• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.716-721
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate the serum cholesterol level of patients who visited Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University to predict stroke, in Korea. In the time of period June 15th 2009 to June 20th 2009, 45 patients visited Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University to check the risk of stroke. We checked their blood to find out the serum cholesterol level and investigated their past history according to Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Male has higher risk of coronary heart disease than the female. The average of the total serum cholesterol of the participants was lower than the average of Korean. The percentage of the participants who have less HDL-cholesterol than 40 mg/dL was 33.3% and this result is less than the average percentage of Korean. Only 8.9% of the participants were placed in group who need to use lipid-lowering drug to reduce the lipoprotein density. Checking the characters of the person is necessary to use lipid-lowering drugs. This study can be the baseline data of actual condition of serum cholesterol level.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2019

Fermented milk has been developed with its functionalities, and its health-promoting ability has been spotlighted due to its relationship with diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and gut microbiota. As national burden of cardiovascular disease increases over time, there is a need to prevent hypercholesterolemia. To achieve that, gut microbiota, which is altered by host's diet and environment, plays important roles in lowering cholesterol in the blood. Moreover, fermented milk may be effective as a cholesterol-lowering agent by altering gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota may alter not only functions of the fermented milk but also bio-accessibility of functional materials. These results suggested that gut microbiota composition influences the impact of fermented milk. Thus, we should understand how functional materials are degraded by gut microbiota and absorbed into the gut.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.674-678
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• 2006

To investigate the anti-obesity and cholesterol-lowering effects of germinated brown rice (GBR), male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups and fed with high fat and cholesterol diets for 5 weeks; control group fed with experimental diet, rice group fed with diet containing 50% rice, brown rice group fed with diet containing 50% brown rice and GBR group fed with diet containing 50% GBR. All groups showed no significant difference in body weight, but the GBR group showed the lowest value in body weight, $471.2{\pm}17.8\;g$. Body weight gain and FER of GBR group, $310.6{\pm}14.7\;g$ and $41.8{\pm}2.0%$, respectively, were also lower than those of other groups. Blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels of the GBR group were $54.0{\pm}23.4\;mg/dL$ and $64.8{\pm}14.7\;mg/dL$, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of rice groups and were the lowest values among the experimental groups. The weights of epididymal and kidney fat of GBR group also showed the lowest values compared to other groups. The liver total lipid and total cholesterol of the GBR group, $216.3{\pm}35.7\;mg/g$ liver and $16.5{\pm}0.7\;mg/g$ liver, respectively, were lower than those of other groups, and total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride of GBR group showed the same results. These results suggest that GBR diet reduces body weight and fat gain, and has cholesterol-lowering effect.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.726-732
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• 2020

Indonesian kefir grains are potential sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that may act as probiotics with specific functional properties. In this study we explored the potential of the probiotic and cholesterol-lowering effect of LAB isolated from Indonesian kefir grains obtained from Bogor, Bandung, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta. The results revealed that 10 isolates showed considerable survivability at low pH and bile salt with total cell reduction of ~3 log colony-forming units per milliliter after exposure to pH 2.5 and 0.5% (w/v) bile salt for 1 and 3 h, respectively. All strains exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria and were sensitive to a wide spectrum of antibiotics but exhibited weak bile salt hydrolase activity. Identification based on 16S RNA suggested that nine isolates were Lactobacillus kefiri and one was Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The ability of the isolates to reduce cholesterol from the media varied, ranging from 22.08% to 68.75% with the highest reduction shown by L. kefiri JK17. The ability to remove cholesterol from the media decreased greatly in resting and dead cells, ranging from 14.58% to 22.08% in resting cells and from 7.89% to 18.17% in dead cells. It can be concluded that Indonesian kefir grains contain LAB potentially acting as probiotics capable of reducing cholesterol. The cholesterol-lowering effect especially occurs when the cells are metabolically active.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1041-1047
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of chemical and sensory properties and cholesterol lowering effect of milk treated with $\beta$-cyclodextrin to reduce cholesterol and supplemented with evening primrose oil (EPO). The average cholesterol removal rate was 93.5%. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) absorbance increased proportionally to storage period and amount of EPO addition. TBA absorbance was significantly different in the EPO-added groups from that in unadded groups in all periods. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) increased with longer period of storage. From 6 days of storage, the amounts of short-chain FFA in 6 and 10% EPO-added groups were significantly different from other groups. The scores for all sensory characteristics indicated that sensory quality decreased with both storage time and increasing amount of EPO. Oxidative off-flavor and off-taste were more intense with higher amounts of EPO addition and longer storage period. Also, the higher the amount of EPO addition, the lower overall scores throughout the 15 day storage. Feeding 10% EPO-supplemented cholesterol-reduced milk increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) in male Sprague-Dawley rats by 76%, which is significantly different from the control (27%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.200-205
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• 2000

Ethanol extract of Alpiniae Katsumadaii semen inhibited potently cholesterol esterase activity in vitro. Chloroform fraction of ethanol extract showed the stronger inhibitory effect than other solvent fractions-ethylacetate fraction, butanol fraction, and aqueous fraction. The chloroform frac ion of Alpiniae katsumadaii semen were studied as a candidator of plasma cholesterol lowering material in high cholesterol-fed rats. In high cholesterol-fed rats, the diet with chloroform fraction of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg lowered not only plasma neutral lipids contents 25.9% and 26.5% but also plasma total cholesterol level 11.8% and 20.8%, respectively. Plasma HDL-cholesterol level and Atherogenic Index(AI) in Alpiniae chloroform fraction-fed rats were recovered as those level of normal rats.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1999

We previously showed that a methanol extract of Paeoniae radix decreased total cholesterol level in rats with hyperlipidemia. In order to isolate the active ingredient(s), the methanol extract of Paeoniae radix was fractionated with chloroform/methanol(4:1) solution and isolate into soluble part and insoluble part of the the methanol extract. Above two parts were tested on the experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats for the lowering effect of serum lipoprotein contents. Hyperlipidemia was induced on male Wistar rats by feeding high choleserol diet for 7 days. After oral administration of above samples for 4 weeks, serum lipid profile was verified on these rats by measuring total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The chloroform/methanol(4:1) soluble part and insolule part showed lowering activity of total cholesterol level and triglyceride level at 4 week point significantly(p<0.01 and p<0.05) compare with the control group and the soluble part was more effective.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.702-708
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• 2005

Cholesterol-lowering effect of pine nut on mice was investigated by examining changes in body weight, feed intake, and triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density liporotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) contents in mice plasma. Changes in body weight and feed intake between pre-designed experimental animal groups fed various contents of cholesterol and pine nut and control group fed basal diet were not significantly different. Food efficiency ratio of experimental groups fed higher than 10% pine nut was significantly higher than that of control group. Apparent differences in atherogenic index representing cholesterol-lowering effect in plasma were not found among all groups fed 0-20% pine nut. Inhibition activities of water and hexane extracts of pine nut on HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol esterase were examined in vitro. Hexane extract showed 66% inhibition effect on HMG-CoA reductase, whereas none was observed with water extract.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.106-112
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• 2002

Ethanol extract of Cinnamomi cortex inhibited potently cholesterol esterase activity in vitro. Chloroform fraction of ethanol extract showed the stronger inhibitory effect than other solvent fractions - ethylacetate fraction, butanol fraction, and aqueous fraction. The chloroform fraction of Cinnamomi cortex was studied as a candidator of plasma cholesterol-lowering material using high cholesterol-fed rats. In high cholesterol-fed rats, the diet with chloroform fraction of 150 mg/kg lowered not only plasma neutral lipids contents 25.1% but also plasma total cholesterol level 49.6% than only high cholesterol diet. Plasma HDL-cholesterol level in Cinnamomi cortex chloroform fraction-fed rats was recovered as those level of normal rats. LD$_{50}$ of Cinnamomi chloroform extract was calculated as 1,300 mg/kg.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of Lumbricus pharmacopuncture (LP) on the lipid lowering, anti-oxidative activity and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rat fed high fat diet. Methods : Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks and experimental groups were divided into 4 groups as follows : Control, Lumbricus Jungwan ($CV_{12}$) pharmacopuncture (T I), Lumbricus Joksamni ($ST_{36}$) pharmacopuncture (T II), Lumbricus Jungwan ($CV_{12}$) and Joksamni ($ST_{36}$) pharmacopuncture (T III). Results : The levels of plasma FFA, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, TBARS, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ and liver total cholesterol, TG, TBARS, SOD, catalase, IL-6 in more than one LP group were significantly lower than those of Control groups. The level of IL-10 in one of LP groups was significantly higher than that of Control group. Conclusions : As the results were shown, LP treatment have considerable effects on lipid lowering, anti-oxidative activity and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rat fed high fat diet.