statistically significant relationship between intelligence and the affective characteristics (i.e., self-esteem, mathematical attitudes, and scientific attitudes), while statistically significant relationships were shown between self-esteem and mathematical attitudes (r=.448, p=.000), between self-esteem and scientific attitudes (r=.522, p=.000), and between mathematical attitudes and scientific attitudes (r=.448, p=.000). The results suggest that although the gifted students from low-income families show lower levels compared to other gifted student groups, their potential level of giftedness is considerably high, which calls for appropriate educational support systems designed for this population.

Causal relationship between learning motivation and thinking in programming education using online evaluation tool (온라인 평가 도구를 활용한 프로그래밍 교육에서 학습 동기와 사고력 간 인과 관계)

  • Chang, Won-Young
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.379-390
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    • 2020
  • Recently, interest in online teaching·learning and evaluation tools has increased in the context of Covid-19. In order to use tools effectively, it is necessary to identify the structural influence and causal relationship between the learner's affective and cognitive variables. In this study, to identify a causal relationship between motivation and thinking while using online judge, research and competing model were established and model fit/path analysis were performed. It was found that there was a linear causal relationship from tool usage, self-efficacy, flow, logical thinking, to computational thinking. It was confirmed that 'self-efficacy → flow', or 'flow' had mediating effect on the path from tool usage to thinking, and tool usage was not exerted to thinking through 'flow → self-efficacy'. The causality of 'logical thinking → computational thinking' was identified on the path where tool usage affects thinking ability through learning motivation, but the causality of 'computational thinking → logical thinking' was not identified.

Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Programming Education using Educational Programming Languages (교육용 프로그래밍 언어를 사용한 프로그래밍 교육의 효과에 관한 메타분석)

  • Yang, Changmo
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.317-324
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, we investigate the effects of programming education using educational programming languages. We select 70 papers which contain 101 individual experimental studies we can estimate the effect size from. The average effect size of the studies is .641, which means that programming education has modest effects on the learners. The average effect size of the learners' cognitive and affective domains are 0.632 and 0.666, respectively. The average effect size by the controlled variables such as school level, experimental periods, and programming languages have no statistically significant difference. The results of our study show that the experimental group receiving programming education, can be expected perform about 23.9% better compared to the control group having received no programming education.

Predicting Variables of E-loyalty for Fashion Products according to E-promotion Interests (패션소비자의 판매촉진 흥미도에 따른 e-충성도예측요인)

  • Park, Eun-Joo;Choi, Ju-Young
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.302-309
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    • 2010
  • The purposes of this study were to examine whether the e-promotion interest was an influencing variable on promotion-acceptance attitudes, browsing, consumer satisfaction and e-loyalty, and to investigate the predictors for e-loyalty of shopping mall according to e-promotion interests. A questionnaire was developed based on the previous researches. Data were obtained from 555 adults who had purchased fashion products in online shopping. Data were analyzed using by factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, t-test and regression. The results showed that consumers with high e-promotion interests were more likely to accept e-promotions affectively and behaviorally, to have hedonic and utilitarian browsing, to satisfy the online shopping, and to make e-loyalty compared to them with low e-promotion interests. For high interested group in e-promotion, the more cognitive and affective attitudes toward promotion acceptance they were the greater e-loyalty in the context of online shopping for fashion products. Additionally, the more hedonic browsing and satisfy the online shopping they were the greater e-loyalty of shopping mall at Internet. However, for low interested group in e-promotion interests, the more utilitarian browsing and satisfy the online shopping they were the greater e-loyalty of online shopping for fashion products. It implies that consumer' e-promotion interest was an influencing variable on promotion-acceptance attitudes, browsing, consumer satisfaction and e-loyalty in online shopping for fashion products. Consumer satisfaction played an important role for making e-loyalty of fashion shopping malls. These findings are discussed in terms of insights for developing the strategies of encouraging to make the loyalty of shopping mall in the context of purchasing fashion products at Internet.

Development and Validation of Home Newspaper Utilization Scale for Elementary School Students (HNUS-E) (초등학생을 위한 가정 신문 활용 척도의 개발 및 타당화)

  • Choi, Naya;Jung, Soojeong
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.57 no.2
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    • pp.225-241
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    • 2019
  • This study develops and validates an objective scale to measure newspaper use at home by elementary school students and parents. We developed a preliminary scale of 59 items through the review of literature on newspaper use and mediation as well as the examination of content validity by education experts. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. A total of 42 items were supported by 703 parents with students in grades 1-6 using exploratory factor analysis. The model included 3 categories and 9 sub-factors: instruction (modeling, restriction, and text instruction), activities (play activity, conversation, online mediation, and scrap activity), and belief (academic achievement and information acquisition). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed and validated the model fit; in addition, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, and cross validity was confirmed through correlation analysis by gender comparison and grade comparison. We also verified the validity of this scale through correlation analysis based on Yu and Jung (2012)'s newspaper mediation variables and scale in regards to children's motivation for using newspapers. Finally, internal consistency reliability and half reliability were also confirmed. In conclusion, the suitability and stability of home newspaper utilization scale for elementary students (HNUS-E) were confirmed. This scale provides parents and educators with ideas for the development of the children's literacy, cognitive, and affective domains that can be effectively used in research on newspaper use for school-aged children.

The Effect of Empathy on Anxiety and Depression in COVID-19 Disaster : through Risk Perception and Indirect Trauma (코로나19 재난 상황에서 공감이 불안과 우울에 미치는 영향 : 위험지각과 간접외상을 통하여)

  • Han, Jeong-Soo;Choi, Ju-Hee;Lee, Sang-Ok;Kim, Yoo-Ri;Kim, Sung-Soo
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.609-625
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    • 2021
  • It has now been more than a year since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea, which has claimed thousands of lives and changed every aspect of life. The corona pandemic not only caused physical damages but also psychological one which is a collective social stress phenomenon often termed as 'corona blue'. The purpose of this study is to examine how empathy affects anxiety and depression through risk perception and indirect trauma, which are psychological variables related to the corona pandemic as a disaster. The survey data from 214 people were analyzed with a structural equation modelling. The results shows that 53.3 % of the participants experienced anxiety and 35.7% suffered from depression, which were about 6 times higher than ones from the 2019 government data. Affective empathy had a significant effect on risk perception, and cognitive empathy had a significant effect on indirect trauma. Risk perception and indirect trauma both had a significant effect on anxiety, and anxiety had a significant impact on depression. Only cognitive empathy had a significant indirect effect on anxiety and depression. This study provides an important insight into understanding a social phenomenon of 'corona blue' from a empathic perspective.

Consumer Responses to Retailer's Location-based Mobile Shopping Service : Focusing on PAD Emotional State Model and Information Relevance (유통업체의 위치기반 모바일 쇼핑서비스 제공에 대한 소비자 반응 : PAD 감정모델과 정보의 상황관련성을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hyun-Hwa;Moon, Hee-Kang
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.63-92
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    • 2012
  • This study investigated consumer intention to use a location-based mobile shopping service (LBMSS) that integrates cognitive and affective responses. Information relevancy was integrated into pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) emotional state model in the present study as a conceptual framework. The results of an online survey of 335 mobile phone users in the U.S. indicated the positive effects of arousal and information relevancy on pleasure. In addition, there was a significant relationship between pleasure and intention to use a LBMSS. However, the relationship between dominance and pleasure was not statistically significant. The results of the present study provides insight to retailers and marketers as to what factors they need to consider to implement location-based mobile shopping services to improve their business performance. Extended Abstract : Location aware technology has expanded the marketer's reach by reducing space and time between a consumer's receipt of advertising and purchase, offering real-time information and coupons to consumers in purchasing situations (Dickenger and Kleijnen, 2008; Malhotra and Malhotra, 2009). LBMSS increases the relevancy of SMS marketing by linking advertisements to a user's location (Bamba and Barnes, 2007; Malhotra and Malhotra, 2009). This study investigated consumer intention to use a location-based mobile shopping service (LBMSS) that integrates cognitive and affective response. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship among information relevancy and affective variables and their effects on intention to use LBMSS. Thus, information relevancy was integrated into pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) model and generated the following hypotheses. Hypothesis 1. There will be a positive influence of arousal concerning LBMSS on pleasure in regard to LBMSS. Hypothesis 2. There will be a positive influence of dominance in LBMSS on pleasure in regard to LBMSS. Hypothesis 3. There will be a positive influence of information relevancy on pleasure in regard to LBMSS. Hypothesis 4. There will be a positive influence of pleasure about LBMSS on intention to use LBMSS. E-mail invitations were sent out to a randomly selected sample of three thousand consumers who are older than 18 years old and mobile phone owners, acquired from an independent marketing research company. An online survey technique was employed utilizing Dillman's (2000) online survey method and follow-ups. A total of 335 valid responses were used for the data analysis in the present study. Before the respondents answer any of the questions, they were told to read a document describing LBMSS. The document included definitions and examples of LBMSS provided by various service providers. After that, they were exposed to a scenario describing the participant as taking a saturday shopping trip to a mall and then receiving a short message from the mall. The short message included new product information and coupons for same day use at participating stores. They then completed a questionnaire containing various questions. To assess arousal, dominance, and pleasure, we adapted and modified scales used in the previous studies in the context of location-based mobile shopping service, each of the five items from Mehrabian and Russell (1974). A total of 15 items were measured on a seven-point bipolar scale. To measure information relevancy, four items were borrowed from Mason et al. (1995). Intention to use LBMSS was captured using two items developed by Blackwell, and Miniard (1995) and one items developed by the authors. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0 and LISREL 8.72. A total of usable 335 data were obtained after deleting the incomplete responses, which results in a response rate of 11.20%. A little over half of the respondents were male (53.9%) and approximately 60% of respondents were married (57.4%). The mean age of the sample was 29.44 years with a range from 19 to 60 years. In terms of the ethnicity there were European Americans (54.5%), Hispanic American (5.3%), African-American (3.6%), and Asian American (2.9%), respectively. The respondents were highly educated; close to 62.5% of participants in the study reported holding a college degree or its equivalent and 14.5% of the participants had graduate degree. The sample represents all income categories: less than $24,999 (10.8%), $25,000-$49,999 (28.34%), $50,000-$74,999 (13.8%), and $75,000 or more (10.23%). The respondents of the study indicated that they were employed in many occupations. Responses came from all 42 states in the U.S. To identify the dimensions of research constructs, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using a varimax rotation was conducted. As indicated in table 1, these dimensions: arousal, dominance, relevancy, pleasure, and intention to use, suggested by the EFA, explained 82.29% of the total variance with factor loadings ranged from .74 to .89. As a next step, CFA was conducted to validate the dimensions that were identified from the exploratory factor analysis and to further refine the scale. Table 1 exhibits the results of measurement model analysis and revealed a chi-square of 202.13 with degree-of-freedom of 89 (p =.002), GFI of .93, AGFI = .89, CFI of .99, NFI of .98, which indicates of the evidence of a good model fit to the data (Bagozzi and Yi, 1998; Hair et al., 1998). As table 1 shows, reliability was estimated with Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) for all multi-item scales. All the values met evidence of satisfactory reliability in multi-item measure for alpha (>.91) and CR (>.80). In addition, we tested the convergent validity of the measure using average variance extracted (AVE) by following recommendations from Fornell and Larcker (1981). The AVE values for the model constructs ranged from .74 through .85, which are higher than the threshold suggested by Fornell and Larcker (1981). To examine discriminant validity of the measure, we again followed the recommendations from Fornell and Larcker (1981). The shared variances between constructs were smaller than the AVE of the research constructs and confirm discriminant validity of the measure. The causal model testing was conducted using LISREL 8.72 with a maximum-likelihood estimation method. Table 2 shows the results of the hypotheses testing. The results for the conceptual model revealed good overall fit for the proposed model. Chi-square was 342.00 (df = 92, p =.000), NFI was .97, NNFI was .97, GFI was .89, AGFI was .83, and RMSEA was .08. All paths in the proposed model received significant statistical support except H2. The paths from arousal to pleasure (H1: ${\ss}$=.70; t = 11.44), from information relevancy to intention to use (H3 ${\ss}$ =.12; t = 2.36), from information relevancy to pleasure (H4 ${\ss}$ =.15; t = 2.86), and pleasure to intention to use (H5: ${\ss}$=.54; t = 9.05) were significant. However, the path from dominance to pleasure was not supported. This study investigated consumer intention to use a location-based mobile shopping service (LBMSS) that integrates cognitive and affective responses. Information relevancy was integrated into pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) emotional state model as a conceptual framework. The results of the present study support previous studies indicating that emotional responses as well as cognitive responses have a strong impact on accepting new technology. The findings of this study suggest potential marketing strategies to mobile service developers and retailers who are considering the implementation of LBMSS. It would be rewarding to develop location-based mobile services that integrate information relevancy and which cause positive emotional responses.

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Development of the Instrument for Assessment the Attitude toward Engineering (공학에 대한 태도 측정 도구 개발)

  • Choi, Yu-Hyun;Park, Ki-Moon;Ryu, Seung-Min;Lee, Jeong-Gyun
    • 대한공업교육학회지
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.161-178
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    • 2009
  • This research was conducted to develop an assessment measure of attitude toward engineering. Based upon related document research and case studies, we came up with operational definition and category of attitude toward engineering as well as questionnaires to assess. After consulting with specialists and studying on relevant documents, we changed some of the 60 questions developed in the first phase or added new ones. One hundred and nine students who major in engineering were questioned by the 40 questions selected in the second phase. Using SPSS 14.0K statistics program, various techniques were used including factor analysis, validity analysis and correlation analysis. And the level of significance of statistical verification was 0.05. The result is as follows: Based on fundamental aspect of the attitude, this research focused on 3 different variables: cognitive variable such as 'attitude toward engineering value', affective available such as 'general attitude toward engineering and attitude toward engineering study', Behavior available such as 'participation in engineering activity'. Therefore, as a subcategory, attitude toward engineering value is classified into value as study and job, social value and personal value, general attitude toward engineering and attitude toward engineering study are divided into self-concept, self-efficacy, awareness, interest and cooperation. Also, participation in engineering activity is classified into attitude toward engineering study. After applying this measurement to the field, we integrated self-concept into self-efficacy, omitting one independent factor in the question. Finally, through Verimax, we developed 'Instrument of Assessment the Attitude toward Engineering(IAAE)' which consists of 3 variables, 9 subcategories and 39 questions.

The Effect of Shared Leadership on Job Crafting: Mediating Role of Learning Goal Orientation and Knowledge Sharing (공유리더십이 직무재창조(Job crafting)에 미치는 영향: 학습목표지향성과 지식공유의 매개효과)

  • Lee, Ji-Eun;Oh, Sang-Jin
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.10
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    • pp.654-678
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    • 2020
  • Job crafting has gained prominence in organizational practice as an important factor to cultivate positive performance, the purpose of this study is to present theoretical and practical implications of job crafting by examination of the effective variables that induce job crafting. We verify the correlation between shared leadership and job crafting and the mediating effect of learning goal orientation and knowledge sharing in the relationship between these two variables. Hypotheses were established on the basis of precedent research and various theories including social cognitive theory and affective events theory. The data were collected by conducting online surveys of 318 office workers who have served in various domestic organizations. The reliability and validity of the collected data were verified by SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0, and the hypotheses were analyzed by SPSS process macro 3.0. The study found that shared leadership yields positive effects on the learning goal orientation, knowledge sharing and job crafting of participants respectively and that learning goal orientation and knowledge sharing have a mediating effect in the relationship between shared leadership and job crafting. The results of this study present the effectiveness of shared leadership to facilitate the job crafting and implications and future research measures for the organization to develop a system for activating shared leadership, and for strengthening learning goals orientation and knowledge sharing.