• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.91-108
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to assist the development of parenting-aid policies by analyzing information from life perspectives, family system theory, and integrated family policy perspectives. For this purpose, we conducted a literature using a variety of sources including internet sites, laws, published material related to current parenting-aid policies. Based on analyses we formulated four agendas: empowering parent competency, supporting diverse family parenting, guaranteeing parent's rights, and supporting parenting of dual-income families parenting. The results were as follow: Firstly, for empowering parent competency, we proposed the development of family relationship empowerment programs including family life cycle and children-raising support services. Secondly, for diverse family parenting, we proposed access to integrated parenting-aid programs dependent on family types. Thirdly, for guaranteeing parent’s rights, we proposed the supporting of child raising costs and tax returns to families with children, and provide child allowances. Finally, for dual-income family parenting, we proposed that schools and communities must recognize that dual-income families are a universal family type, establish family friendly business culture, and to develop a more democratic domestic family-relationship. This policy proposed a new paradigm where parents must be recognized as partners and stakeholder in development of family related policies. Ultimately, such policies will contribute to increased birth rate and development of a more respectful society.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.113-136
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• 2015

This study is about criminal judgement of child abuse. The purpose of this study is to analyze contents and reasons for judgements about child abuse crime in detail especially focused on elements and contents of weighing of an offense and concurrent imposition and then to suggest alternatives for policies and law-enforcement for the prevention of that crime. The data were collected from 484 written judgements on 579 criminal defendants that were related to 'Violation of the Child Welfare Act' and were conducted by content analysis. The results are as follows. First, Only about 25% criminal defendants were guilty of violations of the Child Welfare Act were sentenced to imprisonment and the rest of them(about 75%) were merely sentenced to probation of imprisonment or fined. Second, Proportion of prison sentence or period of jail time have not been increased in spite of public indignation and upward of statutory punishment by legislation. Third, in the case of child sexual abuse, there are frequent cases in which concurrent imposition was not put, regardless of explicit statement in the related laws. Last, this study revealed that some mitigation factors of sentence that have been identical to crimes against adult have been applied to child abuse crime uncritically, for example agreement and regret and so on. On the basis of such results, this study proposed policy alternatives for prevention of the recurrence of child abuse, i.e. intrinsic standard of weighing of an offense, concurrent imposition to perpetrators of child abuse and so on.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.362-371
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to recognize kindergarten teachers' experiences of child violence for identifying the site's needs for the implementation of preventive education in early childhood and to provide basic data on child violence. To this end, nine teachers were interviewed in-depth. From the study results, first, child violence-related child behavior, which usually occurs in kindergartens, includes physical assault, aggression, verbal violence, threats and threats, and bullying. Second, teachers usually use direct intervention laws in cases of child violence, but were finding it difficult to intervene properly with many tasks or high teacher-to-child ratios. Teachers recognized the need for lower teacher-to-child ratios and placement of each class burden. Third, teachers were aware of the need for prevention education for child violence targeting infants, and instigated the following appropriate interactions immediately after problem behavior occurred: large group activities, specific multimedia education data and parent education. Fourth, teachers are concerned about the possibility of problem behavior being learned and imitated through education in the implementation of prevention education for children's violence. Therefore, this study proposed the need to develop various teaching methods that could be applied to infant education sites, focusing on the types of child violence-related problem behaviors that occur in kindergartens.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 2023

In this study, the recognition of child abuse and neglect (CAN) and reporting attitudes of general dentists and pediatric dentists in Korea were estimated. A survey was conducted among dentists working at clinics or university hospitals, including interns and residents at dental hospital training institutions. The questionnaire, consisting of 32 questions and detailed questions, subdivided into 'general characteristics of respondents', 'CAN', 'CAN report', 'laws to CAN', 'countermeasures against CAN'. The survey was conducted using a messenger, and 176 respondents' answers were analyzed. The recognition of CAN showed high scores in the order of physical abuse, neglect, and emotional abuse. The positive attitude toward reporting CAN had a higher score than the negative attitude. Of the total respondents, 19 said they reported child abuse, and 18 said they were suspected of child abuse but hesitated to report it. Among the laws related to CAN, the protection measures for CAN reporters and the protocol for CAN showed low awareness. Since then, they have wanted to know how to find abused children and how to deal with them in education. This study is expected to be used as data to improve dentists' awareness and consciousness of CAN in the future.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1-24
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• 2021

Objective: In this study, a department accreditation system was introduced as a specific way to improve the professionalism of childcare teachers, and evaluation indicators for department accreditation and the implementation system were derived to find a practical direction. Methods: According to the purpose of this study, related laws and websites were reviewed. In addition, in order to investigate opinions on the composition and implementation system of qualification indicators, a meeting was conducted with professors of the department of childcare teacher education and other qualification experts. Results: In order to introduce a department accreditation system for childcare teacher education, it is necessary to specify the relevant laws, and that the operation of an organization affiliated with a public institution is appropriate for the practical implementation of the system. In addition, an evaluation index plan composed of three indicators of educational conditions, curriculum, and performance areas was derived. Conclusion/Implications: In this study, a practical preparation plan, such as evaluation indicators and an implementation system, was presented for the introduction of a department accreditation childcare teacher education system. It is expected that this study will contribute to the successful establishment of the accreditation system of childcare teacher education.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1197-1209
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• 2007

The advance of digital contents industry shifts the focus of consumptions; from analogue to digital ones. It gives significant impact on individual life as well as overall society and culture, and it leads to the increased consumption of digital contents. Nevertheless, current digital contents industry fails to secure the sufficient consumer protection systems including relevant rules and laws which regulate the distribution, use, and other transaction activities of digital contents and the efforts, on the part of contents providers, to provide information to consumers and to protect them. Digital contents, by its nature, is different from the existing products so that its nature is likely to cause unique consumer problems totally different from the offline transactions and the electrical transactions of existing products. This study, therefore, aims to identify the possible problems which may be incurred by consumers in their use of digital contents, specify the types of consumer damages, and provide the underlying materials to improve the systems related to digital contents and take legally complementary measures for consumer protection. To identify the types of consumer damages, this study analyzed the results from consumer counselling cases, experts opinion survey, and FGI. For consumer damage cases, this study analyzed the consumer complaints received by open consumer counselling sites of the Korea Consumer Agency and Seoul Electronic Commerce Center. For experts opinion survey, it conducted questionnaire survey of the group of experts from digital contents manufacturers or providers, and those who treated consumer damages directly. For FGI analysis, it organized a panel of students and employees who had used digital contents to understand the types of consumer damages. The results of this study can be summed up as follows. Based on the results from consumer counselling cases, experts opinion survey, and FGI analysis, the consumer damages related to digital contents can be classified, in their nature, into economic or financial damages (25 cases), emotional or psychological ones (15 cases), time-related ones (7 cases), physical ones (4 cases), and privacy-related ones (i.e. leakage of personal data)(3 cases). More specifying the types of damages, damages can be subdivided into contract-, charge-, maintenance-, use-, individual-related ones and other ones. Among them, both contract- and charge-related damages appeared only in the economic or financial damages, whereas user-specific individual damages appeared only in physical and emotional or psychological ones. On the other hand, maintenance- and use-related damages and other ones were observed in both categories of economical or financial damages and time-related ones. Use- and privacy-related damages, in particular, caused emotional or psychological damages.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.129-145
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• 2018

The main subjects of this study is to study the qualification and in-service education policies of the child care center staff and to suggest a desirable direction of policy. The main subjects of this study are child care staff policies and related laws. The results of this study shows that the philosophy, developmental psychology and some social backgrounds are the stantards required when designating the child care curriculum and essential subjects for attaining class 2 childcare teacher certificates. This study arises the needs of adjustment of the fields of the childcare curriculum contents, change between mandatory and elective subjects, and renewal of the subject title. The standards for competency in provision of childcare services of National Competency Standard(NCS) has to be considered in the adjustment process. The integrated teacher's certificate for teachers training system is needed in the reserve integration process. The systematization of the data and operating system is needed to manage the target of education efficiently, in order to develop childcare center staff's strengthening ability and professionalism. For in-service education, the diversification of the main body of operation, a periodical monitoring of the content, administrative and financial support are needed. Voluntary participation of in-service education, and the childcare center staffs professional development policy making supported by the government and parents is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.8 s.210
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• pp.141-159
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the current state of wife abuse in Seosan and the relationships between wife abuse and the related variables. A total of 132 couples took part in this study. All couples live in Seosan city, range in age from their 20s to 50s and each couple has at least one child. Stratification sampling method was used to select the couples. They were asked to complete self-report questionnaires. Subjects completed a Korean version of the self- esteem scale, marital conflict scale, communication style scale, family history of violence scale, alcohol dringking, and wife abuse scale. In order to examine the current state of wife abuse, such as, frequency, mean, standard deviation and paired t-test, t-test were calculated and analyzed. Next, to identify differences in wife abuse between the upper group and the lower group, t-test was peformed. Finally, to investigate the relative influences of independent variables upon wife-abuse, multiple regression analysis was peformed. All these analyses were conducted using SPSS 10.0 program. The results were as follows; 1) In terms of the current state of wife abuse, there are three main observations. First, $23\%$ of respondents answered that they had beat their spouse or been beaten by their spouse before and after their marriage. Second, compared with physical violence($2{\~}16\%$), other types of violence such as verbal($7{\~}4\%$), emotional($41{\~}64\%$), economical($3{\~}29\%$) and sexual violence($4{\~}38\%$) were reported to occur more often in these relationships. Third, following the abuse most wives tend to tolerate the situation instead of taking an active action like reporting the abuse to police. 2) As for the husbands, subjects that drank a high level of alcohol, blaming and super-reasonable communication style, and family history of violence reported more frequent cases of wife abuse. As for the wives, subjects with high levels of self-esteem, irrelevant communication style, marital conflict, and family history of violence reported having more cases of that abuse. 3) In the case of husbands, alcohol, communication style and family history of violence explained $40\%$ of wife abuse. In the case of wives, marital conflict and family history of violence explained $77\%$ of their experiences with abuse. This study makes the contribution to aims to develop education programs and family therapy relevant to prevent wife abuse and to reconsider the existing laws governing domestic violence in Korea.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.543-568
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• 2008

The study attempted to articulate standpoints towards compulsory education system based on schooling age and year in careful considerations with the gifted. For these ends, literatures were reviewed and various education laws, regulations and documents and related law reports and judicial decisions were investigated. Literature review was conducted to develop that ideas of rights to compulsory education for regular students are closely related to those for gifted. Structures of general education laws and gifted education law and regulations were compared. Later, limitations of compulsory education were discussed when it was applied for the gifted. In conclusions, it is inappropriate that the gifted are ruled by compulsory education system based on schooling age. If compulsory education system is designated to provide an effective opportunity for all students, it should be duties and rights to enter elementary schools at schooling age. However, it appeared that the duties and rights to enter elementary schools at certain schooling ages function as inhibitors against the gifted with giftedness and potentials far beyond those of regular students. Therefore, the gifted should be separately ruled under flexible systems of compulsory education if their achievement level is assessed as sufficient to enter elementary schools before schooling age. On the other hand, legal systems of compulsory education are gradually evolved to flexible systems. However, it is necessary to establish social atmosphere and support system of educational administration in order to practice the flexible system of compulsory education for the gifted.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.