• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 1996

This study is to find countermeasures of facility space according to the development of new educational program and the opening of education market from the renewal of existing facilities. The renewal is consider as the worldwide trend for enhancing added value of the facilities in economic side of educational facilities as well as educational contents. This study selects six from 94 elementary schools in Kwangju-city to examine our educational conditions, understand using conditions and recognition of existing space and possibility of the recycle. The hypothesis that recognition of existing facility space in school may be varied according to physical conditions of children is made in four sides, six elements and two trends are extracted and then life pattern, size, sense of materials and cognition of three types of passage space are analyzed. Accordingly, this study obtains such results that passage space is life space having strong place concept and there is the possibility of renewal of existing school building facilities corresponding to multipurpose of school facilities.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this article is to measure the level of insurance industry's social cognition based on the university students' survey questionnaire. For this, this study analyzes the cognition of students on the level of social reliability, the causes of low reliability, and the measures of enhancing the reliability level about insurance industry. For the analysis of survey questionnaire, partially ranked data analysis was employed. The results show that most students recognize that the reliability of insurance industry is lower than that of other financial industry such as banks and securities firms. The main reason for this low reliability is the lack of sales forces' specialty, the complexity of insurance products and contracts, and negative media release about insurance industry. To enhance the social reliability level of insurance, establishment of the future insurance image is essential, and that can be achieved through strengthening the insurance education and public relations and simplifying insurance products and contracts.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.08a
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2010

Although importance of music education for the mentally retarded children is realized, it is hard to improve study effects for those children with the existing music education methods due to cognitive disorders of the children. In the paper, we propose a system to improve music cognition ability of the mentally retarded children. The system is designed based on the existing MMCP theory. Our system has the following characteristics. First, the system can improve cognitive, physical, social and emotional development as well as development of music cognition ability. Second, the individualized music education is possible for the children. Third, more active and interactive education is possible.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2016

Background: A number of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases share impaired cognition as a common symptom. Therefore, the development of clinically applicable therapies to enhance cognition has yielded significant interest. Previously, we have shown that activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) via gintonin application potentiates synaptic transmission by the blockade of $K^+$ channels in the mature hippocampus. However, whether gintonin may exert any beneficial impact directly on cognition at the neural circuitry level and the behavioral level has not been investigated. Methods: In the current study, we took advantage of gintonin, a novel LPAR agonist, to investigate the effect of gintonin-mediated LPAR activation on cognitive performances. Hippocampus-dependent fear memory test, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal brain slices, and quantitative analysis on synaptic plasticity-related proteins were used. Results: Daily oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk significantly improved fear memory retention in the contextual fear-conditioning test in mice.We also found that oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk increased the expression of learning and memory-related proteins such as phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding (CREB) protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, prolonged gintonin administration enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that the systemic gintonin administration could successfully improve contextual memory formation at the molecular and synaptic levels as well as the behavioral level. Therefore, oral administration of gintonin may serve as an effective noninvasive, nonsurgical method of enhancing cognitive functions.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.467-473
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the memory enhancing effect and underlying molecular mechanism of arabinoxylan (AX), a major component of dietary fiber in wheat against scopolamine (SCO)-induced amnesia in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Diverse behavior tests including Y-maze, Morris water maze, and passive avoidance tests were performed to measure cognitive functions. SCO significantly decreased the spontaneous alterations in Y-maze test and step-through latency in passive avoidance test, whereas increased time spent to find the hidden platform in Morris water maze test compared with the sham control group. In contrast, oral administration of AX (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) effectively reversed the SCO-induced cognitive impairments in SD rats. Furthermore, AX treatment up-regulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cortex and hippocampus via promoting activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Therefore, our findings suggest that AX can improve SCO-induced learning and memory impairment possibly through activation of CREB and up-regulation of BDNF levels, thereby exhibiting a cognition-enhancing potential.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of the fraction of Taraxacum officinale and T.coreanum on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. Methods : The cognition-enhancing effect of Taraxacum officinale and T.coreanum was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Results : The results showed that the Aug harvested T.offiicinale extract-treated group (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and the tacrine-treated group (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced amnesia based on the Passive avoidance Y-maze test and Watermaze test. And these results are same manner in DPPH radical scavenger effect and Acetylcholineseterase inhibition effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that Taraxacum officinale extract maybe a useful cognitive impairment treatment, and its beneficial effects are depending on the collecting time and origin plants. As a result, Taraxacum officinale harvested in August improve memory most.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.185-199
• /
• 2011

In the present study, we assessed the effect of the PPA (Polygala japonica Houtt., Polygala tenuifolia WILLD. and Acorus gramineus SOLAND. mixed preparation), a traditional herbal prescription, on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. The cognition-enhancing effect of PPA was investigated using a passive avoidance test, Y-maze test and the Morris water maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). A single PPA (400 and 800 (mg/kg)) administration significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test (P<0.05). On the Y-maze test, PPA (400 and 800 (mg/kg)) also significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice (P<0.05). PPA also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze (P<0.05). These results suggest that PPA attenuates amnesic state induced by scopolamine and that these Effect are mediated by enhancing the cholinergic dysfunction.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the water extract of Albizziae Cortex (AC) on the learning and memory impairments. AC was administered to normal mouse and scopolamine-injected amnesia mouse model. Passive avoidance test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test were conducted to confirm the cognitive-enhancing activities of AC. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (Ach) content were measured after oral administration of AC. On the passive avoidance test, AC (200 mg/kg) significantly increased latency time and recovered scopolamine-impaired learning and memory in mice. In addition, AC (200 mg/kg) reduced Exploration time in target quadrant and reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the Y-maze test. Moreover, AC (200 mg/kg) increased exploration time in target quadrant and improved scopolamine-reduced escape latencies in the Morris water maze test. These effects were presented by regulatory effects of AC on AChE activity and Ach content. Taken together, AC increases cognitive-enhancing activities and ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment. AC might be a potential agent for prevention and treatment of amnesia and dementia.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2009

Objectives : In the present study, we assessed the effects of the ethanolic extract of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine using the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tasks in mice. Methods : The cognition-enhancing effect of C. pinnatifida was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Results : The ethanolic extract of C. pinnatifida (100, and 200 mg/kg) significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test (p < 0.05). Moreover, C. pinnatifida (200 mg/kg) also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze (p < 0.05). On the Y-maze test, C. pinnatifida (100, and 200 mg/kg) also significantly reversed scopolamine- induced cognitive impairments in mice (p < 0.05). Conclusions : The ethanolic extract of Crataegus pinnatifida dramatically possesses the anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and these activities were parallel to treatment duration and dependent on the learning models.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of the Ethanolic extract of Stachys sieboldii and Lycopus lucidus on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. Methods : The genetic difference of Stachys sieboldii and Lycopus lucidus were observed with RAPD analysis. The cognition-enhancing effect of Stachys sieboldii and Lycopus lucidus was investigated using a passive avoidance test, Y-maze test and the Morris water maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Results : As a result of RAPD analysis, Stachys sieboldii and Lycopus lucidus Radix was found to be genetically different and The results of learning memory analysis showed that Stachys sieboldii extract-treated group (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and the tacrine-treated group (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced amnesia based on the Passive avoidance Y-maze test and Water maze test. And these results are same manner in DPPH radical scavenger effect and Acetylcholineseterase inhibition effect. These results suggest that Stachys sieboldii extract maybe a useful cognitive impairment treatment, and its beneficial effects are depending on the origin plants. Conclusions : Commercially available Stachys sieboldii Radix consists of two original plant, one of them people misuse. To clarify the origin of the plant Memory tests were performed. These results suggest that 80% Ethanol extract of Stachys sieboldii showed significant anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and these activities were parallel to treatment duration and dependent of the learning models.