• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.41-60
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in multicultural early childhood teaching activities according to the general characteristics of early childhood teachers, to analyze the relationships and effects of early childhood teachers' happiness, variables of attitudes toward the teaching profession, and variables of multicultural teaching, and ultimately to identify variables related to early childhood teachers that explain multicultural early childhood teaching activities. For this study, 270 teachers in charge of young children from multicultural families at early childhood education institutions were sampled. When the 'age' variable, which might affect multicultural teaching activities, was excluded and the relationships among early childhood teachers' variables as independent variables were analyzed, happiness and obsessive passion were found to have an effect on multicultural teaching activities. These findings suggest that early childhood teachers' happiness and passion for teaching needs to be enhanced as an effort to set the direction of multicultural education fit for the characteristics of Korea in the field of early childhood education, where the foundation of culture is laid and prejudices are easily formed.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 2017

This study was conducted to analyze the level of happiness, teachers' efficacy and job satisfaction of early childhood special education teachers and determine the correlations between the variables. For the purpose, we conducted a questionnaire survey with 179 early childhood special education teachers working at the day care centers for the children with disabilities and the special school kindergartens in B city. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the level of happiness, teachers' efficacy and job satisfaction of early childhood special education teachers according to their backgrounds such as age, teaching career, type of organization, educational background. Also, A positive correlation among happiness, teachers' efficacy and job satisfaction of early childhood special education teachers were found in this study. Finally, discussions of the results as well as implications of the study were provided.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.193-217
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate and suggest directions and assignments of elementary school counseling based on positive psychology. For this purpose, the goal, contents, techniques and effects of counseling based on positive psychology were examined. Based on this review, the suggested implications for directions and assignments of elementary school counseling as follows; In connection with the directions of elementary school counseling, first, it was suggested that problem-focused counseling approaches centered a small number of problem children should be changed to strength based counseling approaches facilitating all children's whole development, happiness and well-being. Second, it was suggested that continuous and systematic counseling helps should be served to all children so that they can aware, experience and use their character strengths in their all lives at the inside and outside of their school. In connection with the assignments of elementary school counseling, first, increasing children's understanding on happiness, developing counseling programs for enhancing happiness and verifying their effects were discussed. Second, developing effective applying plans of positive counseling techniques and verifying their effects were discussed. Finally, making researches on our children's character strengths and interventions for developing their character strengths were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.563-580
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• 1974

A Study of the Emotionality of Child and Mother The purpose of this study is primarily to understand the emotional climate of child and mother, which is a significant factor in child study and the home life. A sample was collected from a total of 1,592 of whom 796 are elementary school children with their mothers. Of these 796 children 440 are fom private schools, 190 from public schools in Seoul. The rest are taken from a farming area, 100 kilometers from Seoul. The data was basically obtained through answers to a questionaire distributed in September 1973. In this study, the cross-sectional method, percentage calculation and chi-square test are adapted from factor analysis. With this limited amount of data special attention now, the following conclusions can be drawn from this analysis although special attention should be given in making any kind of generalization about the entire population. 1) Children's emotionality (a) There is a higher percentage of emotionally well-adjusted children as opposed to maladjusted children.(51%>11%) (b) There is no correlation between children's emotionality and the following factors: grade, sex, residential area, school records, and educational level of their mothers. 2) Mother's Emotionality (a) There are more mothers who consider themselves happy than unhappy.(49%>2%) On the other hand a higher percentage of mothers reported feelings of tension and insecurity as compared to those who had feelings of firm security(65%>5%) (b) There is a high correlationshionship between marital adjustment and marital happiness. In other words, the more adjusted, the happier. A high marital happiness has strong influence on the preference of sex, on children's adjustment to their friends, and their present living condition. (c) There is a close relationship between a high marital adjustment and the social development of a child: being fond of fathers, homelife, and the acquaintance with many friends. In the same way, the positive emotionality of a mother in raising her children and their school records are also important. 3) Emotional relationship between a mother and her chid There is a close bond of love and respect between a mother and her child. Moreover, a high frequence of close and open-minded communication exist between them in a family. It is evident that the emotional climate of the mother has a strong and powerful influence on her child.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.201-214
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• 2017

Objective: This study is to examine the associations between fathers' values and future expectations on children and their self-evaluated equivalence to their spouses in child rearing practices. Methods: The data were from 997 fathers with young children who participated in the Panel Study of Korean Children (2013). The associations between variables were analyzed with frequency, correlations and hierarchical analysis using SPSS 20 Program. Results: Fathers with emotional values on children or future expectations focused on their children's happiness and altruism are more willing to share child raring practices with their partners. In contrast, fathers with expectation focused on future financial success of their children are less willing to share parenting with their partners. Conclusion/Implications: Fathers' values and future expectations for their children are meaningful predictors of shared parenting in married couples with young children. However, the directions of associations differ based on which types of values and future exportations fathers have regarding their children.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-39
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• 2019

This study aimed to explore the moderating effect of family strengths on the effect of work-family conflict on happiness in dual-income married couples. This study included 316 married employees who live in Seoul and have children attending junior high or lower grade schools. A survey was conducted December 1-30, 2018 by distributing questionnaires to child care centers, kindergartens, schools, companies, religious institutions, and other locations. The results are follows. First, in this study, the degree of family→work conflict was higher than that of work→family conflict in dual-income married couples, indicating that role conflict at work is greater due to family role pressures. Second, among the socio-demographic characteristics of dual-career couples, monthly income, family→work conflict (an independent variable), and family problem-solving skills (a moderating variable; a subcategory of family strengths) had a significant impact. In the analysis of the effect of work-family conflict on happiness, the higher the monthly income, the lower the family→work conflict, and the higher the family problem solving ability, the higher the feeling of happiness among dual-income married couples. When the work role conflicts from family life roles were more highly perceived in dual-income married couples. Moreover, family→work conflict and an interaction term of family problem-solving ability were identified as variables that had significant effects on happiness. Third, family problem-solving ability was identified as a moderator buffering the effect of work-family conflict on happiness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.135-154
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• 2007

This study examined preschool children's conceptions of social situations and mothers' responses toward their children in the home context. Participants were 78 kindergarten children and their mothers living Seoul, Korea. Results indicated that children did not distinguish social-conventional situations from moral situations, but they clearly distinguished social-conventional and moral situations from personal situations. Mothers' reported that they would make indirect responses to children's behaviors in moral situations to highlight intrinsic consequences such as violating others' rights and happiness. In contrast, they said that they would make direct responses such as mentioning rules and manners in social-conventional situations. Mothers supported their children's choices in personal situations unless the situations were dangerous or detrimental to children's health.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.187-196
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• 2007

This study evaluated attachment representation of school aged children, its relation to classification of family drawings, and their association with children's perceptions about families. The attachment representation of 43 children 6-9 years of age was evaluated by the Manchester Attachment Story Task (Green, Stanley, & Goldwyn, 2003) children's family drawings were classified by Fury's Family Drawing Scales (1996). Results showed that 12 children (28%) were avoidant, 23 (54%) secure, 4 (9%) resistant, and 4 (9%) were disorganized. Classification of childhood attachment representation showed a high concordance rate (86%) with family drawings. Securely Attached children showed positive perceptions such as family pride/happiness and vitality/creativity while Insecure children showed negative perceptions like emotional distance, tension and bizarreness.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2006

This study investigated the behavior problems of children, both institutionalized and home-reared, depending on their sex, age, and entry to institution. The subjects included 621 children (274 institutionalized, 347 home-reared; 298 boys and 323 girls; 209 preschoolers, 223 first to third graders, 189 fourth to sixth). The data collected were analyzed with t-test, 3-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation. Children's emotionality had two sides: Positive (happiness) and negative (sadness, anger, and fear). Measures of behavior problems included internalization (anxiety, immaturity, withdrawal, physical symptom) and externalization (hyperactivity, aggression). The results of this study indicated that the institutionalized were higher in negative emotionality than their counterparts, whereas the home-reared higher in positive emotionality. The institutionalized children also had higher externalizing problems than the home-reared. Furthermore, children's negative emotionality was positively related to their internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, while their positive emotionality was negatively related to the internalizing behavior problems.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of health control behaviors on the emotional happiness of the elderly. Among the survey instruments used in this study, emotional hapiness was the tool developed by Watson et al., 1978, and health control behavior was used by tools developed by Wallston et al., in 1988. Health control behaviors consist of three sub-factors: other health control behavior, accidental health control behavior, and internal health control behavior. The data collection period was collected from June 20 to July 5, 2018. A total of 152 participants were enrolled from 65 to 85 years old and were collected from six provinces of Korea (Seoul, Gangwon Province, Gyeongsang Province, Jeolla Province, Chungcheong Province, Gyeonggi Province) as much as possible. As a result of the analysis of demographic characteristics, the number of elderly people couple living was 47.4%, living alone was 21.1%, the number of people living with a couple and their children was 13.8%, the others were 10.5%. Based on the above results, 21.1% were living alone as an elderly person. And people who the highest monthly income of less than 1 million won was 36.8%, the usual meal type, 94.7% were very much eaten with vegetarianism smoking and drinking alcohol, and 94.7% did not smoke and 73.7% drank alcohol. In conclusion, Multiple regression analysis of health control behaviors on emotional happiness showed that health control behaviors had a 15% effect on emotional happiness. The following suggestions were made through the results of this study. First, the monthly income of the elderly is very low to maintain health, Second, the health of elderly people was maintained through friends and meetings. Based on these results, it should be used as a basic data for the program for the emotional happiness of the elderly.