• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.195-213
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• 2015

This study aims to uncover what kinds of difficulties preschool teachers are now confronted with when they begin to implement project based learning with young children, in order to develop contents for teacher education programs. From July 2012 to February, 2013, 9 teachers participated in implementing projects in preschool classrooms. For data generation and interpretation, observations of class projects, tape-recordings of teacher conferences, and interviews with the teachers were made. The findings were as follows: teachers' uncertainty regarding project itself, teachers themselves, child competence, and its sustainableness were the most critical obstacle to hinder the teachers in implementing self directed projects with young children. The results imply that the teachers' belief in child competence in doing projects is of great significance; their view that it is very difficult for them to do projects without viewing young children a co-constructor of knowledge. Therefore, the key element in developing contents for teacher education programs should include a richer understanding of young children' competence.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 1998

This study has been performed to analyze living arrangement in later life. In this study, 276 Koreans aged 60 or more were interviewed for their current household structure. The results are drawn as follows: 1. Of all the households with at least one person aged 60 or more, those living in three generations account for the largest proportion, 39.9 percent. For the regional difference, the rate was slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. 2. 48.7% of the subjects living in owned homes were households with elderly only, but only 23% of those living in rented homes are elderly only. Overall, the rate of elderly-only households becomes the highest for those living in owned single structure homes. This result indicates that the elderly with higher economic status are more likely to live without children than others. 3. As for birth order, those who grew up as the first child are most likely to live in elderly-only households, while others are in three generation homes. 4. The elderly with few children are more likely to live independently than those with many children, not because they are without dependable children, but because spend less resource for childbearing and therefore are more independent. 5. Overall in this, it is supported that socioeconomic status and independability are more influential factors on living arrangement of the elderly than regional or emotional factors.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.22-47
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• 2007

Most public libraries construct and operate their websites to provide the various user groups in local communities with internet access in Korea. But the representative public library's websites designed for children who are going to lead the next generation information based society, are unsatisfactory and don't reflect their approaches to information. The main factors of content and circumstance of usage are also extremely poor. Therefore, this research analyzed the construction of websites for children, their interface and design, search services, the contents of provincial representative public libraries amongst public libraries in korea and suggested improvement schemes.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

Recent studies on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have revealed that early-onset IBD has distinct phenotypic differences compared with adult-onset IBD. In particular, very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) differs in many aspects, including the disease type, location of the lesions, disease behavior, and genetically attributable risks. Several genetic defects that disturb intestinal epithelial barrier function or affect immune function have been noted in these patients from the young age groups. In incidence of pediatric IBD in Korea has been increasing since the early 2000s. Neonatal or infantile-onset IBD develops in less than 1% of pediatric patients. Children with "neonatal IBD" or "infantile-onset IBD" have higher rates of affected first-degree relatives, severe disease course, and a high rate of resistance to immunosuppressive treatment. The suspicion of a monogenic cause of VEO-IBD was first confirmed by the discovery of mutations in the genes encoding the interleukin 10 (IL-10) receptors that cause impaired IL-10 signaling. Patients with such mutations typically presented with perianal fistulae, shows a poor response to medical management, and require early surgical interventions in the first year of life. To date, 60 monogenic defects have been identified in children with IBD-like phenotypes. The majority of monogenic defects presents before 6 years of age, and many present before 1 year of age. Next generation sequencing could become an important diagnostic tool in children with suspected genetic defects especially in children with VEO-IBD with severe disease phenotypes. VEO-IBD is a phenotypically and genetically distinct disease entity from adult-onset or older pediatric IBD.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.71-88
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• 2015

It had been said that reading education in Japan has a goal to 'Lead children's character to a desirable direction'. Since the 2000s, Japan's reading activity was directly linked with an education program to improve children's education ability. These movements for reading in Japan is made more concrete by the 'Promotion Act on Children's Reading Activities'. For improving the reading skills of the younger generation in Japan, cooperation among homes, regions, and schools is needed. As a result, Japan has an opportunity to build an educational infrastructure for reading support services. The library has also been given an enhanced role as a learning commons. In this background, this study tried to analyze the current state of Japan's reading instruction qualification system, and show their efforts to foster reading specialists for improving the reading skills of the younger generation. This will generate the momentum needed to have the library evolve into learning commons.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.639-651
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of knowledge base and metamemory in children's conceptual implicit memory with category-exemplar-generation task. Subjects were total 180 children of each 60 from Grade2, Grade6 and High school students. They were examined implicit memory with category-exemplar-generation task, knowledge base test, and metamemory test. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA, and Scheffe post hoc test. The result was following: First, as the child grow old, implicit memory primed increased. Implicit memory amount was significantly different between Grade2 and High school students, Grade6 and High school students. Second, as the child grow high knowledge base, implicit memory primed increased. There was a significantly different found between age and knowledge base. Third, as the child grow high metamemory, implicit memory primed increased. These results were interpreted as that the state of the age, knowledge base and metamemory should be an important factorin implicit memory. And current findings suggest that implicit memory can show development if a children's knowledge base and metamemory in developing with age.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.407-412
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• 2016

The design in this study containing a consideration of children's free fantasy and experiential acquisition, is convergence in terms of its external use of Solar thermal energy and human friendly software, and is about public design based on eco-friendly playing equipments. Despite several flaws, the modularized solar-light power generation equipment is suitable for realizing the concept of the relationship between the Sun and the life thanks to its being versatile. Playing is equivalent to the world for children in itself, therefore; it should be something flexible to stimulate their fantasy and I imagined the sun, which should be something more than a mere source of power generation, and the children interact with each other by the medium of this equipment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate, analyze the purchasing behavior of fashion goods according to life style and role model of preteen generation, and provide manager or marketing planner for the reference data so that they can understand preteen generation and make proper strategy efficiently. So called, preteen market focusing on 1014 generation (from ten to fourteen years old) is highlighted. This generation created between the year 1989 to 1993 after Seoul Olympic monopolize parent's love in abundant economic environment and rise to the core of consumption subject. Products aiming at this preteen generation continuously though consumption mind was shrunk greatly due to recession. Only 2~3 years before preteen market was regarded as grey zone which doesn't belong to not only children (between six and nine years old) but also teenagers (between fifteen to eighteen years old). But in recent day their purchasing powers have increased rapidly and age group is divided on details, so that preteen market has become a niche market. Subjects were 333 persons consisting of students in the 4th~6th grade of primary school and the 1st~2nd grade of middle school in Daegu city. Measuring instruments are as follows: 5questions to differentiate preteen generation, 22 questions to measure life style, 17questions (which have six sub-factors such as purchase motive, factor of product selection, utilization of informant, purchase time, purchase place, and purchase method) to measure the purchase behavior of fashion goods measurement, and 16 questions (which have four sub-factors such as parent, entertainer & sports stars, brothers and sisters, friends) to measure model of role. Statistical data were processed by SPSS 10.0 programs. Frequencies, Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, ANOVA, Cross analysis, Multiplex regression analysis, and Duncan's multiple range test were carried out.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.294-302
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• 2018

The regulation of the game industry by the Korean government is closely related to the specific regulatory behavior from their parents' generation regarding gaming behavior of their children. This is because there exists a gap in terms of digital culture experience between parents and children. This study examined the differences in how moral values affect the awareness or perceptions of the game users. In the results, the norm conformity was found to have a negative influence on the fondness for game users. Age was also shown to have a negative influence on the fondness for the game users. Based on these findings, we also found the mediating effect of age existed specifically with regard to the relation of norm conformity and the fondness for the game users. The results suggest that the game industry promotion policies of Korea should change their existing targets from focusing on everyone to just the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.145-159
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• 2005

Students' alternative concepts of evolution are similar to misconcepts and disputes which scientists had in science history. The aims of this study are to analyze the elementary children's concept in evolution based on science history. Lee (2004)'s two tests were applied to 6th grade to investigate the children's evolution concepts and genetic concepts related to the historical development of the evolution concepts. The test results were analyzed in accordance with 4 stages of science history based on Lee (2004)'s method. These stages are divided to stage 1 (Before Lamarck), stage 2 (Lamarck), stage 3 (Darwin), stage 4 (After Darwin). The major results are as follows. Most of elementary school children are fixed to the stage 2. They usually do not show the consistency of evolution concepts in the three dimensional aspects such as mechanism, time, and subjects. Many children do not have concrete meaning of gene, inheritance, sexual reproduction, mutation and could not connect these concetps and process of evolution. Also, they believe the inheritance of acquired traits and spontaneous generation. Therefore it is confirmed that they still have similar misconcepts and disputes which scientists had in transition time between stage 2 and 3 and most of children already have strong Lamarckian thought acquired from daily life experience before learning about natural selection and evolution.