• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2007

Recently, coastal erosion has become an important issue in relation to keeping territorial integrity of a nation as well as protecting the coastal marine ecosystem. This study examines some apprehensions about the effectiveness of the existing legal system concerning prevention of coastal erosion. After examining several case studies in Scotland, the USA, and the Netherlands, this study proposes appropriate revisional legal measures that can be applied in Korea: first, the coastal management act should be revised for stronger, enforceable and practical legal grounds emphasizing minimal coastal erosion; second, the proposed "Comprehensive Coastal Erosion Prevention Plan" should be established and implemented in four steps such as characterization of issues through surveys of stakeholders and demand assessment, plan establishment, execution, and maintenance and management; third, there is a demand to establish and implement a legal framework to support monitoring activities which provide important data and information to prevent coastal erosion; fourth, the chronic region of damage is designated as the "Vulnerable Area" to be protected and managed accordingly; fifth, the "Coastal Coordination council" is established and operated for developing an integrated coastal management policy and visions for sustainable coastal zone, as well as coordinating and intervention of any activities which may cause coastal erosion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.246-256
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• 2021

Various development projects occurring on the coast cause an imbalance of surface sediments, causing coastal disasters or irreversible coastal erosion. Coastal erosion caused by the influence of various port structures built through coastal development can be directly identified by evaluating changes in the sediment budget, longshore sediment, and cross-shore sediment. In other words, it will be possible to evaluate the causality between coastal development and coastal erosion by classifying regions due to single cause and regions due to multiple causes according to the changes in the sediment classified into the three types mentioned above. In this study, the cause of long-term and continuous erosion was analyzed based on the analysis results of the coastal development history and the Coastal Erosion Monitoring targeting the coast of Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do on the east coast. In addition, in order to evaluate the degree of erosion caused by the construction of artificial coastal structures, the concept of erosion impact assessment was established, three methods were proposed for the impact assessment. The erosion impact of Hajeo port was assessed using the results of satellite image analysis presented in the Coastal Erosion Monitoring Report, it was assessed that the development of Hajeo port had an impact of 93.4% on erosion, and that of the coastal road construction had an impact of 6.6%.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.421-427
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• 2019

Coastal erosion is becoming a significant problem in Greece, Bangladesh, and globally. For the prevention and minimization of damage from coastal erosion, combinations of various structures have been used conventionally. However, most of these methods are expensive. Therefore, creating artificial beachrock using local ureolytic bacteria and the MICP (Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation) method can be an alternative for coastal erosion protection, as it is a sustainable and eco-friendly biological ground improvement technique. Most research on MICP has been confined to land ureolytic bacteria and limited attention has been paid to coastal ureolytic bacteria for the measurement of urease activity. Subsequently, their various environmental effects have not been investigated. Therefore, for the successful application of MICP to coastal erosion protection, the type of bacteria, bacterial cell concentration, reaction temperature, cell culture duration, carbonate precipitation trend, pH of the media that controls the activity of the urease enzyme, etc., are evaluated. In this study, the effects of temperature, pH, and culture duration, as well as the trend in carbonate precipitation of coastal ureolytic bacteria isolated from two coastal regions in Greece and Bangladesh, were evaluated. The results showed that urease activity of coastal ureolytic bacteria species relies on some environmental parameters that are very important for successful sand solidification. In future, we aim to apply these findings towards the creation of artificial beachrock in combination with a geotextile tube for coastal erosion protection in Mediterranean countries, Bangladesh, and globally, for bio-mediated soil improvement.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.947-956
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• 2016

This study analysed the documents of Sea Area Utilization Consultation of JongChun and ApHae located in West Coast of Korea and NaJeong located in East Coast of Korea in order to find out problems of site surveys and numerical simulations for coastal erosion projects of ocean physics, and suggested the improvement way to go. Current especially like wave-induced current is the one of the important external forces to handle coastal erosion but underestimated in the west coast. In case of east coast the various tests including wave-induced current were conducted but less efficient to find out the reasons of coastal erosion. The stiffness structure to protect coastal line like beach made the secondary erosion by using them without sufficient analysis for the erosion. In order to consult a Sea Area Utilization Consultation those are needed to review the scenarios for external forces such as wave and tidal currents, the site surveys for external forces, the net sediment analysis for years, the long periods of monitoring, and the guide line and revision of the rule for coastal erosion.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.436-441
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• 2020

Wave field changes resulting from artificial coastal structures constructed in coastal zones have emerged as a major cause of beach erosion, among other factors. The rates of erosion along the eastern coast of Korea have varied mainly owing to the construction of various ports and coastal structures; however, impact assessments of these structures on beach erosion have not been appropriately conducted. Thus, in this study, a methodology to assess the impact of erosion owing to the construction of artificial structures has been proposed, for which a parabolic bay shape equation is used in determining the shoreline angle deformation caused by the structures. Assuming that the conditions of sediment or waves have similar values in most coastal areas, a primary variable impacting coastal sediment transport is the deformation of an equilibrium shoreline relative to the existing beach. Therefore, the angle rotation deforming the equilibrium of a shoreline can be the criterion for evaluating beach erosion incurred through the construction of artificial structures. The evaluation criteria are classified into three levels: safety, caution, and danger. If the angle rotation of the equilibrium shoreline is 0.1° or less, the beach distance was considered to be safe in the present study; however, if this angle is 0.35° or higher, the beach distance is considered to be in a state of danger. Furthermore, in this study, the distance affected by beach erosion is calculated in areas of the eastern coast where artificial structures, mainly including ports and power plants, were constructed; thereafter, an impact assessment of the beach erosion around these areas was conducted. Using a proposed methodology, Gungchon Port was evaluated with caution, whereas Donghae Port, Sokcho Port, and Samcheok LNG were evaluated as being in a state of danger.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2009

Coastal vegetation consists of rooted flowering marine plants that provide a variety of ecosystem services to the coastal areas they colonize. The attenuation of currents and waves and sediment stabilization are often listed among these services. From this point of view, artificial seaweed is an effective method of controlling sea bed sediment and stabilization without damaging the landscape or the stability of the coastline. A series of hydraulic experiments were performed in a wave channel with regular and irregular waves to examine the effect of artificial seaweed in relation to scouring and beach erosion prevention. Based on the results of these experiments, the coastal vegetation model is efficient against scouring and beach erosion.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 2019

Coastal cities suffer a great deal of storm and wind damage. The storm and wind characteristics vary between cities. Therefore, a storm and wind damage management system suited for specific characteristics is required for each coastal city. In this study, we analyze the current situation and establish the problem of storm and wind damage management system in regards to urban management, coastal management and disaster management. We also review the storm and wind damage management system for the USA and Japan. We consequently propose a plan to improve the storm and wind damage management system. As a result of the study, in terms of city management, we recommend the compulsory identification of disaster prevention districts, implementation of the integrated coastal city management plan, designation of natural disaster risk mitigation area as disaster prevention district, the division of disaster prevention district into wind damage prevention district, storm damage prevention district, erosion damage prevention district, the building of restrictions at the disaster prevention district by ordinance, etc. In regards to coastal management, we suggest the delegation of authority to delegate coastal erosion management area to the local government, the subdivision of coastal erosion management area into erosion serious area, erosion progress area, erosion concern area, the building restrictions at coastal erosion management area by ordinance, development of erosion prediction chart, etc. In relation to disaster management, we recommend the integration of "countermeasures against natural disasters act" and "disasters and safety management basic act", the local government-led disaster prevention system, the local disaster management network, and the customized local disaster prevention plan, etc.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.657-672
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• 2016

Coastal erosion happens frequently in many different types. To control coastal erosion zone effectively and establish response plans, we need to accumulate data indicating topography changes through monitoring the erosion situation continuously. UAV photogrammetric systems, which can fly autonomously at a low altitude, are recommended as an economical and precision means to monitor the coastal zones. In this study, we aim to verify the accuracy of the generated orthoimages and DEM as a result of processing the UAV data of a coastal zone by comparing them with various reference data. We established a verification routine and examined the possibilities of applying the UAV photogrammetric systems to monitoring coastal erosion by checking the analyzed accuracy by the routine. As a result of verifying the generated the geospatial information from acquired data under various configurations, the horizontal and vertical accuracy (RMSE) were about 2.7 cm and 4.8 cm respectively, which satisfied 5 cm, the accuracy required for coastal erosion monitoring.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2024

The aggravation of coastal erosion due to climate change has recently emerged as a global issue, and the international community is aware of the risk and is applying national consultations and various policies. In the case of coastal countries located in the Mediterranean Sea and the Caribbean Sea, coastal buffer zones and coastal management plans are established at a national level, and the United States is establishing coastal area management plans at the city level. In Korea, coastal erosion management areas are designated and managed to prevent coastal erosion and coastal disasters, but the number of designated areas and policies for coastal land areas are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we study policy cases applied to coastal land to prevent and reduce coastal erosion and coastal disasters through policy status and overseas cases, and seek ways to improve coastal buffer zone policies. As a result of the study, implications were drawn that expansion of the coastal buffer zone for coastal land areas and standards for establishing buffer zones based on scientific analysis are necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.101-103
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• 1995

Beaches and low-tying coastal areas have been seriously eroding at many places along the global coastlines during the past century. The coastal erosion problem during the next century is said to be potentially worse due to the sea-level rise by global warming. Coastal erosion, whatever the time scale is, is the result as a response of land to oceanic, atmospheric, and human impacts. (omitted)