• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.502-518
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• 2019

Objective : Since less invasive endovascular treatment was introduced to South Korea in 1994, a considerable proportion of endovascular treatments have been performed by neuroradiology doctors, and endovascular treatments by vascular neurosurgeons have recently increased. However, few specific statistics are known regarding how many endovascular treatments are performed by neurosurgeons. Thus, authors compared endovascular treatments collaboratively performed by vascular neurosurgeons with all cases throughout South Korea from 2013 to 2017 to elucidate the role of neurosurgeons in the field of endovascular treatment in South Korea. Methods : The Society of Korean Endovascular Neurosurgeons (SKEN) has issued annual reports every year since 2014. These reports cover statistics on endovascular treatments collaboratively or individually performed by SKEN members from 2013 to 2017. The data was requested and collected from vascular neurosurgeons in various hospitals. The study involved 77 hospitals in its first year, and 100 in its last. National statistics on endovascular treatment from all over South Korea were obtained from the Healthcare Bigdata Hub website of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service based on the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) codes (in the case of intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis, however, statistics were based on a combination of the EDI and I63 codes, a cerebral infarction disease code) from 2013 to 2017. These two data sets were directly compared and the ratios were obtained. Results : Regionally, during the entire study period, endovascular treatments by SKEN members were most common in Gyeonggido, followed by Seoul and Busan. Among the endovascular treatments, conventional cerebral angiography was the most common, followed by cerebral aneurysmal coiling, endovascular treatments for ischemic stroke, and finally endovascular treatments for vascular malformation and tumor embolization. The number of endovascular treatments performed by SKEN members increased every year. Conclusion : The SKEN members have been responsible for the major role of endovascular treatments in South Korea for the recent 5 years. This was achieved through the perseverance of senior members who started out in the midst of hardship, the establishment of standards for the training/certification of endovascular neurosurgery, and the enthusiasm of current SKEN members who followed. To provide better treatment to patients, we will have to make further progress in SKEN.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.21-32
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• 2011

The district units planning suggests not only detailed standards of building as parts of the whole plan in the district but also a guideline of the arrangement, shape and pavement of the public open space, in order to move away from the rigid image of an institution which causes the formal creation of it. This triggered various problems. While the basic plan for adjustment of urban environments(established in 2005) was being reorganized in order to reflect changed conditions of the city center, the sector of public open space was subdivided according to the guidelines of development by district. We conducted a comparative analysis of conditions before and after the adjustment, so as to examine whether or not the reorganized institution is effective for the plan of public open spaces. The analysis showed that there was no remarkable change between the basic plan and the reorganized institution in that items which were not any different from the existing building codes were established due to lack of guidelines related to public open space under the law of urban and residential environmental improvement. Low regulations should set up criteria for establishment from a concrete, effective microscopic aspect appropriate to the significance of public open space by the linking of public open space and the surrounding environment, whereas high regulations such as building codes should specify essential components.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2019

The process of establishing domestic standards on hazardous substances in food safety regulations requires harmonization with standards from the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). For this purpose, food classification by the CAC (Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds) also needs to be clearly understood. Therefore, this paper aimed to introduce the Codex Classification on cereal grains, nuts/seeds and herbs/spices because revisions of the Codex were completed in 2017 for cereal grains and in 2018 for nuts/seeds and herbs/spices. The revised Codex Classification on those foods is briefly summarized as follows. Cereal grains in the domestic food classification by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Korea (MFDS) corresponds to the Codex Group 020 cereal grains with six subgroups. The MFDS's nuts and seeds classification corresponds to three groups in the Codex, namely, Group 022 (tree nuts with no subgroups), Group 023 (oilseeds and oilfruits with 5 subgroups), and Group 024 (seeds for beverages and sweets with no subgroups). The food commodities of herbs and spices are included in two Codex groups, Group 027 (with 3 subgroups) and Group 028 (with 9 subgroups). The number of Codex commodity codes assigned to food commodities was 27 for Group 020, 32 for Group 022, 46 for Group 023, 4 for Group 024, 127 for Group 027 and 138 for Group 028. In between the Codex Classification and the MFDS's classification, some differences are shown. For example, the MFDS did not create a subgroup under groups of cereal grains and herbs. The MFDS classified peanuts into the nut group, though a separate group for oilseeds is present, while the Codex classified peanuts into the oilseed and oilfruit group. In addition, there is also a separate group of "plants, others" present in the MFDS's classification. Therefore, care is needed in using the Codex Classification.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.601-609
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• 2017

Hydrogen is a clean, endlessly produced energy and it is easy to store and transfer. So, hydrogen is regarded as next generation energy. Among various ways for hydrogen production, the way to produce hydrogen by water electrolysis can effectively respond to fossil fuel's depletion or climate change. As interest in hydrogen has increased, related research has been actively conducted in many countries. In this study, we analyzed the performance characteristics and safety of water electrolysis system. In this study, we analyzed the performance characteristics and safety of water electrolysis system. The items for safety performance evaluation of the water electrolysis system were derived through analysis of international regulations, codes, and standards on hydrogen. Also, a prototype of the overall safety performance evaluation station was designed and developed. The demonstration test was performed with a prototype $10Nm^3/h$ class water electrolysis system that operated stably under various pressure conditions while measuring the stack and system efficiency. At 0.7MPa, the efficiency of the alkaline water electrolysis stack and the system that used in this study was 76.3% and 49.8% respectively. Through the GC analysis in produced $H_2$, the $N_2$ (5,157ppm) and $O_2$ (1,646 ppm) among Ar, $O_2$, $N_2$, CO and $CO_2$ confirmed as main impurities. It can be possible that the result of this study can apply to establish the safety standards for the hydrogen production system by water electrolysis.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2015

Civil structures should be designed with the lowest cost and longest lifetime possible and without service failure. The efficient and sustainable use of materials in building design and construction has always been at the forefront for civil engineers and environmentalists. Timber is one of the best contenders for these purposes particularly in terms of aesthetics; fire protection; strength-to-weight ratio; acoustic properties and seismic resistance. In recent years, timber has been used in commercial and taller buildings due to these significant advantages. It should be noted that, since the launch of the modern building standards and codes, a number of different structural systems have been developed to stabilise steel or concrete multistorey buildings, however, structural analysis of high-rise and multi-storey timber frame buildings subjected to lateral loads has not yet been fully understood. Additionally, timber degradation can occur as a result of biological decay of the elements and overloading that can result in structural damage. In such structures, the deficient members and joints require strengthening in order to satisfy new code requirements; determine acceptable level of safety; and avoid brittle failure following earthquake actions. This paper investigates performance assessment and damage assessment of older multi-storey timber buildings. One approach is to retrofit the beams in order to increase the ductility of the frame. Experimental studies indicate that Sprayed Fibre Reinforced Polymer (SFRP) repairing/retrofitting not only updates the integrity of the joint, but also increases its strength; stiffness; and ductility in such a way that the joint remains elastic. Non-linear finite element analysis ('pushover') is carried out to study the behaviour of the structure subjected to simulated gravity and lateral loads. A new global index is re-assessed for damage assessment of the plain and SFRP-retrofitted frames using capacity curves obtained from pushover analysis. This study shows that the proposed method is suitable for structural damage assessment of aged timber buildings. Also SFRP retrofitting can potentially improve the performance and load carrying capacity of the structure.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.497-504
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• 2002

The investigation of marine accidents in Korea can not handle the international codes and guidelines and is being followed the conventional methods with a big gab to the international criterion and procedure. Also there is no proper investigation manual which is cope with the new era and surrounding circumstances. This study analyzed the investigation manual of other countries, and proposed new investigation manual according to the analysis and international standards and procedure as followings; (1) Develop own investigation manual separating from the field manual which is mixed with judge, (2) Correct and improve the error and hazy words in the existing field manual which is not compatible a current situation, (3) The contents of new manual should be changed to cope with the international rules, criterion and procedures. The list of contents and index is added, an abundant explanation and examples are given, and charts and illustrations are inserted to make the users understand easily. Also the inquiry techniques according to the classification of each accidents are included.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2004

The iSTMS is a web-based integrated information system supporting Pre-Service and In-Service Inspection(PSI/ISI) processes for the nuclear power plants of KHNP(Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd.). The system provides a full spectrum coverage of the inspection processes from the planning stage to the final report of examination in accordance with applicable codes, standards, and regulatory requirements. The major functions of the system includes the inspection planning, examination, reporting, project control and status reporting, resource management as well as objects search and navigation. The system also provides two dimensional or three dimensional visualization interface to identify the location and geometry of components and weld areas subject to examination in collaboration with database applications. The iSIMS is implemented with commercial software packages such as database management system, 2-D and 3-D visualization tool, etc., which provide open, updated and verified foundations. This paper describes the key functions and the technologies for the implementation of the iSIMS.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2022

Background: This study aimed to create and present content that can be used in the dental hygiene ethics process to help dental hygiene students develop desirable work ethics and ethical values. Methods: In order to operate the dental hygiene ethics course in all academic systems, one three-year dental hygiene professor and one four-year dental hygiene professor participated in setting core competencies and learning goals for the dental hygiene ethics course. The class consisted of two credits, two hours of theoretical classes, and class activity sheets developed according to the learning contents and learning topics for each week that can be operated for 15 weeks. Results: The contents of the dental hygiene ethics subject were developed to be conducted as theoretical education and case-oriented discussion classes. The 15-week class consisted of a theory lecture on dental hygiene work ethics (eight weeks), discussions and presentations for ethical decisions based on actual cases related to dental hygiene ethics (four weeks), and the design and presentation of individual professional mission statements and codes of conduct (three weeks). The class data for each week consisted of four stages: "Learning goal-thinking," "open-thinking," "learning content-thinking," and "according to learning goal." Conclusions: In order to establish desirable workplace ethics and ethical values for dental hygiene students, it is necessary to approach education in a way that values understanding and application of dental hygiene practices, legal and ethical standards, ethical decision-making models, and ethical principles.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.269-287
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• 2023

The WGJ420 fire-resistant weathering (FRW) steel is developed and manufactured with standard yield strength of 420 MPa at room temperature, which is expected to significantly enhance the performance of steel structures with excellent fire and corrosion resistances, strong seismic capacity, high strength and ductility, good resilience and robustness. In this paper, the mechanical properties of FRW steel plates and buckling behavior of columns are investigated through tests at elevated temperatures. The stress-strain curves, mechanical properties of FRW steel such as modulus of elasticity, proof strength, tensile strength, as well as corresponding reduction factors are obtained and discussed. The recommended constitutive model based on the Ramberg-Osgood relationship, as well as the relevant formulas for mechanical properties are proposed, which provide fundamental mechanical parameters and references. A total of 12 FRW steel welded I-section columns with different slenderness ratios and buckling load ratios are tested under standard fire to understand the global buckling behavior in-depth. The influences of boundary conditions on the buckling failure modes as well as the critical temperatures are also investigated. In addition, the temperature distributions at different sections/locations of the columns are obtained. It is found that the buckling deformation curve can be divided into four stages: initial expansion stage, stable stage, compression stage and failure stage. The fire test results concluded that the residual buckling capacities of FRW steel columns are substantially higher than the conventional steel columns at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the numerical results show good agreement with the fire test results in terms of the critical temperature and maximum axial elongation. Finally, the critical temperatures between the numerical results and various code/standard curves (GB 51249, Eurocode 3, AS 4100, BS 5950 and AISC) are compared and verified both in the buckling resistance domain and in the temperature domain. It is demonstrated that the FRW steel columns have sufficient safety redundancy for fire resistance when they are designed according to current codes or standards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2010

Disasters have been diversifying and the scale of disaster has been increasing worldwide due to the global warming and urbanization. Consequently, it is essential to establish the systematic disaster management because the scale of damages has been rapidly increasing. Nowadays, the importance of the standardized disaster management have been realized internationally due to the 9.11 terror and Tsunami. Also, the activities of research and development to utilize and establish the disaster management standards have been increasing. This study mainly focused on generating an efficient operating manual to support the systematic disaster management of the central administration office based on disaster management standard in South Korea. Firstly, the activities and status of disaster management performed by the central administration office were investigated. Accordingly, libraries of work, functions, organizations, references and behavior for disaster management were designed. Then, a method to make the efficient operation manual based on the constructed libraries was presented to maximize the efficiency of disaster management. This emergency operation manual could support the systematic disaster management by defining the work, function, references and the codes of conduct. Thus, central administration office would be able to define methods and procedures from preparation to recovery through the utilization of the operation manual.