• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 1970

Several days after culture, the parts around suspensor turned brown. In about 10 days the embryo started to form protocorm sending out hairs through seed coat. Around 20 days after culture, most of the protocorms emerged out of seed coat and some of them began to take green color. When observed two months after culture, the protocorn took the characteristic top-shape feature.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1998

매니폴로 부분이 선형 경사진 옷걸이형 다이의 최적 설계를 수행하였다. 다이흐름을 3차원 이용하여 해석함으로써 정확한 최적 설계결과를 얻을수 있었으며 형상 최적화 과정을 고찰함으로써 최적 설계도구의 효율성을 조사하였다. 공정의여러 매개변수들이 매니폴드의 형상에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 멱법칙 유체의 멱법칙 지수, 다이 슬롯의 두께 및 매니폴드 각도를 변화시켜며 최적 설계를 수행하였다.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess whether Korean medicine doctors' attire influences patients' preference (confidence, comfortability, neatness) in a university hospital. Materials and Methods : Employing a cross-sectional design, outpatients answered a questionnaire in a university hospital of Korean Medicine. Respondents were asked for completing the questionnaire to estimate their preference of doctor's attire for confidence, comfortability and neatness after watching 4 types of attire in both male and female Korean medicine doctors, including white coat, traditional attire, formal suit and casual clothes. Whether Korean medicine doctors' attire on a patients' preference is important was also asked for the respondents using a 5-point Likert scale. Results : All 175 patients were enrolled, of whom 38.9% were male respondents, 46.3% graduated from a university at least and mean age of responders was 47.1. Most had a tendency for preferring white coat followed by traditional attire and only a small portion of respondents preferred for formal suit and casual clothes. When comparing preferences in confidence between white coat and traditional attire only, male patients preferred white coat more than female patients did with statistical significance. In addition, 85.4% of respondents answered that Korean medicine doctors' attire is important to a clinical situation with higher ratio of female respondents (87.9%) than male respondents (80.9%). Conclusion : Patients preferred white coat and traditional attire mostly for the Korean Medicine doctor's attire with only small preference for formal suit and casual clothes. Also, Patients recognized that Korean medicine doctors' attire is important in the clinical situation.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of fresh and frozen semen, proliferating efficiency by AI, and the coat color of offsprings in Korean Native Striped Cattle (Bos namadicus Falconer, Chikso). Semen were collected from 6 heads of tiger-coated male Chikso. In vitro fertilization (IVF) was conducted with frozen-thawed semen and in vitro matured Korean native brown cattle (general Hanwoo) oocytes. Total 18 heads of Hanwoo and Chikso were inseminated using Chikso semen. Coat colors of total 40 offsprings produced by AI were evaluated. The characteristics of the fresh and frozen-thawed Chikso semen did not differ among individuals. In vitro fertilization rate of Chikso semen was not different from that of general Hanwoo semen. However, developmental rate to the blastocyst stage of IVF embryos was higher in Chikso semen (25.9%) than in general Hanwoo semen (p<0.05). There was no difference in conception rate after AI between Chikso and general Hanwoo. The coat colors of offsprings varied, only 42.5% (17/40 heads) of offsprings had tiger coat color. Futhermore, only 55% of offsprings produced from the tiger-coated recipients had tiger coat color. This result shows that proliferation of Chikso by AI is possible, but further research approaches may be needed to enhance the productivity of tiger-coated Chikso.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2015

This research was conducted to establish efficient methods to overcome high temperature and low humidity with light selective shading agent and two-fluid fogging system in greenhouses in hot season. There were four experimental treatments; not treated (Non), fogging by two-fluid fogging system (Fog), spraying onto the greenhouse surface with shading coating agent (Coat), and using fogging and coating together (F&C). The amount of solar radiation entered into the greenhouses was higher in Non, and then Fog, Coat, and F&C in descending order. Fog was more efficient to lower the air temperature and also raise relative humidity than Coat treatment. The crop temperature was about $6^{\circ}C$ higher in Control than the other treatments. F&C revealed as the most efficient method to control the environment inside the greenhouse, but fogging system seemed to be more economic. In stand-alone greenhouses spraying coating agent may be the appropriate choice because of their structural limitations, mainly eave height.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

Anatomical features of seed coat were examined on Trollius, Calathodes, and Caltha of Ranunculaceae to evaluate the taxonomic circumscription of Megaleranthis saniculifolia, which is monotypic and endemic in Korea. Megaleranthis saniculifolia showed the exotestal type of seed coat exhibiting a well-developed palisade structure in exotesta and its external surface of exotesta cells was concave. On the other hand, the shape of exotesta cells in Caltha was cuboidal and the outer surface was smooth. The exotesta of Calathodes seeds was formed of the palisade structure like M. saniculifolia, but the outer surface of exotesta cells was smooth. The palisade structure was much better developed in the exotesta of Calathodes as well as Megaleranthis seeds than in the exotesta of Trollius seeds. The outer surface of exotesta cells in Trollius was either convex or concave according to the species examined. Since the genera of the subtribe Calthinae of the family display differences in seed sculpturing and the anaotmy of seed coat, these characteristics are useful to access taxonomic relationships among them. The morphological and anatomical features of seed coat suggest that Megaleranthis be possibly allied with Trollius rather than Caltha or Calathodes. Concave surface of seed coat cells and well-developed palisade structure of exotesta are shared by M. saniculifolia and some species of Trollius in common.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 1997

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) leads to a cause of poor crop productivity and quality. To solve this problem, we attempted to develop a virus-resistance tobacco plants by using viral coat protein (CP) gene. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing CMV CP gene were analysed by the resistance upon CMV infection. The virus-resistance was measured in $\textrm{T}_{1}$, generation by the inhibition of plant growth and the expression of the mosaic symptoms infected with CMV. The transgenic lines were divided into four groups: highly resistant, resistant, moderate and susceptible based on their growth and symptom severity. Out of 39 transgenic lines, 16 lines showed significant virus-resistance. And of resistant lines, 2 lines were designated highly resistant based on the facts that they achieved similar plant height to that of non-infected tobacco plants and showed lower disease symptom than that of other lines. The steady state level of CP RNA and coat protein level were measured by northern blot and immunoblot analysis. The CP RNA was highly accumulated in most resistant and moderate lines but barely detected in susceptible lines. The coat protein was detected in most lines regardless of their resistance to CMV. from this result, virus-resistance appeared to correlate more with CP RNA level than the level of coat protein. However, in two highly resistant lines, CP RNA level was unexpectedly low. This unexpected phenomenon need to be further investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.941-945
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• 2004

To increase utilities as functional materials, nine peanut varieties were evaluated on antioxidant activity and total phenol content. Peanut varieties were individually divided into three parts such as part without seed coat, seed coat, and seed. Each of the 80% ethanol-extracted solutions from the parts was used for the assay. Inhibitory activities on low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by the part without seed coat, seed coat, and seeds from 9 varieties were respectively 85.3∼91.0%, 77.4∼85.8%, -1.7∼46.1%, and those on linoleic acid oxidation were 94.0∼94.9%, 94.2∼95.0%, 69.4∼80.2%, respectively. Seed coats, parts without seed coat, and seeds from 9 peanut varieties showed scavenging activities as 88.3∼98.7%, 16.7∼56.3%, -28.0∼20.0% on superoxide anion radical and as 89.9∼90.8%, 6.0∼12.0%, 0.6∼2.1% on 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, respectively. Total phenol contents of seed coat, seed, and part without seed coat were 12.7∼21.0 mg%, 2.46∼4.24 mg%, 0.94∼1.16 mg% as tannic acid equivalent and those of Daekwang, Daesin, Bowon, Saedl, Kipung among the peanut varieties were comparatively high. In conclusion, Daekwang, Daesin, Kipung, and Saedl among the peanut varieties showed comparatively effective antioxidant activities.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.200-209
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• 2022

In this study, defects generated in the YSZ coating layer of the IN738LC turbine blade are investigated using an optical microscope and SEM/EDS. The blade YSZ coating layer is composed of a Y-Zr component top coat layer and a Co component bond coat layer. A large amount of Cr/Ni component that diffused from the base is also measured in the bond coat. The blade hot corrosion is concentrated on the surface of the concave part, accompanied by separation of the coating layer due to the concentration of combustion gas collisions here. In the top coating layer of the blade, cracks occur in the vertical and horizontal directions, along with pits in the top coating layer. Combustion gas components such as Na and S are contained inside the pits and cracks, so it is considered that the pits/cracks are caused by the corrosion of the combustion gases. Also, a thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer of several ㎛ thick composed of Al oxide is observed between the top coat and the bond coat, and a similar inner TGO with a thickness of several ㎛ is also observed between the bond coat and the matrix. A PFZ (precipitate free zone) deficient in γ' (Ni₃Al) forms as a band around the TGO, in which the Al component is integrated. Although TGO can resist high temperature corrosion of the top coat, it should also be considered that if its shape is irregular and contains pore defects, it may degrade the blade high temperature creep properties. Compositional and microstructural analysis results for high-temperature corrosion and TGO defects in the blade coating layer used at high temperatures are expected to be applied to sound YSZ coating and blade design technology.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1479-1488
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• 2022

Objective: This work was to determine coat inheritance and evaluate production performance for crossbred pigs from Berkshire×Chenghua (BC) compared with Chinese indigenous Chenghua (CH) pigs. Methods: The coat color phenotypes were recorded for more than 16,000 pigs, and the genotypes of melanocortin 1 receptor (MCIR) gene were identified by sequencing. The reproductive performance of 927 crossbred BC F4 gilts and 320 purebred CH gilts was recorded. Sixty pigs of each breed were randomly selected at approximately 60 days of age to determine growth performance during fattening period, which lasted for 150 days for BC pigs and 240 days for CH pigs. At the end of the fattening period, 30 pigs of each breed were slaughtered to determine carcass composition and meat quality. Results: The coat color of BC pigs exhibits a "dominant black" hereditary pattern, and all piglets derived from boars or sows genotyped E^D1 E^D1 homozygous for MC1R gene showed a uniform black coat phenotype. The BC F4 gilts displayed a good reproductive performance, showing a higher litter and tear size and were heavier at farrowing litter and at weaning litter than the CH gilts, but they reached puberty later than the CH gilts. BC F4 pigs exhibited improved growth and carcass characteristics with a higher average daily live weight gain, lower feed-to-gain ratio, and higher carcass lean meat rate than CH pigs. Like CH pigs, BC F4 pigs produced superior meat-quality characteristics, showing ideal pH and meat-color values, high intramuscular fat content and water-holding capacity, and acceptable muscle-fiber parameters. C18:1, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:2 were the main fatty acids in M. longissimus lumborum in the two breeds, and a remarkably high polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of ~0.39 was observed in the BC F4 pigs. Conclusion: The BC F4 pigs exhibit a uniform black coat pattern and acceptable total production performance.