• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.629-635
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• 2009

Collapses of cutting area have frequently occurred due to heavy rainfall caused by the recent unusual weather patterns. Collapses of cutting area have the most crucial influence on the damaged property and casualties. Therefore, formulating and preparing an effective measures and control system is urgent. For this reason, in this study, we researched formation investigation method of location-based cutting area for an efficient management of cutting area. We conducted comparative and analytic research on the hand GPS method and DGPS method which is GPS augmentation system, using SBAS signals. The results of the research showed that there was difficult in discerning the accurate shape of cutting area when the existing method was used; however, the detecting the shape of four sides and accurate location was possible when DGPS was used. Consequently, it is possible to establish a preventive measures for cutting area, which considers the condition of the surrounding environment of cutting area because the polygon based management of incision cliff is attainable, apart from the existing control point based approach.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 1998

This study investigated the relationship between parental abuse and maladjustment per ceived by middle school student. The subjects were 448 middle school students in Kwangju. The main results of this study were as follows ; 1. There were found significant differences according to background variables in parental abuse and maladjustment. Physical abuse was found significantly different according to gender of the child and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, but emotional abuse was found significantly different according to job of the father and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents. And, neglect was found significantly different according to educational level of the father and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents. Social withdrawal was found significantly cliff erent according to gender of the child, family income and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, but hyperactivity was found significantly different according to gender of the child and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents. Agression and retreat were found significantly different according to gender of the child and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents. Obsessive-compulsion was found significantly different according to unreasonable_ rearing behavior of the parents. 2.There were significantly positive correlation between parental abuse and maladjustment. 3. The findings of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that neglect, physical abuse, family income, gender of child were found to be important variables in predicting social with drawal. Neglect, unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, phsical abuse, gender of child were found to be important variables in predicting hyperactivity. Neglect, emotional abuse, and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be important varialbes in predicting aggression. Gender of the child. emotional abuse, and unreasonable reanng behavior. of the parents were found to be important variables in predicting retreat. And, unreasonable rearlng behavior of the parents. neglect. and physical abuse were f ouod to be Importan variabJes in predicting obsessive-compulsion.lsion.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.517-529
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• 2005

Mt. Apsan is well known to be one of the most popular tourist sites around Daegu. Annually, more than 16 million persons visit Mt. Apsan. Although, in the mountain there are varieties of geomorphic and geological resources, there has been less concern to utilize the resources for geo-tourism. For example, there are about 10 valleys within Mt. Apsan and various landforms are scattered around the valleys. In this context, this study, based on field surveys centering around Gosangol valley, Anjiranggol valley and Dalbigol valley, focuses on exploring ways towards developing Mt. Apsan as an example geo-tourist site. The main findings are as follows: 1) The main landforms of Mt. Apsan include river cliff, cavern, free face, mud crack, ripple mark, fold, sheeting joint, talus, alluvial fan, pot hole, fault line, gnamma, columnar joint and metamorphic rock. 2) The guide notes on the landforms are developed. 3) In order to raise a learning effect of visitors on geomorphic resources, 9 nature trails are designed according to valleys and the length of visitor's stay.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2007

This study investigated the growth pattern and species composition by landform and seaside distribution to evaluate the basic community structure and topographical distribution of the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. community group in Korea. The appearing plants with the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. were a total 170 taxa belonging to 130 genera and to 57 families, and the species number by families was the most in Compositae of 30 taxa. The frequency of appearing plants was the highest in the Aster spathulifolius Max.(54.1%), and the east and west seasides were the highest in the Aster spathulifolius Max. and south seaside was the highest in the Miscanthus sinensis Ander.. The ratio of common plants among seasides was the highest between the west and south seasides of 35.6% with 47 taxa. The distribution landforms of the Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. was a $17.4^{\circ}$ slope of the unevenness landform, vertical joint, horizontal joint, blockfield, planation surfaces and the rocky seaside of the sea cliff. The distribution among landforms was the greatest in the rocky seaside of the 61 regions. The sociability on growing pattern was the highest in the 3 sociability rank of 54.6% with the 83 region.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.873-884
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• 2013

This study was carried out to establish the conservation plan of specific plants by surveying and analyse the individuals and the environment of habitats on specific plants designated by Juwangsan national park office. The specific plants were 14 species including Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Hylotelephium ussuriense, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Lilium cernuum, Thalictrum coreanum, Exochorda serratifolia, Lilium distichum, Aristolochia contorta, Jeffersonia dubia, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Salix chaenomeloids, Eranthis stellata, Scopolia japonica, and Paeonia japonica. The habitats of specific plants were 40 sites including Berchemia berchemiaefolia of 11 sites, Hylotelephium ussuriense of 8 sites, Lilium cernuum and Thalictrum coreanum of each 3 sites, Exochorda serratifolia of 2 sites, and Lilium distichum, Aristolochia contorta, Jeffersonia dubia, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Salix chaenomeloids, Eranthis stellata, Scopolia japonica and Paeonia japonica of each 1 site. The altitude was the most in 300~400 m. In direction, NW was the most, and it showed SW in that order. The slope angle was the most in 0~10%, and the cliff showed in that order. In the results of species composition by stratum layer, Berchemia berchemiaefolia had the most, 15 species, in tree layer. In shrub and herb layer, this had the most as 20 species and 29 species, too. The species that occupied the largest size was Salix chaenomeloids in 2,500 $m^2$, and Jeffersonia dubia showed 1,500 $m^2$ in that order. The conservation of specific plants is to accomplish the ex situ and in situ conservation at the same time.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.233-250
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• 2010

Jukseoru as an official pavilion of the government, one of the eight sceneries in Gwndong Area, is located on the cliff over Osipcheon River. This paper interprets form and space of the pavilion with restored old life by analyzing pictures of official party in 18th century in Chosun Dynasty. Every part of the space is occupied by persons by the class and duty: the pricipal guest, nobles, subordinates, gisaengs, court musicians, and guards from the high to the low and from the inside to the outside. Applying the analysis to the Jukseoru pavilion, the noblest lord takes sit on the platform in front of folded screen at main bay under checked ceiling, enclosed by low timber beam. The next northern end bay is a place for subordinates' and servants' waiting for preparation for rice wine. Southern end entrance bay is not a result of later addition but deliberately and originally made for lower place outside the railing of wooden floor: for a waiting woman gisaeng, and subordinates. Outside under the eaves on the platform with bedrock, artificial stone and soil is a place for court musicians, subordinates, and guards. The yard in front of the building is a place for preparing meals by cookers. Every detailed ornamental form is different each other by the place for the occupied class. Existing theory tells that the building, 7 bays gable-and-hipped roof, is a result of structural extention of 2 bays at the 5 bays gabled-roof. However, through the interpretation of old pictures and application to the pavilion, the present Juseoru is not a result of later structural addition, but deliberately designed creation suited to life in hierarchical traditional society.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.400-410
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• 2015

Juniperus chinensis (Cupressaceae) is a valuable woody plant resource, but this rare plant is only distributed in restricted regions in Korea. In this study, we surveyed the geographic distribution regions, variation of sex ratio and the dynamics of natural populations of J. chinensis. in order to establish conservation strategies for the sustainable conservation of this important resource tree. The 17 natural populations of J. chinensis are restrictively distributed in the shore cliffs of (1) Ulleungdo island, (2) Gyeongju-si to Gangneung-si of the eastern coast, the riverside cliff along (3) Donggang-river of Jungsun-gun and Pyeongchang-gun and (4) branch of Nakdonggang-river in Uiseong-gun. The populations in Ulleungdo island showed continuous population distribution of over 200 individuals, but populations in other regions had discontinuous population distribution of under 200. The population of J. chinensis surveyed in Korea was estimated in ca. 3,200 individuals. The sex ratio (male/female) among populations of J. chinensis was diverse with variation from 0.46~1.67 range, but showed no significance. The sex ratio of the total individuals by species level was 0.74, and the percentage of female tree was significantly higher than the male. The results of dynamics analysis within population among regions showed that seedlings and saplings of J. chinensis in three regions surveyed were continuously regenerating. The distribution of DBH class showed a stable population structure of inverse J shape graph, but fragmentation and decrease in populations because of invading broad-leaved shrubs and trees from the surroundings were concerned. Further studies, and in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for the sustainable conservation on natural populations of this rare resources woody plant, J. chinensis in Korea are recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.28-35
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• 2010

'Byeolseo(別墅)' means a kind of building that is built where is separated from main house. From the results of our field investigation, we could see that every type of the Jungja(亭子) a kind of Byeolseo-building in Gyoungnam Province. And the types of building plan found are center-focused room, eccentric room, seperated room, and the one without room. And also, we could find that the most representative location type of Byeolseo is on the hill where the cliff is on the riverside. That is, both waterscape and rockscape play an important role in the composition of landscape treatment of Byeolseo in Gyoungnam Province. In waterscape, "waterfall+swamp+fast-flowing stream" structure which is connected with river or mountain stream is found prominently, and in the case of rockscape, bedrocks, boulders, and Dae(臺) that are present in nature are used prevalently rather than an artificial hill or disposing rocks on purpose. Treating and disposing landscape of Byeolseo in Gyoungnam Province, the perspective view(average perspective distance is 5.6km) and several axes of view are used.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2009

We carried out the effect verification of conservation treatment focusing on basement rock of alkali granite at the Yukjonbul (two-pairs of Buddha Triads) carved on rock cliff of Samneung valley in Namsan mountain of Gyeongju. The conservation treatments were used to ethylsilicate-type rock consolidant and epoxy-type resin. It is treatment method that the epoxy-type resin have been applied one time into the exfoliation area, after rock consolidation treatment have been worked for three times. As the result of measuring ultrasonic velocity, P-wave velocity of the exfoliation area was relatively increased after applied the conservation treatments. The ultrasonic velocity of all area was increased as 27.8%. This result has been proved with consolidation effects by consolidant and filler for stone cultural heritages. The treatment method should be worked about three time to consolidate sufficiently for rocks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine potential as a geological field course of Odongdo located to the east of Yeosu city, Korea. The total area and the height from the sea level of Odongdo is about 0.13km2 and 42m, respectively. Odongdo area belongs to the Hallyeohaesang National Marine Park, and is famous for rock scenery in the rocky coast and living of rare plants. For this study, diversity of geomorphology and geology was investigated at the sites called as dragon cave, windy area, seal rocks, sunrise viewing platform, second seashore rocks and first seashore rocks along the coast of Odongdo. The results of this study are as follows: A lot of geomorphological and geological resources like sea cliff, sea cave, strata, various sedimentary rocks(conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone), andesite, fault and examples of rock weathering were found in the rocky coast of the study area. These field resources are pertinent to the field work materials for the teaching and learning of geology units in elementary school science. Odongdo is to be recommended as a site of outdoor geological field course for the elementary school students inhabited in Yeosu city and neighborhood area because each site of the rocky coast in this study area has various field work materials and the wide space for observe activities, and is equipped with the facilities as a trail for rock observation.