• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.63-77
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes and the characteristics of the attitudes toward children and spaces provided for them. by analyzing people's daily lives in housing spaces and architects' floor plans between the 1920s and the 1960s. Different kinds of data were obtained from a variety of early literature, research reports, newspaper articles, historical documents, and magazines from the period. Findings of this study are as follows: 1. Before modernization in Korea, children had been regarded as immature persons. Confucian ideas of children viewed them as 'small adults' or 'immature adults.' Thus spaces for children's daily lives were neither differentiated from those of the adults' nor deemed important. However, since the Western invasions and colonization by Japan, a remarkable change in the attitudes toward children took place. Children began to be considered a hope for the future as well as members of modem families. In addition, the introduction of the new word, 'eorini (children),' by Mr. Bang Jeonghwan, brought about a significant change in social consciousness of children. 2. The appearance of 'adongshil (children's room)' on architects' floor plans, which was a result of the social critique against androcentrism during the l930s and 1940s, was highly meaningful. The new floor plans not only emphasized rationalization of the space but also upgraded the children's status in the family. 3. Since the liberation (1945), children's space was differentiated from parental spare by the introduction of private rooms and shared spaces. The privacy of each generation was expressed by the division, and the generations were considered equal in this space distribution. In conclusion, the appearance of children's rooms required conflict-laden changes of social ideals and of the family system. It also was a symbol of modernization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.227-230
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• 2007

The expansion of open education and the 7th revision of educational curriculum have brought big changes in the school facilities. In response to the integrated curriculum for the first and second grades of elementary school, various plans, such as open classroom, expanded classroom size, and the installation of multi-purpose space, have been attempted. However, such plans have appeared in the form of an open classroom--a uniform spatial composition. As a result, a plan for unit learning space to support the educational curriculum and activities for low grade levels is still insufficient. In the case of advanced countries, a lot of studies on space are being actively conducted to develop the creativity of children and to facilitate free-style learning, and such space is actually applied to a real educational environment. Therefore, this study will analyze the spatial composition of unit learning space for low grade level elementary schools in Korea. From the cases of advanced countries, a more concrete proposal will be suggested to diversify unit learning space for low grade levels.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.167-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide basic guidelines for qualitatively advanced children facilities and spaces in grand bookstores. The main concept is considered with a situation that grand bookstores of large corporations are increasing in quantity, but their social missions for the user are often being connived. The study is peformed by research of current six domestic grand bookstores, two branches of each three large corporations, larger than 2,500py in Seoul, and the research is applied to Murtha's User Benefit Criteria as a basic format. As a result of the research, some problems to be improved are detected in ways of behavioral facilitation, physiological maintenance, perceptual maintenance, and social facilitation, therefore findings in survey turned out to be parents' dissatisfaction in many aspects. Finally, with this result, it is desirable for interior designers to reflect the indicated insufficient elements to their following children's bookstore space design for the user, children and their parents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.119-124
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide basic guidelines for qualitatively advanced children's facilities and spaces in grand bookstores. The main concept is considered with a situation that grand bookstores of large corporations are increasing in quantity, but their social missions for the user are often being connived. The study is performed by research of current six domestic grand bookstores, two branches of each three large corporations, larger than 2,500py in Seoul, and the research is applied to Murtha's User Benefit Criteria as a basic format. As a result of the research, some problems to be improved are detected in ways of behavioral facilitation, physiological maintenance, perceptual maintenance, and social facilitation, therefore findings in survey turned out to be parents' dissatisfaction in many aspects. Finally, with this result, it is desirable for interior designers to reflect the indicated insufficient elements to their following children's bookstore space design for the user, children and their parents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to figure out the differences in children's 'sense of place' followed by their development stages and to suggest a positive space design of school suited by their development. Haeng-Hyeon Elementary school was selected as the target area. The research methods of this study were based on drawing the cognitive map and a questionnaire survey. Through the cognitive map, children's development stages were determined. Also, through an awareness assessment, the places where the children had deep recognition were extracted. The questionnaires were based on knowing the places where children create their 'sense of place' and its reasons. The sense of place development factors are comprehended as physical factor, behavioral factor and psychological factor based on Relph(1976). The results were organized into a guide which has to be considered when designing an elementary school, sorted by adequate space responding to children's development stages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.137-140
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• 1999

Children usually have an endless curiosity. They sometimes show us some fanciful, various and unpredictable behaviors and they are always in need of enough space to play in, no matter where it might be. Designers have to provide children with a proper space in which they feel free to diffuse their aspirations. Three samples of apartment site in Cheongju city were selected in order to satisfy the purpose of this survey. To figure out the actual use of playground, the extent of preference and satisfaction and the requests for future betterment, this study used questionnaires, photos, interviews and observations. The conclusions of this survey are as follows and it may be expected that the results suggest a kind of guidance for designing playground on apartment sites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.66-71
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems that a current day care center has by analyzing the space arrangement, and to come up with the suggestion that would improve the arrangement along with the interior design of the day care center by studying the usage of materials, colors, lightings and furniture. The result of this study to follow problems were identified. 1. Classrooms also served as sleeping areas, therefore those two areas needed to be separated. 2. The kitchen was too small for the number of children. So they need separated kitchen and dining room. 3. The day care center remodeled from the ordinary house was wrose than other facilities in material, color pattern and design for child-care. 4. A lot of fluorescent light and bulb were used without enough windows to let natural sunlight in. 5. The restroom was so small that it caused uncomfortability to children. Based on the problems above, we could reach to a following conclusion. Use of primary colors could brighten the image of a room, and feature or creative arrangement of furniture may make it intriguing. With the increase in the expectation and attention to the young kids, the facilities should change according to them and be designed for the children. It is needed to study about whether the space and the elements of the emotional image were applied properly.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.228-239
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• 2012

This study aims to propose the improvement direction of spatial organization of orphanage facilities by reflecting the international trend of child welfare facilities including 'enhancement of habitability', 'opening to the local community' and 'multi-functionality' on the basis of ideas of 'right of housing' and 'normalization'. Orphanage facilities are evolving from 'facilities' to accommodate unfortunate children to the concept of the 'community-care', and the residential space is also rapidly shifting to 'cottage' type resembling a residential type of ordinary family so as to enhance the self-esteem and relationship. To suggest the future-oriented changeability of current orphanage facilities, the present study conducted a nationwide survey of child welfare facilities and four Visiting researches of cottage type orphanage with different locations to investigate the appropriateness of housing type, organization of common use space, mode of management and facilities criteria. The results of this study are following: 1) For enhancement of habitability it is suggested that cottage type with various plans in the form of ordinary housing is appropriate, that the number of children per cottage is six or so, and that the number of less than two or three children per room is recommended. At the same time the adjustment of facilities criteria, simplified or complex, is suggested to support a similar residence pattern to ordinary home. 2) Specialized programs must be introduced to establish a base of welfare-network for community children according to features of location and a complex management must be sought in the connection with neighboring public facilities. 3) To secure the residential environment and quality of life for children, the concept of a simple playground space by the current facilities criteria must be broken away to reinforce the network of various outdoor spaces closely connected with living space.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.143-148
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• 2002

Residential indoor space is a major living setting for young children where multi-dimension at development can be expected through the interaction with items and components of the environment. The physical environment and attributes have been, however, relatively ignored. Especially during last several decades of housing development, residential units have been produced without accurate understanding of residents' material possession. To better design living environments, especially, a life setting for children, this research focused on finding out the characteristics of living items which belong to and are used by children.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.183-191
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• 2014

Children stage is an important period the foundation of growth is accomplished. During the period, children are the most sensitive to environmental effects and experiences and interactions with surroundings can make lots of effects on their physical and cognitive development. Under the background of the above contents, a representative institution of the society, which is helpful to cultivate children's reading habit, will be children library. The purposes of this research are to analyze intensively reading room among the children library's spatial organization and compare/analyze cases of children library's reading room with the elements of interior environment. The methods of research are theory study and case study. Through the on-the-site visiting and shooting, interior environment design was investigated and then, it was arranged, analyzed and evaluated. Cases were analyzed by elements of interior environment design evaluation. As the result, comfort was the highest and variety was the lowest. Especially, Songpa children library showed various factors generally through the various designs. 7 evaluative elements of children library's reading room were mutually different, but there was a certain different in relation of them. Especially, variety and flexibility must be more strengthened. So, children can interests and joy in reading room various designs are requested by getting out of library's uniformed furniture and arrangement plan.