Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
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Evaluation of coat color inheritance and production performance for crossbreed from Chinese indigenous Chenghua pig crossbred with Berkshire

  • Li, Yujing (Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University) ;
  • Yuan, Rong (Chengdu Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Protection Center) ;
  • Gong, Zhengyin (Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University) ;
  • Zou, Qin (Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University) ;
  • Wang, Yifei (Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University) ;
  • Tang, Guoqing (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhu, Li (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University) ;
  • Li, Xuewei (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University) ;
  • Jiang, Yanzhi (Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University)
  • Received : 2021.12.28
  • Accepted : 2022.03.02
  • Published : 2022.10.01
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Abstract

Objective: This work was to determine coat inheritance and evaluate production performance for crossbred pigs from Berkshire×Chenghua (BC) compared with Chinese indigenous Chenghua (CH) pigs. Methods: The coat color phenotypes were recorded for more than 16,000 pigs, and the genotypes of melanocortin 1 receptor (MCIR) gene were identified by sequencing. The reproductive performance of 927 crossbred BC F4 gilts and 320 purebred CH gilts was recorded. Sixty pigs of each breed were randomly selected at approximately 60 days of age to determine growth performance during fattening period, which lasted for 150 days for BC pigs and 240 days for CH pigs. At the end of the fattening period, 30 pigs of each breed were slaughtered to determine carcass composition and meat quality. Results: The coat color of BC pigs exhibits a "dominant black" hereditary pattern, and all piglets derived from boars or sows genotyped ED1 ED1 homozygous for MC1R gene showed a uniform black coat phenotype. The BC F4 gilts displayed a good reproductive performance, showing a higher litter and tear size and were heavier at farrowing litter and at weaning litter than the CH gilts, but they reached puberty later than the CH gilts. BC F4 pigs exhibited improved growth and carcass characteristics with a higher average daily live weight gain, lower feed-to-gain ratio, and higher carcass lean meat rate than CH pigs. Like CH pigs, BC F4 pigs produced superior meat-quality characteristics, showing ideal pH and meat-color values, high intramuscular fat content and water-holding capacity, and acceptable muscle-fiber parameters. C18:1, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:2 were the main fatty acids in M. longissimus lumborum in the two breeds, and a remarkably high polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of ~0.39 was observed in the BC F4 pigs. Conclusion: The BC F4 pigs exhibit a uniform black coat pattern and acceptable total production performance.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We thank the Qionglai Jialin Ecological Farm for animal experimental condition. This study was supported by the Key R&D Program of Sichuan Province (2020YFN0018) and Chengdu Local Good Varieties of Livestock and Poultry Resources Protection and Exploitation and Utilization of Construction Projects.

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